华蟾素对人胰腺癌细胞BxPC3细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的观察华蟾素（Cinobutacini）对人胰腺癌细胞株BxPC3的细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响并探讨其可能的作用机理。方法将不同浓度的华蟾素作用于人胰腺癌细胞株BxPC3,采用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化。结果华蟾素明显抑制人胰腺癌细胞株BxPC3的细胞增殖,其作用随华蟾素浓度增加而增强伊〈0．05）;流式细胞术检测细胞周期发现,华蟾素可使人胰腺癌细胞株BxPC3阻滞于的S期。结论华蟾素能明显抑制人胰腺癌细胞株BxPC3的细胞增殖,可使肿瘤细胞阻滞于细胞周期的S期,阻止其进入分裂期,这可能是抑制细胞增殖的作用机理之一。     

全反式维甲酸对多种胰腺癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用

目的 观察全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)能否诱导人胰腺癌细胞的凋亡.方法 分别将人胰腺癌细胞SW1990、PaTu8988、BxPC3和ATRA共同孵育后,用MTT法检测细胞活性,分别用流式细胞仪检测、TUNEL和透射电镜观察细胞的凋亡.结果 MTT法显示,ATRA对3株人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、PaTu8988和BxPC3的生长均有明显的抑制作用(P ＜ 0.05).流式细胞仪的检测、TUNEL和电镜的观察结果均证实ATRA诱导后,3株胰腺癌细胞株凋亡率均高于对照(P ＜ 0.01),并随诱导时间延长而增加.结论 ATRA在体外能显著抑制多株胰腺癌细胞株的生长,并促进其凋亡.     

沙利度胺对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990体外增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 观察沙利度胺(THD)体外抑制人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990增殖及诱导其凋亡的作用.方法 应用不同浓度的THD(3.125、6.25、12.5、25、50、100、200、400μg/ml)处理胰腺癌SW1990细胞24、48、72 h,用MTT法测定细胞的生长抑制率,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,Annexin V/PI检测细胞凋亡率,蛋白质印迹法检测细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白的表达.结果 THD呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制胰腺癌细胞SW1990的生长.200μg/ml的THD干预使SW1990细胞G0/G1期比例从(41.15±2.23)％上升到(58.83 ±2.33)％;细胞凋亡率从2.6％增加到28.0％;细胞Bax蛋白表达量从0.17±0.03上调到0.33±0.04,Bcl-2蛋白表达量从0.35±0.02下调到0.17±0.01,Bcl-2/Bax比值从2.17±0.44下降到0.52±0.07.结论 THD可以抑制SW1990细胞增殖,其机制可能与上调Bax蛋白表达、下调Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进细胞凋亡,将细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期有关.     

全反式维甲酸对多种胰腺癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用

目的观察全反式维甲酸(all-trans retinoic acid,ATRA)能否诱导人胰腺癌细胞的凋亡。方法分别将人胰腺癌细胞SW1990、PaTu8988、BxPC3和ATRA共同孵育后,用MTT法检测细胞活性,分别用流式细胞仪检测、TUNEL和透射电镜观察细胞的凋亡。结果MTT法显示,ATRA对3株人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、PaTu8988和BxPC3的生长均有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。流式细胞仪的检测、TUNEL和电镜的观察结果均证实ATRA诱导后,3株胰腺癌细胞株凋亡率均高于对照(P<0.01),并随诱导时间延长而增加。结论ATRA在体外能显著抑制多株胰腺癌细胞株的生长,并促进其凋亡。     

褪黑素对胰腺癌细胞株SW1990体外增殖及凋亡的影响

目的 探讨褪黑素(MT)体外抑制胰腺癌细胞株SW1990增殖及诱导其凋亡的作用.方法 以不同浓度的MT(0.1、0.5、1.0、2.5及5.0 mmol/L)处理体外培养的胰腺癌细胞株SW1990细胞24、48、72 h.用MTT法测定细胞增殖,以Annexin V/PI检测细胞凋亡,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期及Western blotting检测细胞Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达.结果 MT呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制SW1990细胞的增殖.0.1～5.0 mmol/L MT作用48 h后,细胞的增殖抑制率为7.4%～85.8%.1.0～5.0 mmoL/L MT作用48 h后,G0/G1期比例为72.6%～85.3%,细胞凋亡率为21.5%～41.7%,同时Bcl-2蛋白表达下调,Bcl-2/Bax比值下降.结论 MT可以抑制SW1990细胞增殖,其机制可能与上调Bax表达,下调Bcl-2表达,促进细胞凋亡,将细胞周期阻止于G0/G1期有关.     

二甲双胍抑制人胰腺癌细胞株Patu8988的增殖

二甲双胍孵育胰腺癌细胞株Patu8988 72 h后应用CCK-8(Cell counting Kit-8)检测细胞增殖,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期,RT-PCR检测相关基因表达.干预后细胞增殖呈浓度依赖性抑制(r=0.994.,P＜0.05),细胞周期G0/G1期所占比例显著增加,G2/M期显著减少(均P＜0.05),相关基因MMP-3、CyclinD1、p53表达下调,Bax表达上调.结果表明二甲双胍抑制Patu8988细胞增殖,主要机制可能与阻滞细胞周期、影响相关基因表达有关.     

胚胎干细胞标志物Oct-4在胰腺癌的表达

目的 分析胚胎干细胞标志物Oct-4在胰腺癌组织和胰腺癌细胞株中的表达状况.方法 应用RT-PCR检测Oct-4 mRNA在25例胰腺癌组织以及胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、PC3、JF305和BxPC3中的表达;应用Western blot法检测胰腺癌组织及胰腺癌细胞株中Oct-4蛋白表达;应用异硫氰荧光素 (FITC)标记的流式细胞仪分选法检测Oct-4在胰腺癌细胞株中的表达率.结果 4株胰腺癌细胞株均表达Oct-4 mRNA和Oct-4 蛋白.88%(22/25)胰腺癌组织高表达Oct-4 mRNA和Oct-4 蛋白,其表达率与胰腺癌的分化程度无关.Oct-4在SW1990的表达率为50.21%、BxPC3为68.53%、PC3为66.27%、JF305为67.61%.结论 Oct-4异常表达可能与胰腺癌始发有关,胰腺癌可能来源于胰腺干细胞.     

SEA对人结肠癌SW480细胞周期进程及凋亡的影响

目的 体外观察葡萄球菌肠毒素A(SEA)对人结肠癌细胞株SW480的增殖抑制作用.方法 应用MTr比色法检测不同浓度的SEA对SW480细胞的增殖抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期进程的变化及凋亡率,电子显微镜检测亚细胞水平变化.结果 不同浓度的SEA对SW480细胞增殖抑制率分别为18.5％、37.6％和41.5％,与对照组相比差异显著.流式细胞仪结果显示Go/G1期细胞增多,S期细胞减少,G2/M期细胞相对增多,细胞凋亡率升高.电子显微镜可见,细胞线粒体肿胀、胞膜破裂、细胞核染色质趋边、凝集,可见凋亡小体.结论 SEA能显著抑制SW480细胞增殖,抑制SW480细胞周期G1期向S期转化进程,从而使G2/M期细胞相对增高,诱导SW480细胞凋亡及亚细胞结构改变.     

三种胰腺癌细胞株Mesothelin的表达及成瘤速度的比较

目的 比较3种人胰腺癌细胞株在体外和裸鼠体内Mesothelin的表达及裸鼠皮下种植瘤生长速度的差异.方法 培养人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、BxPC3、PANC1,取对数生长期分别注射于裸鼠左腋窝皮下,每周测量裸鼠皮下种植瘤的长、短径,计算体积,SW1990、BxPC3组裸鼠观察3周,PANC1组裸鼠观察5周;用蛋白质印迹法分别检测3种细胞及裸鼠皮下种植瘤组织中的Mesothelin表达,用免疫组化染色检测3种裸鼠皮下种植瘤组织中Mesothelin表达.结果 人胰腺癌细胞株体外Mesothelin表达的强弱顺序是BxPC3＞ PANC1＞ SW1990,体内种植瘤组织表达的强弱顺序是SW1990＞ BxPC3＞ PANC1.3种人胰腺癌细胞种植于裸鼠皮下的成瘤率均为100％,各组肿瘤的生长速度顺序为SW1990＞ BxPC3＞ PANC1.结论 不同人胰腺癌细胞株Mesothelin的表达量不同,裸鼠皮下种植瘤的生长速度亦不同,两者无相关性.     

半乳凝素3在胰腺癌细胞中的表达及对胰腺癌SW1990细胞增殖和侵袭的影响

目的 研究半乳凝素3( galectin-3)在胰腺癌细胞株中的表达及对人胰腺癌细胞株SW1990增殖和侵袭能力的影响.方法 采用免疫细胞化学法和RT-PCR方法检测胰腺癌细胞株SW1990、PANC1、AsPC-1的galectin-3蛋白和mRNA表达.分别应用1、2、3、5μg/ml galectin-3单抗处理SW1990细胞24、48、72 h,采用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞的增殖,Transwell小室检测细胞的侵袭能力.结果 胰腺癌SW1990.PANC1、AsPC-1细胞均有galectin-3 mRNA和蛋白表达.galectin-3单抗呈浓度和时间依赖性抑制SW1990细胞的增殖及穿膜细胞数.培养72 h时2、3、5μg/ml galectin-3单抗的细胞生长抑制率分别为19.8％、29.9％和42.7％,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).3 μg/ml galectin-3单抗组的穿膜细胞抑制率为37.1％,与对照组的10.4％差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 galectin-3在胰腺癌细胞中高表达,用抗体中和galectin-3能抑制SW1990细胞的增殖和侵袭能力     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.