肿瘤血管生成及抗血管生成基因治疗

肿瘤的侵袭和转移明显影响患者的预后,而肿瘤的血管生成是肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移的基本条件。因而抑制肿瘤血管生成是治疗肿瘤的关键。本文就肿瘤血管生成的调控及抗肿瘤血管生成基因治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

抗肿瘤血管生成机制及治疗研究进展

传统的肿瘤治疗多针对肿瘤细胞,大量研究表明这种治疗存在很多缺点如容易产生肿瘤耐药性,有时药物不易进人肿瘤细胞内部则作用受限等。后来,Eolkman等提出实体肿瘤的生长和转移依赖于新生血管生成的观点后,国内外研究者做了大量基础实验、动物实验、临床前期试验对肿瘤血管生成机制进行了深入研究,对抗肿瘤血管生成疗法治疗肿瘤进行了许多探索,并取得了较大进展,使抑制或破坏肿瘤血管生成,     

肿瘤血管生成抑制物的研究

肿瘤的生长及转移依赖于血管的生成(angiogenesis)，抑制肿瘤血管生成可以抑制肿瘤的生长，已经成为不同于常规肿瘤治疗的方法和热点。与直接杀伤肿瘤细胞的化学药物治疗相比，血管生成抑制剂有以下优点：(1)血管生成抑制剂直接作用于血管内皮细胞，而抗癌药物经组织扩散时受到组织坏死、纤维化、组织内高压的影响，常常在组织内达不到有效浓度；(2)血管内皮细胞属正常细胞，其基因型稳定，不易产生耐药性，而肿瘤细胞基因型不稳定，易产生耐药性；     

癌症分子基础与临床：第九讲 血管生成与癌症

肿瘤生长依赖于血管生成的概念始于对年代初，但其重要意义在早年并未受到重视。直至近10年来，由于发现了一些血管生成因子对肿瘤血管生成的作用，血管生成不仅对肿瘤生长和浸润转移有作用，特别是对肿瘤的早期发生有重要影响，才使得肿瘤血管生成成为近年来肿瘤研究的热点之一，亦为肿瘤治疗开辟了一个新的思路。一、肿瘤生长与血管形成Folklnan早年曾假设：肿瘤一旦出现，其体积增加之前都必须伴有汇聚于该肿瘤的新生血管的增加。近年已有大量间接和直接实验证据肯定了这一假设：①在鼠皮下透明室移植的肿瘤，在血管形成前，肿瘤细胞生…     

肿瘤血管生成与乳腺癌研究进展

肿瘤新生血管生成在肿瘤的生长和转移过程中起着重要作用，抗血管生成治疗可能成为肿瘤治疗的新方法。本文综述了乳腺癌的血管生成机制及乳腺癌抗血管生成治疗的研究进展。     

血管生成与肿瘤的生长及转移

新生血管既为肿瘤生长提供营养和氧气,也是肿瘤侵袭和转移的主要途径。宿主不能控制肿瘤血管生成,人为抑制血管生成能显著抑制肿瘤生长。血管生成抑制剂具有高效、低毒和不易产生耐药性的特点,抗血管生成疗法将成为不同于常规的肿瘤治疗策略。     

肿瘤血管生成及抗血管生成基因治疗

肿瘤的侵袭和转移明显影响患者的预后,而肿瘤的血管生成是肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移的基本条件.因而抑制肿瘤血管生成是治疗肿瘤的关键.本文就肿瘤血管生成的调控及抗肿瘤血管生成基因治疗的研究进展作一综述.     

血管生成抑制剂在恶性肿瘤放射治疗中的作用

在肿瘤的生长和转移中，肿瘤血管的形成和生长起非常重要的作用。在1971年，Folkman在新英格兰医学杂志上首先提出了关于肿瘤血管形成以及通过抗血管形成抑制肿瘤生长的假说”。近年来，大量的实验数据表明，血管生成抑制剂可减少新血管的生成，从而使肿瘤生长延缓或退缩。人们开始尝试通过抗血管生成药物来治疗恶性肿瘤。[第一段]     

肿瘤血管生成与抗血管生成基因治疗

肿瘤血管生成是肿瘤生长浸润转移的关键步骤，其形成主要是促血管生成因子和抑制因子作用失衡的结果。以肿瘤血管生成为靶点的抗血管生成治疗作为肿瘤治疗新视野，已发展为重要的抗肿瘤策略。基因治疗则使抗血管生成治疗更具有靶向性，使这一治疗策略产生新的飞跃。本文就该领域研究情况作一综述。     

肿瘤抗血管生成治疗的研究进展

血管生成在肿瘤的生长、转移中发挥了重要作用。人们很早就懂得利用栓塞肿瘤的滋养血管、切断肿瘤血供来治疗肿瘤。近年来,以肿瘤血管为目标的抗血管生成治疗日益引起重视。我们就肿瘤抗血管生成治疗的研究进展作一综述。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.     

肾上腺素能β受体与肿瘤生长及转移

大量研究表明肿瘤细胞可表达β受体，而一些神经递质、药物和社会心理因素可能通过β受体影响肿瘤的生长和转移，β受体激动剂、β受体阻滞剂以及抑郁等社会心理因素可加强或削弱这种作用。这为表达β受体肿瘤的治疗开辟了新的道路，提供了新的治疗靶点。