窦性激动经房室结双径路前传双重激动心室致心动过速的电生理特点

目的:研究窦性冲动沿房室结双径路同时前传导致心动过速的电生理机制,探讨房室结快、慢径同时传导的影响因素。方法:56岁男性患者,室上性心动过速无休止发作,抗心律失常药物无效,心电生理检查明确心律失常性质,射频消融改良房室结。结果:心动过速时,记录食道电图P波后两个QRS波群呈P-QRS1-QRS2型;希氏束电图示A-H1-V1-H2-V2,心房激动沿双径同时前传时快径文氏或高度阻滞、慢径不典型文氏阻滞;心房内电生理刺激诱发出1∶2房室激动现象,呈S-A-H1-V1-H2-V2;快径不应期430 m s,慢径不应期260 m s;房室结区无室房逆传功能。P-P间期≤0.72 s,1∶2房室传导多见。射频消融改良慢径后,心动过速终止,房室传导为1∶1。随访3月未再发作心动过速,心脏结构与功能正常。结论:房室结双径路同时前传窦性冲动引起心动过速为非折返性心动过速。快/慢径前传不应期、传导时间差异及房室结区无室房逆传特性、窦性频率变化可能是窦性冲动能否同时沿双径路前传双重激动心室的影响因素。射频消融可根治此类心律失常。     

静脉注射地尔硫卓对左侧隐匿性房室旁道患者心内电生理的影响

目的 观察单剂静脉注射地尔硫卓对左侧隐匿性房室旁道患者心内电生理的影响。方法 对反复发作阵发性心动过速患者行心内电生理检查，对明确诊断为左侧隐匿性房室旁道且诱发出房室折返型室上性心动过速(AVRT)者，单剂静脉注射地尔硫卓(剂量按0．25mg/kg体重计算)转律，观察其转律效果、用药前后心内电生理的变化。结果 对心内电生理的影响中除H—V间期在用药前后无明显变化外，P—P间期、A—H间期明显延长，对房室结的传导功能有明显阻滞作用，而对室房旁道阻滞点无影响，对心房有效不应期(AVNERP)和房室结有效不应期(AVNERP)的增加也非常明显，单剂静注地尔硫卓转律的成功率为73．3％，且AVRT中止于房室结顺传。结论 除H—V间期外，地尔硫卓对心内电生理的影响显著，且能有效转律阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT)，其折返中止于房室结，对房室旁道无影响。     

射频消融房室结改良术对房室结电生理功能的影响

比较２３例房室结折返心动过速经导管射频消融房室结改良术治疗前后房室结电生理变化，结果发现，快径前传下不应期明显缩短（Ｐ〈０．０１），且在慢径阻断组与改良组间无明显差异；在慢径改良组，术后前传不应期明显延长（Ｐ〈０．０１），而房室结前传文氏点，房室结逆传不应期，逆传文氏点均无明显的变化，提示射频消融房室结改良术仅影响房室结快径和慢径的前传不应期，对房室结逆传功能无明显影响。     

房室结双径路伴房室结折返性心动过速的室房传导探讨

根据电生理检查结果，将接受射频消融术患者６２例分为房室旁道伴房室折返性心动过速３２例，房室结双径路伴房室结折返性心动过速３０例。以房室旁道伴ＡＶＲＴ室房传导特征为对象，探讨ＤＡＶＮＰ伴ＡＶＮＲＴ ＶＡ传导特征。结果表明ＤＡＶＮＰ伴ＡＶＮＲＴ其ＶＡ传导发生率为１００％；室房逆传多经房室结快径；快径逆传具有房室旁道逆传特征。     

普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉对犬心脏传导系统的电生理作用

本文采用希氏束电图法研究了普鲁卡因、芬太尼、琥珀胆碱静脉复合麻醉对犬心脏传导系统的电生理作用。实验发现,此麻醉方法可使A-H间期、H-V间期延长,AVNERP、VERP延长,HR减慢。说明其对窦房结、房室结、希浦系统和心室均有抑制作用。结果提示普鲁卡因静脉复合麻醉具有抗房室结折返型心律失常和异位自律性增强所致心律失常的作用。     

罗通定在预激综合征病人中的临床电生理作用

中华心血管病杂志1993；21（5）：286作者在静脉注射罗通定治疗室上性心动过速（SVT）获得较好的临床疗效基础上，又观察了14例预激综合征伴快速室上性心律失常患者用该药（2mg／kg）后的急性电生理效应。结果该药明显延长A-H间期、房室结有效不应期和房室结文氏周长，对窦房结功能无明显影响，延长旁路前传时间及旁路前传有效不应期，明显延长心房有效不应期，防止程序电刺激诱发SVT有效率达77.8％。作者认为其结果主要由于：①房室结有效不应期延长较旁路正传有效不应期延长明显，两者有效不应期离散度减小，②明显抑制房室结传导，激…     

室房间期差值对间隔部旁道与快径逆传心动过速的鉴别诊断价值

[目的]研究间隔部旁道参与的和房室结功能连续曲线性快径逆传的室上性心动过速的电生理特征,为射频治疗提供准确的定位依据.[方法]选择10例间隔旁道介导的房室折返性心动过速(AVRT,旁道组)与10例房室结功能连续曲线的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT,房室结组)病人,分别在与心动过速相同的频率起搏右心室及心动过速发作时,测量希氏束(HBE)、冠状窦近端(CS9-10)导联记录的室房传导间期(VAVP和VASVT)及两者差值△VA(VAVP-VASVT).[结果]①房室结组心室起搏与心动过速时VA间期差异显著(P＜0.001),而旁道组差异无显著性(P＞0.05);②心室起搏时旁道组与房室结组的VAVP相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05);③心动过速时VA间期旁道组明显长于房室结组,两者相比VASVT差异显著(P＜0.001);④旁道组△VA与房室结组比较差异显著(P≤0.001).[结论]CS9-10导联△VA是鉴别隐性间隔部旁道介导的AVRT与AVNRT的重要参考指标,特别对房室结功能连续曲线性房室结折返性心动过速的鉴别有较高价值.     

美托洛尔注射液对房室结双径路功能的影响

目的评价美托洛尔注射液对房室结双径路功能的影响.方法11例房室结折返性心动过速的病人在行射频消融术治疗前接受电生理试验,比较静推美托洛尔注射液(0.1 mg/kg)前后房室结双径路前传有效不应期和传导速度的变化.结果静推美托洛尔注射液后,快径有效不应期由338.2±56.4 ms延长至376.4±53.3 ms(P＜0.01),快径路传导速度由191.8±48.1 ms延长至218.2±42.9 ms(P＜0.05);慢径路的有效不应期和传导速度在静推美托洛尔注射液后无显著改变.结论(1)美托洛尔注射液主要影响快径路的有效不应期和传导速度,对慢径路无明显影响.(2)推测房室结的快慢径路是由具有不同电生理特性的细胞参与组成.     

多旁道及旁道伴房室结双径的射频消融

目的:总结多旁道及旁道伴双径的电生理特点及射频消融方法.方法:多旁道11例,其中体表心电图呈显性预激3例,正常8例;治疗采用先消融显性旁道,后消融阻断所有旁道顺序.旁道伴双径21例,电生理检查中观察PSVT发作时前传及逆传途经,然后对AP或SP进行消融治疗.结果:多旁道11例,共22条AP,成功率100%.旁道伴双径21例,其中慢径前传-旁道逆传10例,快径前传-旁道逆传4例,慢径-旁道折返伴快径-旁道折返2例,慢-快径交替前传折返2例,慢径前传-快径逆传(旁道旁观)3例.21例患者均作AP消融,诱发AVNRT者作SP消融.术后随访半年均无复发及并发癌.结论:多旁道及旁道合并双径多需经腔内电生理检查才能被确诊,体表心电图可提供某些诊断线索.逐条消融是可避免多旁道的漏诊漏治;AP合并双径者,无论旁道是否作为旁观者,治疗关键是阻断旁道,旁道消融后应常规再次做房室结电生理检查,如仅有AH跳跃,不必接受房室结改良.     

心室起搏呈向心或不典型偏心传导隐匿性旁道的射频消融

目的:控论心室起搏呈向心传导或不典型偏心传导隐匿性旁道的射频消融方法。方法:对15例房室结文氏周期小于300ms且心室起搏呈向心传导或不典型偏心传导的隐匿性旁道的病人行射频消融治疗,用RS_2(或S_1S_2)右室起搏进行靶点标测和手术成功判定。结果:15例中男8例,女7例。左侧旁道11例。右侧旁道4例,RS_2(或S_1S_2)在心室刺激可以清楚标测到旁道部位并能及时判定放电是否有效。手术前后房室结前传功能及逆传功能均无改变。结论:RS_2(或S_1S_2)右室刺激对心室起搏呈向心传导或不典型偏心传导隐匿性旁道的射频消融是一安全有效方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.