氯氮平和利培酮对血清催乳素及体重的影响

目的：比较氯氮平、利培酮对男性精神分裂症患者血清催乳素(PRL)及体重的影响。方法：将80例符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第2版修订本诊断标准的男性精神分裂症患者，随机分为氯氮平组和利培酮组，治疗6周。在治疗前后分别测定血清PRL水平及体重。结果：氯氮平组和利培酮组治疗后血清PRL、体重均显著增高，尤以利培酮组增加率显著较多。体重与血清PRL水平变化呈正相关。结论：氯氮平组及利培酮组血清PRL水平及体重均明显增加，利培酮组增加幅度更大。血清PRL水平的增加可能是引起体重增加的重要因素。     

氯氮平和利培酮对催乳素、甲状腺素的影响

目的：比较氯氮平、利培酮对精神分裂症患者血清催乳素（PRL）、三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）的影响。方法：将68例精神分裂症患者随机分为氯氮平组和利培酮组，治疗6周。用磁酶免疫法在治疗前后分别测定血清PRL、T3、T4水平。结果：氯氮平组治疗后血清PRL、T3、T4均增高，治疗前后差异有显著性；但血清PRL、T3、T4的改变无性别的差异；利培酮血清PRL治疗后较治疗前高，T3、T4较治疗前低，差异均有显著性，也无性别的差异。结论：氯氮平和利培酮治疗均明显增加血清催乳素水平，利培酮增加幅度更大。氯氮平增加T3、T4水平，而利培酮降低T3、T4水平。     

抗精神病药对男性精神分裂症患者性功能与催乳素的影响

目的：探讨抗精神病药（APS）对恢复期精神分裂症患者性功能影响及其与催乳素相关性。方法：入组以氯丙嗪、氯氮平和利培酮单一治疗至少6个月各60例、具有稳定配偶的恢复期精神分裂症男性患者。以亚利桑那洲性经验量表（ASEX）进行总体性功能障碍（SD）评定,放免法检测血浆催乳素水平。结果：①氯丙嗪组ASEX总分以及5个分因子分均显著高于氯氮平组和利培酮组（P〈0.05或P〈0.001）,氯丙嗪组SD发生率也显著高于其他两组（P均〈0.05）。②利醅酮组血浆催乳素显著高于氯丙嗪组和氯氮平组（P均〈0.001）,血浆催乳素水平与全体患者（P=0.007）和利培酮组患者（P=0.006）ASEX总分呈显著正相关。结论：氯丙嗪较氯氮平和利培酮更易于发生SD,利培酮可能导致催乳素水平增高。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者血清催乳素水平的影响

目的 探讨利培酮对精神分裂症患者的血清催乳素(PRL)水平的影响及其与临床疗效的关系。方法 采用固定剂量利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者23例，分别在治疗前、治疗后第4周、第8周进行放射免疫法测定血清催乳素水平，以及简明精神病量表(BPRS)评定。结果 男性组PRL第4周、第8周与服药前比较均有显著升高，而女性无明显变化；治疗前后PRL的差值与BPRS的减分值以及与利培酮剂量无明显相关性。结论 利培酮对男性精神分裂症患者的血清催乳素有显著影响，但PRL不能作为疗效判定的指标。     

氯氮平和奎硫平对血清催乳素的影响

目的:了解氯氮平和奎硫平对首发女性精神分裂症患者血清催乳素水平的影响。方法:采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法测定血清催乳素水平。结果:氯氮平、奎硫平对血清催乳素水平没有显著影响。结论:氯氮平、奎硫平对女性精神分裂症患者血清催乳素影响均不明显;氯氮平对体质量(体重)的影响显著大于奎硫平。     

利培酮和喹硫平对女性精神分裂症患者催乳素影响的两年随访研究

目的 探讨长期使用利培酮对女性精神分裂症患者的催乳素水平的影响.方法 120例女性精神分裂症患者被随机分为利培酮组和喹硫平组进行2年的随访研究.于治疗前,治疗后2月、12月及24月分别测其催乳素水平进行比较.血清催乳素浓度使用放免法进行测定.结果 喹硫平组与治疗前相比差异无显著性而利培酮组与治疗前相比明显增加,差异有显著性,但随疗程的增加差异逐渐缩小,两组间治疗各时点PRL浓度比较有显著性差异;利培酮组治疗前与治疗后的PRL差值与BPRS减分率显示无相关性.患者PRL水平与利培酮及喹硫平剂量无明显相关性.结论 利培酮治疗女性精神分裂症患者初期血清催乳素水平显著升高,但随着治疗时间的延长,血清PRL水平会逐步降低;PRL水平的变化与疗效及利培酮的剂量无相关性.     

氯氮平与利培酮对血清脂联素的影响

目的：研究氯氮平与利培酮对血清脂联素（Adi）等代谢的影响。方法：69例精神分裂症患者随机分为氯氮平组和利培酮组。治疗6周测定患者血清Adi，血脂，空腹血糖、胰岛素水平，计算胰岛素抵抗指数（IR），测量身高、体质量，计算体质量指数（BMI），并与36名正常对照者比较。结果：两患者组治疗后的血清Adi明显降低，氯氮平组血清Adi改变与BMI相关；利培酮组血清Adi改变与IR和利培酮剂量相关。结论：氯氮平与利培酮治疗精神分裂症患者可引起血清Adi降低，并与体质量增加、IR、血脂及利培酮剂量密切相关。     

奋乃静和利培酮对中老年精神分裂症患者体质量和糖脂代谢的影响

目的探讨奋乃静、利培酮对中老年精神分裂症患者体质量、糖脂代谢、催乳素及肿瘤坏死因子α的影响。方法将49例中老年精神分裂症患者随机分为奋乃静组（23例）和利培酮组（26例），共治疗8周.所有患者于疗前和治疗8周后测定体质量、空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂和肿瘤坏死因子α水平。奋乃静组19例和利培酮组21例完成疗前和治疗8周后血清催乳素测定。结果治疗8周后，奋乃静组和利培酮组体质量、血清催乳素水平均显著增加，前组甘油三酯水平显著增高，后组高密度脂蛋白和空腹血糖水平显著降低。两组胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗及血清肿瘤坏死因子水平治疗8周前后无显著性差异。结论奋乃静和利培酮均可导致中老年精神分裂症患者体质量、血清催乳素水平显著增加，但两种药物对糖脂代谢的影响并不相同。     

利培酮与氯氮平联用治疗精神分裂症对照研究

目的：研究利培酮单用及与氯氮平合用对首发精神分裂症的疗效。方法：根据入院先后对91例首发精神分裂症患者分为单用利培酮及与氯氮平合用组，用简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）、副反应症状量表（TESS）评定两组疗效及副反应。结果：两组疗效差异无显著性，而联用组副反应明显高于单用组。结论：利培酮合并氯氮平治疗首发精神分裂症并不能提高疗效，反而加重副反应。     

氯氮平、利培酮对精神分裂症患者白细胞介素-2的影响

目的 了解氯氮平、利培酮对首发精神分裂症偏执型患者血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)的影响,并探讨IL-2与精神病理的关系。方法 对58例首发精神分裂症偏执型患者给予氯氮平或利培酮治疗,分别在治疗前和治疗后第4、8周末、6月末用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清IL-2水平,并用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估精神症状及其变化。结果 两组患者治疗后第4、8周末血清IL-2水平均显著低于治疗前;不同药物对IL-2影响差异无显著性;治疗前IL-2水平与SPANSS总分、阳性症状分呈显著正相关;治疗后8周末血清IL-2减分值与阳性症状减分值呈显著正相关;利培酮组患者治疗后第8周末血清IL-2减分值与利培酮日量呈显著相关。结论 氯氮平和利培酮有相似的免疫抑制作用,血清IL-2与精神分裂症精神病理之间有一定的关系。     

Risperidone added to clozapine: impact on serum prolactin levels

BACKGROUND: Several years ago, we reported that the addition of risperidone to clozapine improved response in some patients with schizophrenia. Risperidone, in general, is well tolerated when administered as monotherapy, but has been linked to a persistent elevation of serum prolactin and associated symptoms. The goal of this study was to determine whether the addition of risperidone to clozapine results in an elevation of serum prolactin levels in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. METHOD: Twenty patients on clozapine-risperidone combination therapy were matched for age and gender with 20 patients treated with clozapine monotherapy. Demographic information was gathered along with clozapine and risperidone dose and the length of time on risperidone. Serum prolactin levels were measured from a single blood sample. RESULTS: The 2 groups did not differ in age, race, gender, diagnosis, age at clozapine initiation, age at onset, Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores, or clozapine dose. The mean +/- SD serum prolactin level was 8.42+/-4.17 ng/mL for clozapine monotherapy patients and 35.76+/-17.43 ng/mL for combination therapy patients. The 2 medication categories showed a significant difference in log prolactin values (t = -7.97, df = 38, p < or = .0001). Sixteen combination therapy patients (80%) exhibited elevated prolactin levels (range for entire group, 9.7-69.8 ng/mL) while only 2 clozapine monotherapy patients (10%) exhibited prolactin elevation levels (range for entire group, 2.4-20.2 ng/mL; df = 1, p < .0001). CONCLUSION: The combination of risperidone and clozapine appears to result in a moderate elevation of serum prolactin levels. Additionally, controlled prospective studies are needed to clarify the risks of long-term elevations of serum prolactin level.     

抗精神病药对血脂和载脂蛋白的影响

目的 :比较氯丙嗪、氯氮平及利培酮对精神分裂症患者血脂及载脂蛋白的影响。　方法 :采用全自动生化仪对单用氯丙嗪、氯氮平或利培酮治疗的精神分裂症患者各 30例进行治疗前后的血脂及载脂蛋白测定及对比分析。　结果 :氯丙嗪、氯氮平、利培酮均可引起女性精神分裂症患者胆固醇(TG)、载脂蛋白B(apoB)明显升高 ,氯氮平组升高更为明显。氯丙嗪、氯氮平均可引起男、女性精神分裂症患者甘油三脂 (TC)明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论 :氯丙嗪、氯氮平、利培酮均可导致精神分裂症患者的脂类代谢异常 ,在治疗精神分裂症的同时应及早采取相应的预防措施     

阿立哌唑对首发精神分裂症患者代谢的影响

目的:探讨阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者泌乳素、血糖和体质量的影响。方法:用随机方法将100例精神分裂症患者分成阿立哌唑组、利培酮组和氯氮平组,治疗12周。于治疗前和治疗4、8、12周,采用放射免疫法测量泌乳素、血糖和体质量。结果:治疗前后泌乳素、血糖水平和体质量,阿立哌唑组无明显变化,利培酮组和氯氮平组治疗后显著增加,并且与阿立哌唑组比较差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者的泌乳素、血糖和体质量影响较小。     

Differences in prolactin elevation and related symptoms of atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenic patients

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the degree and frequency of prolactin (PRL) elevation and related symptoms in patients treated with 3 different atypical antipsychotics: clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone. METHOD: Twenty-eight patients receiving clozapine, 29 patients receiving olanzapine, and 18 patients receiving risperidone (all meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, schizophreni-form disorder, or schizoaffective disorder) were studied. The median daily dose was 400 mg of clozapine, 10 mg of olanzapine, and 3 mg of risperidone. Fasting morning blood samples were analyzed for PRL, and the occurrence of hyper-prolactinemic symptoms in the patients was evaluated. RESULTS: Elevated PRL levels were found in 16 (89%) of the patients receiving risperidone and in 7 (24%) of the patients receiving olanzapine, but in none of the patients receiving clozapine. In addition, there was a significant difference in median PRL level among the treatment groups (p < .0001), in that the PRL level was higher both in the patients treated with risperidone and in the patients treated with olanzapine, compared to those treated with clozapine. Moreover, hyperpro-lactinemic symptoms-menstrual disturbances, galactorrhea, impotence, oligospermia, and decreased libido-were reported in 8 (44%) of the risperidone-treated patients and in 1 (3%) of the olanzapine-treated patients, but in none of the clozapine-treated patients. CONCLUSION: Treatment with risperidone was frequently associated with hyperprolactinemia and related symptoms, whereas the occurrence of PRL elevation and related symptoms was modest in patients receiving olanzapine and nonexistent in those receiving clozapine. Thus, atypical anti-psychotics in therapeutic doses differ with regard to effect on PRL secretion.     

齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者体质量、血糖和泌乳素的影响

目的探讨齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者体质量、血糖和泌乳素的影响。方法用随机方法将100例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版（CCMD--3）的精神分裂症患者分成齐拉西酮组和氯氮平组,治疗12周。用全自动生化分析仪测定血糖,放射免疫法测定泌乳素。测定方法：于疗前和疗后4,8,12周测量体质量、血糖和泌乳素。结果治疗前后齐拉西酮组体质量、血糖和泌乳素水平无明显变化,而氯氮平组有显著性差异;且同期比较,氯氮平组与齐拉西酮组的体质量、血糖和泌乳素水平也有显著性差异（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者的体质量、血糖和泌乳素影响较小。     

Elevation of prolactin levels by atypical antipsychotics.

OBJECTIVE: Atypical antipsychotics are thought not to elevate prolactin levels. The authors examined data suggesting that atypical antipsychotics do elevate prolactin levels but more transiently than typical antipsychotics. METHOD: Prolactin levels in 18 male patients with schizophrenia who were receiving atypical antipsychotics were monitored over the 24-hour period following administration of their daily oral dose of risperidone, olanzapine, or clozapine. RESULTS: The baseline prolactin levels in patients receiving risperidone (mean=27 ng/ml, SD=14) were abnormally high, but baseline prolactin levels in patients receiving olanzapine (mean=9 ng/ml, SD=5) and clozapine (mean=9 ng/ml, SD=5) were not high. All three atypical antipsychotics caused a doubling of prolactin levels over baseline levels 6 hours after medication administration. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that these atypical antipsychotics raise prolactin levels, although the increases with olanzapine did not reach statistical significance. This suggests that the differences in the effects on prolactin levels of atypical and typical antipsychotics are not categorical but lie in the degree and duration of dose-induced prolactin elevation, attributable to the differential binding properties of each drug on pituitary dopamine D(2) receptors.     

维思通与氯氮平治疗精神分裂症对照分析

用维思通治疗精神分裂症３３例，与用氯氮平治疗的３１例进行对照研究。两组以阴性症状量表（ＳＡＮＳ），阳性症状量表（ＳＡＰＳ），简明精神病量表（ＢＰＲＳ）和副反应量表进行盲式评分。结果显示：虽然氯氮平对治疗阴性阳性症状均有较好疗效，但维思通更明显优于氯氮平，且副作用较小。本文对维思通的疗效，临床应用，副作用，作用机理进行了讨论。     

利培酮及氯氮平对治疗精神分裂症患者血清Leptin浓度影响的初步研究

目的探索精神分裂症患者服用氯氮平或利培酮后血清Leptin浓度的变化及其与体重变化的关系.方法(1)用放射免疫分析法测定这两组患者血清Leptin的基线、服药1月、服药2月的浓度.(2)测量两组患者的基线及服药后1月、2月体重.结果(1)两组患者血清Leptin水平在服药1月后均有显著性增高,服药1月和服药2月后Leptin水平变化差异不显著.(2)两组患者的体重指数在服药后也均有显著增加.(3)氯氮平与利培酮两种药物引起Leptin浓度变化和体重指数无显著性差异.结论服用利培酮及氯氮平1月内患者血清中的Leptin水平呈现显著性增高,之后趋于平缓.