银杏叶提取物的药物相互作用

目的本文旨在对银杏叶提取物(ginkgo biloba extract,GBE)相互作用机理进行系统、深入地分析,阐明易发生相互作用的银杏叶提取物中单体成分,为临床银杏叶提取物合并用药提供依据,同时为其他含有这些单体成分的中药相互作用研究提供理论依据。方法结合相关文献38篇,对目前银杏叶提取物及其单体成分药物相互作用机理进行深入总结。结果与结论银杏叶提取物是治疗心血管类疾病的常用药物,常与抗血小板、镇静、降压、降脂类等药物联合应用。银杏及其单体成分槲皮素、山柰酚及异鼠李素等黄酮类成分对CYP3A4、CYP2C9、CYP2B6等具有抑制作用,而其单体成分银杏内酯A、B及白果内酯等内酯类成分对CYP1A2、CYP2B1/2、CYP3A2、CYP2C19、UGT1A1等又具有诱导作用,且为P-糖蛋白底物,与药物合用易引发药物相互作用,且作用复杂,因此需引起广泛重视。     

HPLC法测定维力胶囊中银杏总黄酮醇苷的含量

维力胶囊是由葡萄籽提取物、银杏叶提取物、牛磺酸及维生素B_1、B_2、B_6、V_C、V_E等组成。其功能为清除自由基、扩张心脑血管、增加血流量、抑制血小板聚集、保护神经髓鞘质完整性。主要功效为抗疲劳、改善记忆、增强机体活力。 银杏叶提取物作为维力胶囊的组分,其功效成分为黄酮醇类化合物和萜内酯类化合物。本文采用     

银杏叶提取物对脑组织及脑神经细胞活性的保护机制研究

现今银杏叶提取物在人体很多系统上的效应都已证实,在此篇综述之中,我们就其对脑细胞及神经的效应来做综述。电脑搜索Medlinc:数据库2000-01/2015-2时间内的有关资料,检索词为"Ginkgo biloba extract'",英文;同时计算机搜索中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据2000-01/2015-2时间段的有关资料,检索词为"银杏叶提取物",中文。检索得到69篇和银杏叶提取物作用于脑细胞和神经细胞的文章,包括银杏叶提取物对脑组织以及神经的药理学作用机制、临床上的使用以及起作用的部分,在脑缺血缺氧时的作用,水肿缓解以及大脑记忆力恢复、帕金森病相关治疗预防等的有关文章25篇,排除资料44篇。①银杏叶提取物对脑血栓的保护性作用;②银杏叶提取物对脑缺血缺氧、水肿的保护作用;③银杏叶提取物对大脑记忆力的影响;④银杏叶提取物对帕金森病的防治作用;⑤银杏叶提取物对脑神经的保护作用。银杏叶提取物在修复损伤脑细胞活力和功能,缓解局部微循环,纺织某些脑部疾患上具有一定的效果。     

银杏叶保健茶毒性评价及其抗突变性

银杏叶保健茶毒性评价及其抗突变性赵文秦淑贞边庆荣蒋东升马晓彤（河北省卫生防疫站，保定０７１０００）银杏叶保健茶是一种以银杏叶为主要原料加工制成的新型饮品．据医书记载，银杏叶的提取物有解痉，降低血清胆固醇及治疗心绞痛等功效，但将其作为食品进行开发目前尚...     

银杏总黄酮与银杏总内酯对亚急性期卒中小鼠神经功能恢复促进作用的比较研究

舒血宁注射液作为一种银杏叶提取物制剂,在脑卒中急性期和亚急性期防治上表现出独特优势,但其主要活性部位尚不明晰。本研究旨在基于前期构建的小鼠脑卒中亚急性期模型,进一步探讨舒血宁的两个主要组分银杏总黄酮和银杏总内酯对促进脑卒中小鼠神经功能恢复的贡献度及作用机制。主要通过神经及行为学变化、脑梗死体积、血脑屏障渗透和脑水肿进行药效评价,结合转录组和网络药理学进行通路和靶标预测,最后在mRNA和蛋白水平进行机制验证。结果显示,在药效评价和粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,GCSF)、巨噬细胞分化抗原1(macrophage-1 antigen,MAC-1)和E选择素参与的粒细胞黏附与浸润的调节机制中,银杏总内酯的作用均优于银杏总黄酮,提示舒血宁注射液可能主要通过银杏总内酯组分下调G-CSF介导的粒细胞黏附与浸润通路来改善亚急性期卒中小鼠的预后。这一发现有望为优化处方和寻找靶向治疗缺血性脑卒中预后的天然药物提供参考。本研究动物实验过程遵循天津中医药大学动物伦理委员会的规定。     

银杏总黄酮和银杏内酯对血管平滑肌细胞增殖的差异抑制作用及机制初探

目的研究银杏叶提取物中主要有效成分,银杏总黄酮和银杏内酯对血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)刺激的血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)增殖的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法 (1)分离和培养原代胸主动脉平滑肌细胞作为实验材料。(2)PDGF-BB处理造模,分别采用不同浓度的银杏黄酮或银杏内酯与PDGF-BB共孵育,高内涵成像系统定量统计VSMC细胞增殖情况。(3)以流式细胞术从细胞周期方面探讨银杏叶提取物抑制细胞增殖的可能机制。结果 (1)培养出活性好、纯度高的原代VSMC。(2)与模型组比较,银杏黄酮能够显著抑制VSMC增殖,且呈一定的时间浓度依赖性。银杏内酯与模型组相比差异无统计学意义。(3)流式结果表明银杏黄酮通过阻滞细胞周期抑制VSMC增殖。结论银杏黄酮和银杏内酯差异性抑制PDGF-BB诱导的平滑肌细胞增殖,且这种抑制作用与阻滞细胞周期相关,选择性使用银杏叶提取物中的银杏黄酮可能对心血管和脑血管疾病的治疗提供更好的指导作用。     

广州地区2001-2003年心血管药物利用研究

目的调查研究广州地区医院心血管药物利用情况。方法采用DDDs分析法和金额排序，对2001-2003年广州地区医院心血管药物购药数据进行统计、分析。结果3年问心血管药物购药金额呈上升趋势；用药频率最大的为国产药银杏叶提取物、合资药美托洛尔。购药金额最大的为国产药银杏叶提取物、合资药氨氯地平。结论广州地区医院心血管药物使用频率高的药物比较集中。     

银杏叶提取物对中枢神经细胞的影响及可能机制

<正>银杏叶提取物(EGb)主要成分黄酮苷、萜烯内酯和单体内酯等对心血管系统,脑循环,血液及神经等方面作用机制和疗效已基本肯定,具有清除自由基、抑制血小板活     

银杏叶提取物的制备工艺优化及质量控制

摘要：目的:优化中药银杏叶提取物的制备工艺及质量控制方法。方法:采用HPLC技术建立银杏叶提取物中总黄酮醇苷和总银杏酸的含量测定方法,以总黄酮醇苷转移率为指标,采用正交试验优化银杏叶提取物的乙醇回流提取工艺,并以总黄酮醇苷的含量和总银杏酸限量为指标成分,建立该银杏叶提取物的质量控制方法。结果:银杏叶提取物的最佳提取工艺为称取银杏叶药材细粉,采用药材质量8倍量的70%乙醇回流提取3次,每次2 h,合并提取液,过滤,回收乙醇,真空干燥,即得银杏叶提取物。制备的3批银杏叶提取物中总黄酮醇苷含量不低于100 mg·g-1,总银杏酸不高于10μg·g-1。结论:本文所建立中药银杏叶提取物的制备工艺简单而稳定,所建立的质量控制方法可有效用于银杏叶提取物的制备过程中的质量控制,保障所制备的银杏叶提取物质量稳定一致。     

银杏叶提取物对神经退行性疾病的作用机制及研究进展

随着人口老龄化的加快,神经退行性疾病的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势。神经退行性疾病具有病因复杂、病程长、难治愈等特点,目前银杏叶提取物的神经保护作用已被广泛认可,但其有效成分及其具体作用机制尚未明确。本文将根据神经退行性疾病的发病机制来探讨银杏叶提取物对神经的保护作用,主要从其改善Aβ聚集、抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡、保护线粒体、调节能量代谢等角度来研究其治疗神经退行性疾病的机制。     

银杏叶提取物用于治疗神经系统疾病的研究进展

目的：为进一步研究银杏叶提取物用于治疗神经系统疾病提供参考。方法：查阅近年来国内外有关银杏叶提取物治疗神经系统疾病的文献,对研究结果及作用机制进行分析。结果：银杏叶提取物治疗急性脑梗死、蛛网膜下腔出血、帕金森病和周围神经病时具有清除氧自由基、抗血小板和扩张脑部血管等作用且不良反应少,但对阿尔茨海默病的治疗价值尚存争议。结论：银杏叶提取物治疗多种神经系统疾病的效果较好,但用于阿尔茨海默病治疗尚需进一步研究。     

银杏叶提取物对实验性缺血再灌脑损伤的磁共振波谱分析

目的探讨银杏叶提取物对活体实验性脑梗死大鼠脑组织氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)及乳酸(Lac)等代谢产物的影响。方法采用磁共振波谱技术,观察各实验组缺血再灌后鼠脑组织NAA及Lac等代谢产物变化进行观察和比较。结果在缺血60m in再灌注1,3,6h银杏叶提取物均能有效减少脑缺血后Lac/(PCr Cr)比值的上升和NAA/(PCr Cr)比值的下降,与缺血/再灌组比较差异显著(P<0.01)。结论血小板活化因子受体拮抗剂银杏叶提取物具有显著的缺血后脑保护作用。     

银杏叶提取物对神经系统损伤的保护作用

银杏叶提取物(EGb761)是一种具有多种生物活性的中药制剂,研究表明EGBb761中的黄酮类单体皆有高效的抗自由基的作用,内酯部分在保护细胞免受损伤等方面也起重要作用,该文就EGb761对神经系统损伤保护作用作一综述.     

中药色谱指纹图谱潜信息特征判据研究

目的对中药色谱指纹图谱潜信息特征进行判据研究，用F和I等37个指标揭示色谱指纹图谱的潜信息特征。方法用银杏叶提取物(GBE)、银杏达莫注射液(GLEDI)和苦碟子(ISH)与苦碟子注射液(ISHI)的HPLC指纹图谱进行比较研究。结果从积分信号强度、信号均化程度、分离度、指纹信息量等多方面综合评价出GBE指纹图谱好于GLEDI，ISH指纹图谱好于ISHI，GBE与ISH指纹图谱基本相当。结论F和I等37个指标可客观、真实、全面地揭示中药指纹图谱的潜信息特征。     

Identification of kaempferol as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and potential Neuroprotectant in extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves

The effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on rat brain or livermonoamine oxidase (MAO)-A and -B activity, biogenic amine concentration in nervous tissue, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)- and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4)-induced neurotoxicity and antioxidant activity was investigated to determine the effects of the extract on monoamine catabolism and neuroprotection. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract was shown to produce in-vitro inhibition of rat brain MAO-A and -B. The Ginkgo biloba extract was chromatographed on a reverse-phase HPLC system and two of the components isolated were shown to be MAO inhibitors (MAOIs). These MAOIs were identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry as kaempferol and isorhamnetin. Pure kaempferol and a number of related flavonoids were examined as MAOIs in-vitro. Kaempferol, apigenin and chrysin proved to be potent MAOIs, but produced more pronounced inhibition of MAO-A than MAO-B. IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) values for the ability of these three flavones to inhibit MAO-A were 7 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-6) and 2 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and kaempferol were found to have no effect ex-vivo on rat or mouse brain MAO or on concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. Kaempferol was shown to protect against NMDA-induced neuronal toxicity in-vitro in rat cortical cultures, but did not prevent DSP-4-induced noradrenergic neurotoxicity in an in-vivo model. Both Ginkgo biloba extract and kaempferol were demonstrated to be antioxidants in a lipid-peroxidation assay. This data indicates that the MAO-inhibiting activity of Ginkgo biloba extract is primarily due to the presence of kaempferol. Ginkgo biloba extract has properties indicative of potential neuroprotective ability.     

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on memory deficits in radial maze performance induced by some drugs in rats]

Ginkgo biloba extract is widely used as a herbal medicine or dietary supplement in Europe, since Ginkgo biloba extract is effective in facilitation of learning and recollection of memories. However, little is known about the mechanism of the action of Ginkgo biloba extract on learning and memory enhancements. On the other hand, it is well known that cholinergic, histaminergic and glutamatergic systems play a crucial role in learning and memory in animals. Therefore, in order to elucidate the mechanism of Ginkgo biloba extract on memory, we studied and clarified the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on spatial memory deficits induced by scopolamine, diphenhydramine or MK-801 using eight-arm radial maze performance. It was found that Ginkgo biloba extract improved the spatial memory deficits induced by scopolamine. Ginkgo biloba extract also caused repair to spatial memory deficits induced by diphenhydramine. On the other hand, no significant effect was observed with MK-801-induced spatial memory deficits. These findings suggest that the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract is mediated not only by the cholinergic system but also by the histaminergic system to induce learning and memory enhancements.     

自制复方中药提取物对动物心肌梗死及耐缺氧的作用研究

目的 研究自制复方中药提取物对心肌梗死及耐缺氧的作用.方法 以小鼠、家兔为试验对象,给以银杏叶、人参、川芎、五味子提取物自制的复方中药,检测其对小鼠常压耐氧时间的影响,以及对家兔冠状动脉结扎致心肌梗死的影响.结果 常压耐缺氧条件下,以银杏叶、人参、川芎、五味子提取物制成的中成药能明显延长小鼠耐缺氧时间,并对家兔冠状动脉结扎所致心肌缺血有明显保护作用,使心肌梗死程度减轻,抑制急性心肌缺血所致ST段抬高.结论 该复方中药提取物能明显改善动物的心肌梗死及机体耐氧能力.     

静脉给药联合中药饮片治疗突发性耳聋的回顾性总结及评估

目的探讨突发性耳聋药物联合应用有效治疗方案对其预后疗效的评估。方法采用国际通用的标准化,临床研究方法,对近3年来本院耳鼻喉科收治的突发性耳聋病例进行整理并回顾性研究。范围为2010年1月至2013年6月间仅在本科室收治的突发性耳聋患者33例,包含门诊治疗病例,治疗方案为银杏叶提取物（金纳多）＋糖皮质激素联合治疗,另在以上方案中加用中药饮片,根据用药时间和饮片的是否加入随机分成两组进行统计分析。结果两组治疗方案疗效总有效率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,对耳部伴随症状总有效率疗效无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。两组治疗方案就其结果而言不分伯仲。结论突发性耳聋的治疗还是应以激素并联合用药为主要选择,在积极改善血液流变学的基础上,合理控制糖皮质激素用量、用药时间。积极应用中医辨证施治。     

Clinical use and molecular mechanisms of action of extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves in cardiovascular diseases

Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest living tree species that has been referred to as a living fossil. Extract from Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBE) is among the most commonly used herbal drugs and is popularized for its alleged tonic effect and possible curative and restorative properties. There is an increasing evidence of the potential role of GBE in treating cardiovascular diseases. We examined the history of GBE usage and reviewed the literature on its effects on the cardiovascular system. In the extensive studies involving cell cultures and animal models, GBE has been shown to exert its action through diverse mechanisms. GBE has been reported to have antioxidatant properties, to modify vasomotor function, to reduce adhesion of blood cells to endothelium, to inhibit activation of platelets and smooth muscle cells, to affect ion channels, and to alter signal transduction. In addition, relevant clinical trials with CBE are being carried out, particularly in the treatment of arterial and venous insufficiency and in the prevention of thrombosis. Finally, the controversial clinical findings and the possible adverse interactions between GBE and other drugs are discussed. This review underscores the potential benefits of Ginkgo biloba in cardiovascular diseases, highlights the gaps in our current research, and suggests the necessity for more rigorous systematic investigation of cardiovascular properties of CBE.