维生素C对TNT接触者尿中TNT及DNAT含量的影响

采用乙醇－氢氧化钾法、重氮－偶联比色法分别测定了25名某化工厂TNT作业人在服用维生素C前后尿中TNT、DNAT的含量。结果显示,服用维生素C后尿中TNT含量呈增加的趋势;尿中DNAT的含量呈降低的趋势。     

职业接触三硝基甲苯尿中TNT原形及其代谢物排出动态观察

本文观察了职业接触TNT工人尿中TNT及其代谢物DNAT的排出动态。结果表明，工人班后尿中TNT和DNAT排出量达高峰，脱离接触后明显下降。TNT排期为7.37－7.51小时，DNAT为11.18-15.94小时，车间空气中TNT粉尘浓度较低，与班后尿中TNT和DNAT排出量无明显相关。皮肤污染是TNT进入人体的主要途径。建议进一步研究职业接触TNT的生物监测指标，全面评价TNT的职业危害。     

三硝基甲苯接触者尿中4项指标的检测分析

以兰州市某化工厂从事 TNT作业的 5 1名工人为接触组 ,不接触 TNT的 11名大学生为对照组进行分析。接触组尿中 TNT及 DNAT的含量均随车间空气中 TNT浓度的增高呈上升的趋势 (r TNT =0 .84 0 6 ,r DNNT=0 .812 4 ) ,并且尿中 DNAT的含量随接触工龄的延长也明显增加 (r=0 .9870 ,P <0 .0 5 )。认为尿中 DNAT含量的检测 ,更适合作为职业接触生物监测指标     

临沂市某企业三硝基甲苯作业工人职业健康检查结果

目的了解三硝基甲苯（TNT）对作业工人健康的影响情况。方法对临沂市某企业285名TNT作业工人进行职业健康检查,并对结果进行分析。结果该次职业健康检查发现眼晶体混浊检出率为6．67％,肝肿大检出率为11．93％,丙氨酸转氨酶活力升高,检出率为15．44％,乙型肝炎表面抗原阳性检出率为16．14％。异常心电图以窦性心动过缓、窦性心律不齐为主,以上与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意3L（P〈O．05）。结论眼晶体混浊、心律异常和肝脏损害是TNT作业工人的主要健康危害。     

汞作业工人尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性测定

目的 探讨汞接触工人尿N－乙酰－β－D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）活性。方法 对某灯泡厂接触不同浓度汞的77名工人进行尿NAG活性测定。并对车间空气汞浓度，尿汞含量，汞作业工龄的关系进行相关分析。结果 接汞组尿NAG活性明显高于对照组（P＜0．005）。尿NAG活性随环境空气汞浓度的增高而逐渐升高，并具有明显的剂量反应关系。但汞作业工龄与NAG之间无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论 在低浓度汞接触时，NAG活性增高较尿汞异常出现得早。建议将尿NAG活性作为汞接触人群健康监护指标之一，在职业健康监护体检中与尿汞同时进行检测。     

三硝基甲苯作业工人职业健康教育效果分析

目的了解三硝基甲苯作业工人职业健康教育效果。方法针对三硝基甲苯皮肤污染为主要途径这一特点,对某兵工企业326名三硝基甲苯作业工人实施专门的职业健康教育方案,追踪5年,从工人对三硝基甲苯危害知识掌握程度、日常行为改善情况、下班洗浴后皮肤TNT阳性检出情况、尿中DNAT水平等方面评价实施效果,探索防治TNT危害发生的职业健康教育模式。结果健康教育后,接受教育的人员TNT危害知识,操作规程知识,个人防护知识较健康教育前有明显提高（P〈0.01）日常行为普遍明显改善。皮肤TNT阳性检出率明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,尿中NDAT水平显著降低（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论对三硝基甲苯作业工人职业健康教育效果明显。     

职业性接触三硝基甲苯对血清α-L-岩藻糖苷酶活性的影响

对TNT作业工人血清α－L－岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）活性进行了调查,发现其血清AFU活性高于对照组,其中工龄满10年以上者血清AFU活性随工龄的延长而增加,具有时间－效应关系。     

尿2－硫代噻唑烷－4－羧酸用于二硫化碳作业工人生物监测研究

本文应用高效液相色谱法对ＣＳ＿２作业工人班前、班后尿及对照组尿２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）进行了测定。结果发现ＣＳ＿２作业工人班后尿ＴＴＣＡ明显高于对照组，有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＳ＿２作业工人班后尿ＴＴＣＡ明显高于工作班前，亦有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。高浓度接触组工人尿ＴＴＣＡ高于低浓度接触组工人尿ＴＴＣＡ，说明作业工人ＣＳ＿２的接触量与尿ＴＴＣＡ含量之间有相关性。作者认为汞ＴＴＣＡ可用于二硫化碳接触的生物监测。     

粘胶工人尿2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸浓度与神经传导速度的相关性研究

目的 探讨尿中－2硫代噻唑烷－4－羟酸（TTCA）含量作为内暴露指标在我国二硫化碳（CS2）接触工人神经系统功能职业健康监护方面的实际应用价值。方法 应用高效液相色谱法测定工人8h班末尿TTCA含量,选取尿中TTCA＜5mg/gCr者作为研究对象;应用常规方法测定工人腓总神经和腓肠神经传导速度及腓总神经F波最短潜伏期;用SAS软件包进行多元回归统计分析。结果 暴露组与对照组比较,工人神经传导速度的相关指标存在组间差异：暴露组运动神经元端及近端动作电位波幅降低（偏回归系数分别为－1．0985、－0．9557）,F波最短潜伏期延长（偏回归系数为1．6830）。结论 就周围神经系统功能而言,尿TTCA含量作为我国CS2接触工人的一项敏感的内暴露指标。     

186名三硝基甲苯作业工人心电图调查分析

[目的]三碚差甲苯（TNT）对作业工人健康的影响。[方法]对186名TNT作业工人进行了进行了心电图（ECG）检查,并与对照组比较.[结果]TNT组ECG异常率为39%,对照组仅14%,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,不同眼晶体损害程度之间与ECG异常差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.[结论]TNT作业工人的ECG异常率随眼晶体损害程度及工龄的增加而增加.     

TNT接触对神经行为功能影响的研究

目的 为探讨ＴＮＴ接触对神经行为功能的影响。方法 采用ＷＨＯ神经行为核心测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ）并结合因子分析方法研究ＴＮＴ接触对神经行为的功能的影响,ＴＮＴ接触工人共５９名,平均尿ＤＮＡＴ浓度为２．７７ｍｇ／Ｌ对照工人共５３名,平均尿ＤＮＡＴ浓度为０．６３ｍｇ／Ｌ,结果 ＴＮＴ接触对工人的记忆力及心理运动有影响,尿ＤＮＡＴ水平与第三因子得分存在剂量－反应关系。结论 提示ＴＮＴ对心理运动稳定度的影响有     

Trinitrotoluene: assessment of occupational absorption during manufacture of explosives

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) absorption was assessed in groups of workers at two explosives factories by measuring the urinary concentrations of dinitroaminotoluene (DNAT) metabolites. DNAT was detected in most of the urine samples analysed and for postshift samples the mean (SD) concentration was 9.7 (7.9) mg/l (range 0.1-44 mg/l (n = 219)). Individual workers showed substantial day to day variations in DNAT concentrations in postshift urine samples, but on a group basis the concentrations remained fairly constant throughout the working week. Preshift urine samples taken at the beginning of a working week showed low concentrations of DNAT which initially suggested that the elimination of TNT metabolites is fairly rapid. A survey carried out of preshift and postshift urine samples collected from a group of workers for a full working week showed wide variations in the rate of clearance of TNT metabolites from the body and in some cases higher concentrations of metabolites were seen in the samples taken the morning after exposure. When urine samples were collected from the same group of workers after 17 days away from the workplace DNAT was still detectable in samples from eight of the nine subjects, indicating that a proportion of TNT or its metabolites is slowly excreted. When five subjects were monitored more intensively during two workshifts TNT was shown to be absorbed rapidly during the exposure period. In most cases the highest concentrations were seen in the postshift urine samples but significant proportions were still present in samples taken the morning after exposure. Atmospheric levels of TNT were found to be too low to account for the observed excretion of DNAT and dermal uptake rather than inhalation appears to be the major route of absorption.     

Trinitrotoluene: assessment of occupational absorption during manufacture of explosives.

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) absorption was assessed in groups of workers at two explosives factories by measuring the urinary concentrations of dinitroaminotoluene (DNAT) metabolites. DNAT was detected in most of the urine samples analysed and for postshift samples the mean (SD) concentration was 9.7 (7.9) mg/l (range 0.1-44 mg/l (n = 219)). Individual workers showed substantial day to day variations in DNAT concentrations in postshift urine samples, but on a group basis the concentrations remained fairly constant throughout the working week. Preshift urine samples taken at the beginning of a working week showed low concentrations of DNAT which initially suggested that the elimination of TNT metabolites is fairly rapid. A survey carried out of preshift and postshift urine samples collected from a group of workers for a full working week showed wide variations in the rate of clearance of TNT metabolites from the body and in some cases higher concentrations of metabolites were seen in the samples taken the morning after exposure. When urine samples were collected from the same group of workers after 17 days away from the workplace DNAT was still detectable in samples from eight of the nine subjects, indicating that a proportion of TNT or its metabolites is slowly excreted. When five subjects were monitored more intensively during two workshifts TNT was shown to be absorbed rapidly during the exposure period. In most cases the highest concentrations were seen in the postshift urine samples but significant proportions were still present in samples taken the morning after exposure. Atmospheric levels of TNT were found to be too low to account for the observed excretion of DNAT and dermal uptake rather than inhalation appears to be the major route of absorption.     

接触低浓度TNT工人的神经行为改变及生物学监测

目的探讨长期接触低浓度ＴＮＴ的神经行为学效应及生物学监测指标。方法应用ＷＨＯ－ＮＣＴＢ测定接触ＴＮＴ工人的早期神经行为改变并收集工人班末尿,测定尿中２,６－二硝基－４－氨基甲苯（ＤＮＡＴ）的含量。结果（１）长期接触低浓度ＴＮＴ可影响神经行为。主要表现为惰性情绪增加,记忆及运动稳定性降低。（２）尿ＤＮＡＴ含量明显增加,与ＮＣＴＢ得分存在一定接触－效应关系。结论神经行为学测试可作为检测ＴＮＴ接触工人早期影响的检测指标。ＮＣＴＢ得分与尿ＤＮＡＴ含量间具有较好相关性,尿ＤＮＡＴ含量可以反映工人的接触水平     

TNT灌胃在恒河猴体内的毒物代谢动力学研究

用120mg/kgTNT给恒河猴一次灌胃染毒,血中TNT、DNAT和MHb的浓度—时间曲线均符合单室模型。TNT和DNAT均呈现吸收较快、消除较慢的特点。血中峰浓度和曲线下面积,DNAT均为TNT的37倍,全血廓清率DNAT为TNT的1/40,表观分布容积DNAT为TNT的1/50。椐主要动力参数比较,DNAT比TNT更接近MHb。结果表明,DNAT可用于TNT接触的生物监测。     

TNT作业工人尿中TNT及其代谢物含量的研究

寻找职业接触ＴＮＴ敏感、特异的生物监测指标及制订生物接触限值（ＢＥＬ）。方法对车间空气中ＴＮＴ浓度与接触者尿中ＴＮＴ、代谢物４氨基２,６二硝基甲苯（４Ａ）和２氨基４,６二硝基甲苯（２Ａ）含量的相关性进行了分析。结果尿中ＴＮＴ及其代谢物含量与空气中ＴＮＴ浓度显著相关,尤其是４Ａ和２Ａ。班后与班前比较,尿中４Ａ含量班后显著高于班前。结论班后尿中４Ａ含量是职业接触ＴＮＴ生物监测的敏感指标。     

TNT作业工人和慢性乙型肝炎患者血糖和血清胆酸含量的变化

目的：探讨TNT作业工人早期肝损害健康监护指标。方法：对山东某TNT炸药厂进行劳动卫生学调查,并分析TNT作业工人与慢性乙 型肝炎患血糖和血清胆酸含量的变化。结果：车间空气TNT平均浓度超过国家最高容许浓度（MAC＝1mg/m^3）,TNT作业工人皮肤TNT污染严重。TNT接触组血糖、血清总胆固醇和胆酸含量显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。慢性乙型肝炎组血糖和胆酸含量显高于对照组（P＜0．01）,其血清总胆固醇含量接近对照组水平。结论：建议血糖及血清胆酸含量的变化可作为TNT作业工人早期肝损伤健康监护指标。     

合肥市某化工企业三硝基甲苯作业工人健康状况调查

目的了解三硝基甲苯(TNT)作业对工人健康的影响。方法对某化工企业102名TNT作业工人(接触组)和92名某工厂不接触TNT的人(对照组)进行健康检查。结果接触组晶状体混浊发生率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),并随工龄的增加而上升;接触组血清丙氨酸转氨酶和天冬氨酸转氨酶较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);心电图结果也显示TNT对心脏有一定损害。结论在目前生产条件下,TNT对作业工人的危害以慢性损害为主。