Case Report: Primary splenic non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C

A case of primary splenic lymphoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C is reported. A 69-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C was admitted to Fukuoka City Hospital for evaluation of an enlarging splenic tumour. In the spleen, ultrasonographic examination revealed a hypoechoic tumour and computed tomography demonstrated a non-enhancing low density area measuring 7 cm in diameter; coeliac angiography revealed a hypovascular tumour. Gallium scintigraphy showed uptake of the radioisotope in the splenic tumour. A splenectomy was performed and the morphological and immunohistochemical findings of this tumour were compatible with those of non-Hodgin's B cell lymphoma. Recently, cases of malignant B cell lymphoma associated with hepatitis C virus infection have been reported. Lymphotropism of hepatitis C virus may play a pathological role in the development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We emphasize the importance of considering lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of extrahepatic disorders during the course of chronic hepatitis C virus infections.     

CASE REPORT: A patient who developed an amoebic liver abscess during treatment with interferon

A 65-year-old female received recombinant interferon (IFN) α-2b daily for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Fever (39°C or higher) developed 14 days after the start of administration. Abdominal computed tomography suggested multiple liver abscesses, which had not been detected before IFN administration. An autopsy revealed an amoebic liver abscess. A subclinical infection of Entamoeba histolytica in this case developed into amoebic liver abscess during IFN administration.     

Primary hepatic lymphoma in a patient with chronic hepatitis C

The case is presented of a woman with chronic active hepatitis C who developed primary hepatic lymphoma. The possible roles of viral hepatitis and therapeutic interferon in the pathogenesis and progression of this unusual maligancy are discussed. In addition, the importance of accurate tissue diagnosis to identify potentially treatable hepatic tumours is emphasized.     

FibroScan诊断不同类型慢性肝病肝纤维化的效果比较

目的比较Fibro Scan诊断不同类型慢性肝病肝纤维化的异同性。方法收集2012年10月-2015年1月就诊于北京大学第一医院的516例慢性肝病患者的临床资料,按照病因分为慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)组(n=305)、慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)组(n=117)及原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)组(n=94),记录所有患者血常规、肝功能、肝脏弹性(FS)值以及腹部B超检查结果。按照FS值7.3 k Pa、7.3 k Pa≤FS值15 k Pa、FS值≥15 k Pa将每组患者分为不同的FS等级。计量资料和计数资料多组间比较采用KruskalWallis H检验,两组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;FS值与年龄、性别、BMI、血常规、肝功能、超声各指标的相关性采用多重线性回归方法进行分析。结果 CHB组患者FS值的独立影响因素为性别、血红蛋白、AST、白蛋白、ALP、TBil、BMI、门静脉内径、腹水(P值均0.05);CHC组患者FS值的独立影响因素为血小板、ALT、ALP、GGT、总胆汁酸、肝表面光滑度、脾静脉内径、腹水(P值均0.05);PBC组患者FS值的独立影响因素为TBil、总胆汁酸、腹水(P值均0.05)。CHB和CHC患者不同FS值等级组间绝大多数检测指标的差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);PBC组中FS值7.3 k Pa与7.3 k Pa≤FS值15 k Pa组间仅有ALT(Z=-2.121,P=0.034)、AST(Z=-3.027,P=0.002)、脾长度(Z=-2.496,P=0.013)差异有统计学意义;7.3 k Pa≤FS值15 k Pa与FS值≥15 k Pa组间血小板(Z=-2.289,P=0.022)、白蛋白(Z=-2.185,P=0.029)、TBil(Z=-2.642,P=0.008)、脾厚度(Z=-3.317,P=0.001)、脾长度(Z=-2.010,P=0.044)、脾静脉内径(Z=-2.296,P=0.022)差异有统计学意义。结论不同病因影响FS值的关键因素有所不同,总胆汁酸、TBil是PBC患者FS值的重要影响因素,而肝功能状态对CHB和CHC患者FS值的影响更为显著,提示Fibro Scan诊断肝纤维化的阈值设定要根据不同病因病种而异。     

他汀类药物在慢性肝病中的应用

对他汀类药物的肝脏安全性及其在慢性肝病中的应用进行评述,包括肝脏病专家对他汀类药物治疗血脂紊乱的肝脏安全性评估意见,以及肝脏转氨酶持续异常、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、慢性丙型肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、原发性肝细胞癌及肝移植患者使用他汀的效果和安全性.     

CASE REPORT: Alanine aminotransferase deficiency detected in a patient with chronic hepatitis C

We report a case of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) deficiency in a 68-year-old Japanese female with chronic hepatitis C. The serum was positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HCV-RNA. Liver biopsy showed histological evidence of chronic active hepatitis. The level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (sAST) was elevated, but sALT was extremely low. The patient was followed up for her serum aminotransferase levels for 1.5 years under the treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. The low sALT level persisted during all the follow-up period. The ALT activity in liver tissue was also decreased. Based on these findings, ALT deficiency was suspected. sALT activity was also found to be low in her two sons. This latter finding suggests the hereditary character of this abnormality.     

Acute hepatic failure due to hepatosplenic B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient infected with hepatitis C virus

We report a 75-year-old Japanese man infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who died of acute hepatic failure due to the hepatic infiltration of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cells. He suddenly developed jaundice, fatigue, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly during the course of chronic infection with HCV. Postmortem liver necropsy revealed extensive infiltration of lymphoma cells into the liver. Although the association between HCV infection and NHL has recently become a matter of concern, we believe this to be the first reported case of acute hepatic failure caused by hepatic involvement of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an HCV-infected patient. (Received Jan. 12, 1998; accepted June 26, 1998)     

Excellent prognosis and prevalence of HCV infection of primary hepatic and splenic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Background: Primary Hepatic (PHL) and Primary Splenic (PSL) non‐Hodgkin’s Lymphoma are rare entities. Small series of PHL and PSL have been reported, suggesting a non‐fortuitous association with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection. The prognosis is believed to be dismal, with early recurrence and short survival. Patients: We retrospectively reviewed all PHL and PSL patients diagnosed at our institution between 1990 and 2005. Results: Twenty‐five adult patients were identified, six with PHL and 19 with PSL. Twenty‐four patients had a B‐cell lymphoma, defined as Diffuse Large B‐cell lymphoma in 18. The prevalence of HCV infection was 68% among PSL and 66% among PHL. Combination chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment for PHL and PSL; all but one patient with PSL underwent splenectomy before chemotherapy. Complete remission was achieved in all the cases after frontline therapy; only four patients relapsed but responded to additional chemotherapy courses. Most patients presented with aggressive histological subtypes; 92% were alive at a median follow up of 79 months. HCV infection did not appear to influence the results of therapy. Conclusion: Our study confirms the rarity of PHL and PSL, shows a high prevalence of HCV infection, and demonstrates that the outcome of patients with PHL and PSL may be favourable.     

CASE REPORT: Incomplete septal cirrhosis with liver cell dysplasia

A 60-year-old woman was transplanted for end-stage alcoholic cirrhosis. The diagnosis of cirrhosis was made 13 years earlier on the basis of features of portal hypertension and a wedge liver biopsy. Liver function tests were subnormal except for a low prothrombin time. Unproven possible alcohol abuse was the only aetiological factor. Her condition remained unchanged until transplantation, despite complete abstinence. Histological examination of the explant showed incomplete septal cirrhosis associated with distal obstructive portal venopathy, cirrhotic nodules predominantly in the subcapsular areas and nodular regenerative hyperplasia with septal fibrosis elsewhere. In addition, there were areas of large and small liver cell dysplasia. This observation shows the difficulty in making a diagnosis of incomplete septal cirrhosis and the hypothetical link between liver cell dysplasia (which has never been reported in incomplete septal cirrhosis but is well known to be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis) and rare cases of liver adenomas and carcinomas reported in patients presenting with liver vascular disorders.     

Malignant lymphoma of the liver

Primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare disease. We report five cases here and summarize clinical and pathologic features of our own and reported cases from Western countries and Japan. The total number of cases was 68. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 87 years (median 55) with a male-to-female ratio of 3.1:1. Chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis before onset of hepatic lymphoma was noted in 44% of Japanese cases and 9.6% of Western cases. Macroscopically, the liver was occupied by solitary mass (60%), multiple masses (35%), or a diffuse lesion without nodule formation (5%). Histologically all cases were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with the diffuse large cell type being most common. Three cases (4.4%) were follicular lymphoma. Immunohistochemically about 80% of the cases were B-cell type. Follow-up study showed that hepatic lymphoma had a relatively favorable prognosis when early detection of the disease was possible.This work is supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research (1-1) and grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture (02152103) and the Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research, Japan.     

Neuropsychiatric dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis

Aim: The aim of this study is to clarify the cerebral functions in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) as well as those with liver cirrhosis (LC). Methods: We studied 58 patients with CH (20 in fibrosis stage F1, 20 in F2, 18 in F3), 77 with LC (46 rated as Child–Pugh class A, 24 as B, 7 as C), and 20 healthy volunteers (HV). Computer‐aided quantitative neuropsychiatric function test systems, including eight neuropsychiatric tests were performed. Results: Subjects with results over the cut‐off value for healthy subjects ranged from 11.1–28.6% in CH and 19.5–36.4% in LC. The percentages with abnormality in at least one test in CH and LC were 72.4% and 80.6%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the HV group (35.0%) (P = 0.003, P = 0.0003, respectively). Among CH subjects, those with three or more abnormal results in the F1, F2 and F3 subgroups were 15.0%, 20.0% and 38.9%, respectively. Among LC subjects, those with three or more abnormal results in the Child–Pugh class A, B and C subgroups comprised 30.4%, 50.0% and 57.1%, respectively. The rate in the CH F3 subgroup (P = 0.011) and in all three LC subgroups (P = 0.023, P = 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively) were significantly higher than that in the HV group. Conclusion: The percentage of patients with neuropsychiatric function impairment was high in both LC and CH, especially in stage F3. Neuropsychiatric dysfunction may initiate in CH in a considerable number of patients.     

FibroScan对慢性乙型肝炎患者中重度肝纤维化的诊断价值

目的评估瞬时弹性超声成像(FibroScan)在慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者中重度肝纤维化的临床应用价值。方法选取2012年-2015年在上海市公共卫生临床中心进行FibroScan和血清实验室检查,并经肝活组织检查病理确诊的患者245例,分为轻度肝纤维化组(S1~S2,n=189)和中重度肝纤维化组(S3~S4,n=56)。测定患者的FibroScan、APRI、透明质酸(HA)、AST、ALT水平。符合正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用t检验;非正态分布的计量资料组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验。采用Logistic分析进行风险预测。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线),95%可信区间(95%CI)及ROC曲线下面积(AUC)表示FibroScan诊断中重度肝纤维化的准确度。选取敏感度和特异度之和的最大值所对应的FibroScan值表示肝纤维化不同分期的最佳截断值。结果 2组患者的年龄,ALT、AST、HA水平,以及APRI、FibroScan值比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05);单因素分析显示,肝纤维化严重程度与FibroScan测定值、HA和APRI水平相关(比值比分别为2.56、1.03、31.73,P值均0.001);多因素分析显示,FibroScan是唯一中重度肝纤维化的相关参数(比值比=2.25,P0.001)。FibroScan、HA和APRI诊断中重度肝纤维化的AUC分别为0.985、0.842、0.868,95%CI分别为0.969~1.000、0.774~0.911、0.813~0.922,临界值分别为11.65、104.4、0.69;FibroScan、HA和APRI诊断中重度肝纤维化的灵敏度分别为98.9%、96.3%、96.3%;特异度分别为85.7%、55.4%、48.2%;阳性预测值分别为95.9%、87.9%、86.3%;阴性预测值分别为96.0%、81.6%和79.4%。结论 FibroScan诊断中重度肝纤维化有较高的临床应用价值,对及时发现肝纤维化并准确判定纤维化程度具有重要作用。     

Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Summary. Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is both a hepatotropic and a lymphotropic virus, has been proposed as a possible causative agent of mixed cryoglobulinaemia. This 'benign' lymphoproliferative disorder can switch over to a malignant B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Therefore HCV infection has been investigated in a series of 50 unselected Italian patients with B-cell NHL. Antibodies against HCV were found in 30% of NHL and HCV viraemia in 32% of cases. HCV-related markers were detected in 34% (17/50) of our NHL patients; this prevalence is particularly significant when compared with HCV seropositivity in Hodgkin's lymphoma (3%) and healthy controls (1.3%).     

肝脏瞬时弹性值评估慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化程度及肝脏储备功能的临床研究

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者FibroScan与肝组织纤维化面积之间的相关性,以评价FS值对肝纤维化程度测定的意义,分析乙型肝炎后肝硬化患者的FS值变化与肝脏储备功能评价系统CTP分级的关系。方法前瞻性研究正常对照组30例、肝病组113例(CHB患者62例及其所致肝硬化患者51例)FS值,对研究对象行腹部B超检查后,应用肝脏瞬时弹性超声进行FS值测定,收集肝硬化患者入院24 h内的临床资料,计算CTP分值,根据评分分为A、B、C 3级,同时采用计算机辅助数字图像分析法检测肝组织标本的纤维化程度,分析肝病组FS值与肝纤维化面积之间的相关性以及肝硬化患者FS值变化与CTP分级的关系。结果 (1)CHB患者组的FS值与正常对照组比较,肝硬化患者的FS值与CHB组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)在肝硬化组中FS值随着CTP分级升高而升高,ChildA、B、C 3组之间FS值差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝病组的FS值与肝纤维化面积有显著的线性正相关性,且相关系数较高(r=0.804,P<0.01)。结论 FS弹性值与肝纤维化面积有很好的相关性,肝硬化患者的FS值随着CTP分级的上升而增加,FS值可以评估CHB肝纤维化程度,在一定程度上可以评估肝硬化患者的肝脏储备功能。     

慢性肝病患者血液透析相关性低血压发生率的临床分析

目的 分析慢性乙型肝炎(乙肝)与肝硬化患者血液透析过程中低血压的发生情况.方法 选取2010年6月1日-11月30日于我院血液透析中心因肾衰竭而维持血液透析且HBsAg阳性的患者23例,根据是否进展至肝硬化,分为慢性乙肝组和肝硬化组.分析2组患者血液透析过程中低血压的发生情况.结果 慢性乙肝组共进行血液透析975例次,...     

Epidemiology of autoimmune liver disease

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are chronic liver diseases that likely have an autoimmune basis to their pathogenesis. Although significant strides have been made in the clinical management of these conditions, their pathogenesis remains obscure. Understanding of various epidemiological factors may shed light on predisposing or causative factors for these diseases. Most is known about the epidemiology of PBC, with only minimal information on that of PSC and AIH. In this review, the current data on the epidemiology of PBC, AIH and PSC are summarized and suggestions are made for future work in this important area.