国产A482双盘封堵器经导管治疗室间隔缺损伴发膜部瘤的效果

2002年以来，Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器、国产对称型双盘状和偏心型膜部VSD封堵器先后应用于临床，介入治疗已成为VSD的一种重要方法。我们自2002年7月开展VSD封堵术以来，已完成689例膜周型VSD伴发膜部瘤的封堵治疗。现对39例膜周部VSD伴发膜部瘤采用国产特制A482双盘非对称型封堵器经导管治疗的临床疗效进行评价。     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损20例

目的:观察应用Amplatzer封堵器经导管介入治疗先天性心脏病膜周部室间隔缺损(PMVSD)的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法:采用Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性心脏病膜部室间隔缺损20例患者,术前由经胸超声心动图确诊PMVSD,术中经左心室造影明确缺损位置、直径、在透视及超声心动图监视下经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器封堵PMVSD,术后3d、3个月、6个月及1年分别行经胸超声心动图、心电图和X线检查。评价治疗效果。结果:20例VSD病人成功置入Amplatzer封堵器,透视及超声心动图显示即刻完全堵闭。术后出现溶血和三度房室传导阻滞各1例,对症治疗后消失。分别手术后3个月、6个月、1年随访,超声心动图示封堵器位置良好,19例完全闭合,仅1例残余分流,无严重并发症。结论:经导管置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗PMVSD是一种成功率高、并发症少、疗效可靠的介入方法。     

应用新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的初步研究

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的可行性及近期疗效。方法　 2 0 0 2年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 7月采用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对 2 6例 (男 11例 ,女 15例 )膜周部VSD(2 0例合并膜部瘤 )患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄 3～ 4 0 (16 4± 10 7)岁 ,胸超声提示VSD的直径为 3～ 14 (4 7± 1 0 )mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器 ,并分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 2 5例患者封堵器置入成功 ,技术成功率 96 %。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 2 0例 ,少量残余分流 2例 ,微量残余分流 3例 ,均在 1天至 3个月内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞 1例 ,但无心肌受损表现 ,余无其他严重并发症发生。 1例嵴内型VSD由于距主动脉瓣较近 ,封堵未成功。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察     

应用Amplatzer封堵器治疗室间隔缺损及对心脏传导系统的影响

目的　探讨新型Amplatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部及肌部室间隔缺损 (VSD)的疗效和对心脏传导系统的影响。方法　 2 0 0 3- 0 7～ 2 0 0 4 - 0 4采用新型Amplatzer膜部及肌部VSD封堵器对 12例膜周部VSD和 2例肌部VSD患者进行封堵治疗。对心脏多普勒超声检查符合导管封堵条件病人术前常规进行心导管检查 ,测定血流动力学各项参数。在X线透视、食管或经胸超声的监测下建立股动静脉轨道 ,经右心系统释放封堵器。对 12例膜周部VSD病人在手术前、后进行心内电生理检查 ,测定房室传导时间 (AV间期 )和房室结不应期 ,观察封堵手术对心脏传导系统的影响。病人分别于术后 2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行随访。结果　 14例患者 (男 8例 ,女 6例 )封堵器置入全部成功。术后即刻超声及造影均示完全封堵 12例 ,微量残余分流 2例 ,均在 1d内消失 ,总完全封堵率为 10 0 %。 12例膜周部VSD病人封堵后即刻AV间期有不同程度的延长 ,其中 3例术后AV间期 >2 0 0ms,1周后心电图检查 2例PR间期恢复正常。封堵前后房室结不应期无明显变化。未出现Ⅱ度以上房室传导阻滞和束支传导阻滞 ,无心肌受损表现 ,无其它严重并发症发生。结论　应用新型Amplatzer膜部和肌部VSD封堵器治疗膜周部和肌部VSD是安全有效的 ,近期效果良好 ,是导     

小儿VSD封堵术50例术后并发症的原因分析及护理对策

1999年Amplatzerk推出Amplatzer肌部室间隔缺损封堵器。国外临床试用取得了较好和治疗效果。2002年新的Amplatzer偏心性封堵器开始应用于临床治疗膜周部及膜周部室间隔缺损。我科自2002年开始应用美国AGA公司Amplater室间隔封堵器及我院与深圳先健公司研制的国产室间隔封堵器为VSD的患儿进行了室间隔缺损封堵术。现将2002年至2003年我科50例VSD封堵术后并发症的原因及护理总结如下：     

国产A4B2双盘封堵器经导管治疗室间隔缺损伴发膜部瘤的效果

2002年以来,Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器、国产对称型双盘状和偏心型膜部VSD封堵器先后应用于临床,介入治疗已成为VSD的一种重要方法[1~5]。我们自2002年7月开展VSD封堵术以来,已完成689例膜周型VSD伴发膜部瘤的封堵治疗。现对39例膜周部VSD伴发膜部瘤采用国产特制A4B2双盘非对称型封堵器经导管治疗的临床疗效进行评价。1对象和方法1.1对象2002年6月~2005年12月西京医院行国产特制A4B2双盘非对称型封堵器经导管治疗膜周部VSD伴膜部瘤患者39(男11,女28)例,年龄2.8~34(8.4±6.2)岁。均经症状、体征、胸部X线、心电图及TTE等确诊,且提…     

国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗先心病的初步临床研究

目的：报道用国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗先天性心脏病（先心病）的临床经验。方法：82例先心病患者经超声和心血管造影诊断后，分别应用3种类型的国产Amplatzer封堵器封堵动脉导管未闭（PDA）、房间隔缺损（ASD）和室间隔缺损（VSD），观察其安全性、术中和术后近期疗效。结果：PDA28例（漏斗型23例，管型5例），直径4～11mm，封堵成功率100％。继发孔型ASD34例，直径8～32mm，封堵成功率97％。VSD20例，均为膜周部，直径3～10mm，封堵成功率100％，术后即刻造影均成功，无明显并发症。结论：应用国产Amplatzer封堵器治疗先心病是安全、有效的。     

国产封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损并发膜部瘤的临床研究

膜周部室间隔缺损(ventricular septal defect，VSD)是先天性VSD最常见的类型，其介入治疗一直是人们探索的领域。自2002年Amplatzer膜周部VSD封堵器和国产膜周部VSD封堵器被临床应用以来，国内已完成2000余病例。但对于VSD并发膜部瘤的介入治疗报道较少。我院自2004年10月～12月用国产封堵器治疗膜周部VSD并发膜部瘤患者58例，取得了良好效果。     

应用小腰大边封堵器封堵多出口膜部瘤型室间隔缺损

目的:评价国产小腰大边封堵器封堵多出口膜部瘤型室间隔缺损(VSD)的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法:选择69例多出口膜部瘤型VSD患者,经左心室造影证实右心室面均有多个出口。其中29例患者选用普通对称封堵器进行封堵(A组);40例患者选用小腰大边封堵器进行封堵(B组)。2组患者分别根据膜部瘤大小、形态、位置及膜部瘤组织粘连牢固程度,置入相应型号的普通对称封堵器或小腰大边封堵器,封堵后15min重复左心室造影和经胸超声心动图检查(TTE),观察封堵的即刻效果。术后连续心电监护5d。2组患者均于术后1、3、6个月定期心电图、TTE检查。结果:A组成功封堵19例,术中并发左、右束支传导阻滞各1例,1例术后造影示少量残余分流(<3mm),1个月后超声复查无残余分流,另10例因封堵器未能完全覆盖多发缺损口或封堵器引起心室流出道狭窄而换用小腰大边封堵器封堵成功;B组40例患者均一次封堵成功,3例术后造影示少量残余分流(<3mm),1个月后超声复查无残余分流,术中并发左、右束支传导阻滞分别为3例和2例。结论:经导管应用国产小腰大边封堵器封堵多出口膜部瘤型VSD疗效可靠,成功率高,并发症少,与普通对称封堵器相比有明显的优势。     

新型Amplatzer封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损的近斯疗效评价

目的探讨新型Apmlatzer室间隔缺损封堵器治疗膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)的有效性、可性性,并评价其近期疗效. 方法2002年11月至2003年8月采用新型Amplatzer膜部VSD封堵器对34例膜周部VSD(26例合并膜部瘤)患者进行封堵治疗,男16例,女18例,年龄3～40岁,体重13～83(44.6±21.1)kg,经胸超声(TTE)提示VSD的直径3～14(4.7±1.0)mm.     

经导管封堵小儿室间隔缺损围术期心律失常的处理

目的探讨经导管室间隔缺损封堵术围术期出现的心律失常的处理方法.方法对182例先天性室间隔缺损的患儿进行室间隔缺损封堵术,经心电监测、常规心电图检查和24 h动态心电图检查,对围术期出现心律失常的31例患儿根据病情进行不同的处理.结果本组患儿无死亡,3例术后出现三度房室传导阻滞的患儿安装了临时起搏器,2例恢复窦性心律,1例转外科手术,外科术后恢复窦性心律.1例术中出现三度房室传导阻滞的患儿转心外科手术.左束支传导阻滞及二度房室传导阻滞的病例均行内科治疗并恢复,其他非严重心律失常病例给予内科对症治疗.结论经导管封堵室间隔缺损围术期心律失常的发生率相对较高,围术期的心电监测十分重要,术后要进行密切的随访观察.     

经胸超声心动图和χ线透视下行膜部室间隔缺损封堵术

目的:探讨Am p latzer封堵器和国产封堵器的临床疗效以及经胸超声心动图和χ线透视下行膜部室间隔缺损(V SD)封堵术的安全性和有效性。方法:在经胸超声心动图和χ线指导下,对15例膜部(膜周)室缺患者行室缺封堵术,术后1 d,1月,3月,6月随访心电图和超声心动图检查。结果:左室造影测量室缺的大小为3~11 mm,经胸超声心动图测量V SD大小为3~10 mm,封堵器的大小为6~14 mm。15例患儿手术成功,其中8例选择Am p latzer封堵器,7例选择国产封堵器,二者在手术时间,手术即刻和随访的成功率无显著性差异(P>0.05),二组均无严重并发症发生。患儿住院时间为5~7 d,术后复查超声心动图未见主动脉瓣,三尖瓣的关闭不全,无残余分流,心电图无房室传导阻滞。结论:(1)Am p latzer封堵器和国产封堵器性能相同;(2)膜部室间隔缺损封堵术安全,有效。     

Transcatheter closure of the perimembranous ventricular septal defect-preclinical trial of a new Amplatzer device

Objectives : This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of implanting a new nitinol device for closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects in a swine model. Background : Perimembranous ventricular septal defect occurs in 80% of patients requiring treatment for congenital heart disease. Methods : The Amplatzer perimembranous ventricular septal occluder device (pmVSO2 device, AGA Medical Company, Plymouth MN) is a new transcatheter Nitinol device containing polyester fabric designed to close the perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD). The device has 75% reduction in radial force, 45% reduction in clamping force, and increased stability as compared to the previous version. The device was implanted in six swine with naturally occurring perimembranous VSD with immediate, 1, 7, ～30, and ～90 day followup by echocardiography, angiography, and final pathological examination. Results : The device was successfully implanted in all animals and was retrievable and repositionable. There was complete occlusion of the VSD in five of six cases without embolization. There was no thrombus formation on the device or occurrence of complete heart block. A single instance of a tiny residual shunt was attributed to capture of tricuspid valve apparatus. Conclusions : The success of this animal study confirms safety and feasibility of the Amplatzer pmVSO2 device. Human trials are planned. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transcatheter closure of congenital muscular ventricular septal defect

The success with occlusion devices for the closure of atrial septal defects and patent ductus arteriosus prompted the transcatheter closure of single and multiple muscular ventricular septal defects (VSD). The procedure for VSD was first attempted by Lock et al. in 1988 and devices originally designed for the closure of other intracardiac defects (Rashkind umbrella device, Lock clamshell, Cardioseal, coils, Sideris buttoned device etc.) were used with a variable success rate and a residual shunt. Recently, specially designed Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder and Sideris device are in use. The Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder has been undergoing clinical trial since 1998 after the animal experiments had shown 100% occlusion and complete endothelization at 3 months. The procedure was first attempted in August 1995 using the Rashkind umbrella device and since April 1998 only the Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder has been used. Of the149 patients who underwent transcatheter closure of VSD, 50 had muscular trabecular defects in various locations: mid-muscular, anterior, posterior, or apical. All cases were selected by detailed transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography (TTE) and aneurysm of the muscular septum was observed in three of them. The age range was 3-28 years and the diameter of VSD was 4-11 mm. In all but one patient, the device was deployed from the venous side. Simultaneous TTE was done for proper positioning of the device and continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was also done for any arrhythmia/conduction defects. All patients were followed up every 3 months and received 3-5 mg/kg aspirin for 6 months. The procedure was successful in all patients. The Rashkind umbrella device (17 mm) was used in two and Amplatzer muscular VSD occluder (6-14 mm) in 48 patients. Forty-four devices were delivered by antegrade transvenous approach and six by the transjugular route. None had residual shunt, new aortic regurgitation, or tricuspid regurgitation. Transient complete heart block after 24 hours was noticed in one patient. On a follow-up of 2-90 months, the device was in position in all patients. There was no embolization of the device, and no late-conduction defects, infective endocarditis, or hemolysis. Transcatheter closure of muscular VSD is safe and efficacious, and should be considered as a procedure of choice as an alternative to surgery that avoids cardiopulmonary bypass.     

经导管封堵术治疗室间隔缺损的临床研究

目的:研究Am p latzer封堵器治疗先心病室间隔缺损(V SD)的疗效和安全性。方法:对52例V SD患者进行Am p latzer封堵器V SD封堵治疗,观察手术疗效及术后随访情况。结果:52例中47例封堵成功,成功率90.4%,5例失败,5例有程度不等的并发症,近、中期随访未见不良影响。结论:Am p latzer封堵器治疗先心病V SD有效、安全。     

A New Pan-Nitinol Occluder for Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects in a Canine Model

Background: The Amplatzer ventricular septal defect (VSD) occluder has a fixed stainless steel pin bottom protruding out of the surface at the center of the discs on both sides. Theoretically, this protruding bottom may interfere with epithelialization or, in some cases, cause thrombosis.
Objective: To evaluate a new type of pan-nitinol VSD occluder without the protruding stainless steel pin bottom on both sides in a canine VSD model designed to ensure safety, effectiveness, and feasibility.
Methods and Results: VSDs were successfully created by transseptal ventricular septal puncture with a Brockenbrough needle and dilation with an 8-mm-diameter balloon via the right jugular vein in 9 out of 12 canines. The new type VSD occluder was successfully implanted in 8 of the 9 modeled canines. No procedure- or device-related complication was observed. Transthoracic echocardiography and MRI 2 months after device implantations showed that there was no device dislocation or heart valve dysfunction in 6 of the 8 tested canines. In addition, gross and pathological examinations 3–6 months after implantation showed no corrosion of the devices or serious inflammatory reactions in the modeled animals. Complete endothelialization was seen over the surface of the discs.
Conclusions: The new pan-nitinol VSD device can be successfully implanted in a canine VSD model via a transcatheter approach featuring high success rate, low risk of procedure-related complications, and sound biocompatibility. The result suggests that this new VSD occluder could be used safely in future clinical trials for further test.     

经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损

目的 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部室间隔缺损 (perimembranousventricularseptaldefect,PMVSD) ,并对其疗效进行初步分析。方法 :18例室间隔缺损 (VSD)中男性 8例 ,女性 10例 ,平均年龄 7 6岁 ,平均体重 2 6 9kg。局麻下行右心导管检查 ,左室造影测量室缺大小 ,经VSD建立股动脉 股静脉轨道 ,封堵器沿传送装置送至左室 ,打开左侧伞并确认铂金标记 (MARK)位于 6点位 ,指向心尖 ,在室间隔右室侧打开右侧伞 ,经超声心动图和左室造影确认封堵器位置良好 ,无残余分流 ,无三尖瓣及主动脉瓣关闭不全后释放封堵器。结果 :18例VSD患者封堵手术均获成功。VSD平均大小 3 9mm ,所选封堵器平均大小 7 1mm ,放射线观察MARK均在 6点位置。封堵效果良好 ,术后 2 4h左室舒张末径明显缩小 ;术后 2 4h仅 2例有微量残余分流 ,无 1例出现主动脉瓣关闭不全 ,无其它严重并发症 ,平均住院3 5d。结论 :经导管应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭膜周部VSD封堵效果好 ,恢复快 ,免除开胸创伤及体外循环等高风险 ,值得进一步推广。     

室间隔缺损介入封堵治疗发生心律失常的临床研究

目的探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)经导管介入治疗发生心律失常的机制及防治对策。方法对79例VSD患者进行介入封堵治疗。膜周部VSD单纯型50例,膨出瘤型28例,肌部VSD1例。选用Rashkind双伞闭合器2例,Sideris钮扣闭合装置16例,Amplatzer PDA封堵器45例,Amplatzer偏心型膜周部封堵器11例,Am-platzer肌部VSD封堵器1例。结果79例患者75例封堵成功(94.9%)。术后新出现心律失常31例(41.3%),其中不完全性右束支传导阻滞17例(22.7%),完全性右束支传导阻滞3例(4%),完全性左束支传导阻滞6例(8%),室性早搏3例(4%),间歇性室上性心动过速2例(2.7%)。1例患者术前心电图示完全性右束支传导阻滞,术后第4天心电图表现为Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,临床伴发阿—斯综合征。经紧急开胸心脏挤压,气管插管,安置心外膜临时起搏器,复苏成功,出院时患者心电图恢复至术前状态。其余25例束支传导阻滞,其中5例应用强的松30mg/日,一周后仅有2例存在不完全性右束支传导阻滞,1例存在不完全性左束支传导阻滞。3例室性早搏,2例为一过性,1例经抗心律失常药物治疗,出院时室性早搏仍有591次/24小时。结论经导管封堵VSD,出现心律失常达41.3%,但严重心律失常发生率低,是安全、有效可靠的治疗方法。     

婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的:评价婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)介入治疗的可行性和安全性,总结其临床特点及技术难点。方法:选取年龄小于3岁患有膜周部室间隔缺损的患儿18例(婴幼儿组),在经胸超声心动图及X线影像指导下完成介入治疗。术后1、3、6个月复查心电图、心脏超声心动图。另选20例年龄在3～7岁之间的患有膜周部室间隔缺损但不伴假性膜部瘤且符合介入治疗指征的患儿为对照组。结果:婴幼儿组15例患儿成功封堵,2例术后造影示少量分流(<3mm),其中1例24h后、1例1个月后超声心动图复查均无残余分流。术中并发左、右束支传导阻滞分别为1例和2例,均1周内恢复。术后发生股动脉血栓2例、股动静脉瘘2例、假性动脉瘤1例,经相应处理后均恢复正常。与对照组比较,婴幼儿组的操作时间较对照组长,成功例数较对照组少,心脏并发症,血管并发症,其他并发症较对照组多,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:婴幼儿膜周部室间隔缺损介入治疗是可行的,应加强对其介入治疗适应证的选择及心脏、血管等并发症的预防。