细胞周期相关蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨细胞周期相关蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系.方法 应用免疫组化S-P法对70例大肠癌组织及距癌灶3 cm以外的癌旁组织、10 cm以外的正常组织中CyclinDl、CDK4、p16和Pb进行检测.结果 CyclinD1和CDK4在大肠癌中过度表达,分别为36/70(51.4%)和28/70(40.0%),并与肿瘤的分化程度呈反比,有淋巴结转移的大肠癌,其CyclinD1和CDK4的阳性率分别为70.0%和60.0%,无淋巴结转移的大肠癌阳性率分别为44.0%和32.0%,两者相比差异有显著性(P＜0.05),p16在大肠癌中为低表达33/70(47.1%),癌旁组织和正常组织中p16的表达分别为57.1%和71.4%,Rb在大肠癌、癌旁及正常组织中的表达分别为65.7%、78.6%和85.7%.CyclinD1与CDK4呈正相关关系(P＜0.05).CyclinD1与p16、p16与Rb是负相关关系(P＜0.05、P＜0.05).结论 CyclinD1、CDK4的过度表达与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关;p16的表达可能受Rb蛋白的负调控;CyclinD1的过度表达和p16的低表达在大肠癌发生中起协同作用;     

胃癌中PTEN、p27kip1及cyclinE蛋白表达及其意义

目的探讨PTEN、p27kipl及cyclinE蛋白表达与胃癌发生、发展的关系.方法应用免疫组化S-P法分别检测59例胃癌及癌旁组织中PTEN、p27kipl及cyclinE蛋白表达情况.结果PIEN在癌旁组织阳性率96.61%(51/59)显著高于胃癌组织中阳性率50.85%(30/59)(P＜0.05),胃癌组织中高中分化腺癌PTEN阳性率78.75%(15/19)显著高于低分化腺癌37.5%(9/24)与胃黏液癌37.5%(6/16)(P＜0.05),而后两者间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).p27kipl在癌旁组织阳性率84.75%(50/59)显著高于胃癌组织中阳性率47.46%(28/59)(P＜0.05),胃癌组织中高中分化腺癌p27kipl阳性率73.68%(14/19),显著高于低分化腺癌37.5%(9/24)与胃黏液癌31.25%(5/16)(P＜0.05),后两者间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).cyclinE在胃癌组织中阳性率55.93%(33/59)明显高于癌旁组织40.68%(24/59)(P＜0.05),胃癌组织中黏液癌阳性率68.75%(11/16)和胃低分化腺癌阳性率66.67%(16/24)显著高于胃高中分化腺癌阳性率31.58%(6/19)(P＜0.05),前两者间无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论PTEN、p27kipl在胃癌组织中表达下降、cyclinE表达升高,随着病理分化程度降低PTEN、p27kipl表达降低,cyclinE表达升高,提示PTEN、p27kipl、cyclinE可能与胃癌的发生、发展及生物学行为有关.     

肝外胆管癌中染色体9p21区段抑癌基因簇表达异常的研究

 目的　研究位于 9号染色体短臂 2 1段的抑癌基因簇所包含的 3个抑癌基因 p14 /ARF、p15 /INK4B和p16 /INK4A在肝外胆管癌组织中的异常表达 ,探讨这 3个抑癌基因的表达异常在肝外胆管癌的发生发展过程中的作用。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法研究肝外胆管癌肿瘤组织、癌旁组织以及胆管炎组织的石蜡切片中p14、p15和 p16蛋白的表达。 结果　肝外胆管癌组织、癌旁组织以及胆管炎组织中 p14 /ARF、p16 /INK4A两个基因表达缺失率两两比较均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而 p15 /INK4B基因在各组中的表达无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 3个基因的表达异常与肿瘤的组织学类型无关 ,在伴有淋巴结转移 /局部浸润的病例中缺失率明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　p14 /ARF、p16 /INK4A基因表达异常早期参与了肝外胆管癌发生、发展     

p16和Rb基因在人肝细胞癌中的表达

目的:分析p16基因和视网膜母细胞瘤基因(Rb)在人肝癌细胞中表达的改变.方法:用免疫组织化学方法对40例肝细胞癌和癌旁组织进行检测.结果:肝组织中的p16蛋白和Rb蛋白的异常表达分别为94.44%(34/36)和45.71%(16/35).p16蛋白阴性或弱阳性而Rb呈强阳性者13例(13/34,38.23%),两者的表达呈负相关关系.p16和Rb蛋白均异常者15例(15/34,44.11%),表明Rb蛋白表达的调节除p16外,还有其他途径.二者的异常表达与肝癌的恶性程度无相关关系.结论:细胞调节因子p16和Rb基因的异常表达,均参与肝细胞癌的发生.以p16蛋白表达的改变为主.     

MCM7、Rb、c-MYC在肝细胞癌中的表达及其在基因通路中的作用

目的 探讨MCM7、Rb、c-MYC等基因在肝细胞癌中的表达及其在基因通路中的意义.方法 选取2013年1月至2015年8月邯郸市中心医院手术切除的60例原发性肝细胞癌组织进行免疫组化染色,分析MCM7、Rb、c-MYC等基因在肝细胞癌中的表达情况.结果 MCM7蛋白仅在肝细胞癌组织(73.3%)中表达,显著高于正常肝组织和肝硬化组织(P<0.05);Rb蛋白在肝硬化组织(53.3%)和肝细胞癌组织(58.3%)中表达,两者阳性率之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);肝细胞癌组织(70.0%)中c-MYC蛋白阳性率显著高于肝硬化组织(35.0%)(P<0.05).MCM7蛋白的表达与肿瘤直径、AFP、组织分化程度和临床分期有关(P<0.05),而与病灶数、是否转移及HBsAg是否阳性无关(P>0.05);Rb蛋白的表达仅与肿瘤组织分化程度有关(P<0.05);c-MYC蛋白表达与肿瘤组织分化程度和是否转移有关(P<0.05).MCM7蛋白和Rb阳性率呈显著负相关(γ=-0.712,P=0.038;γ=-0.664,P=0.018).结论 肝细胞癌的发生是多基因多通路相互作用的结果,多种调控蛋白的异常共同导致肿瘤的发生.     

大肠癌组织中CyclinD1和p16及Rb的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨细胞周期调控因子在大肠癌组织中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法:应用免疫组化SP法对70例大肠癌组织及距癌灶3cm以外的癌旁组织和10cm以外的正常组织中CyclinD1、p16和Rb进行检测。结果:CyclinD1在大肠癌中过度表达为51.4%(36/70),并与肿瘤分化程度呈反比,有淋巴结转移的大肠癌,CyclinD1阳性率为70.0%,无淋巴结转移的大肠癌阳性率为44.0%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P=0.049)。p16在大肠癌中为低表达47.1%(33/70),癌旁组织和正常组织中p16的表达分别为57.1%和71.4%。Rb在大肠癌、癌旁及正常组织中的表达分别为65.7%、78.6%和85.7%。CyclinD1与p16表达呈负相关(P=0.000,r=-0.514),p16与Rb表达呈负相关(P=0.001,r=-0.403)。结论:CyclinD1过度表达与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关;p16表达可能受Rb蛋白的负调控;CyclinD1过度表达和p16低表达在大肠癌发生中起协同作用;大肠癌发生机制涉及CyclinD1、p16和Rb调节环路中多个基因的异常。     

食管癌MTS1／p16基因表达的研究

目的探讨MTS1/p16在人食管癌中表达的临床意义.方法以免疫组化S-P法检测40例食管癌组织、癌旁组织和正常食管组织p16蛋白的表达情况.结果 p16蛋白在食管癌组织中的阳性率表达为40.0%,食管癌旁组织为60.0%,正常食管组织为100.0%(P<0.05).在40例食管癌中,有和无淋巴结转移及Ⅰ、Ⅱ期与Ⅲ、Ⅳ期两组间比较,p16阳性表达率差异均有显著性(P<0.05).结论 p16蛋白异常表达与食管癌的发生发展有关,且与临床分期及癌细胞的分化程度有关.     

CyclinA在肝细胞癌中的表达及其意义

[目的]探讨CyclinA在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达及其意义。[方法]应用免疫组化SABC法,检测CyclinA在45例肝细胞癌及30例癌旁肝组织中的表达并结合临床病理资料分析。[结果]CyclinA在HCC组织中阳性表达率为46.7%(21/45);在癌旁肝组织中无阳性表达。CyclinA在低分化组较高分化组表达增高(P<0.05)。CyclinA表达与肝门淋巴结/肝外转移、癌灶数目及癌栓形成有关(P<0.05)。CyclinA在侵袭转移组较非侵袭转移组表达增高(P<0.05)。p27、CyclinE、CyclinA表达与患者的年龄、性别、HBsAg、AFP、肿瘤大小及包膜形成无关(P>0.05)。[结论]CyclinA与肝细胞癌的发生、分化及侵袭转移有关。     

cyclinD1、CDK4和Rb在大肠癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨细胞周期调控因子在大肠癌中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系。方法应用免疫组化SP法对70例大肠癌组织及距癌灶3cm以外的癌旁组织、10cm以外的正常组织中cy-clinD1、CDK4和Rb进行检测。结果cyclinD1和CDK4在大肠癌中过度表达,分别为36/70(51.4%)和28/70(40.0%),并与肿瘤的分化程度呈反比,有淋巴结转移的大肠癌,其cyclinD1和CDK4的阳性率分别为70.0%和60.0%,无淋巴结转移的大肠癌阳性率分别为44.0%和32.0%,两者相比差异有显著性(P<0.05)。Rb在大肠癌、癌旁及正常组织中的表达分别为65.7%、78.6%和85.7%。正常组织与癌组织中Rb的阳性率差异有显著性(P<0.01)。cyclinD1与CDK4呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论cy-clinD1、CDK4的过度表达与肿瘤的分化程度、淋巴结转移密切相关;大肠癌的发生机制涉及cyclinD1、CDK4和Rb调节环路中多个基因的异常。     

共聚焦显微镜观察凋亡相关基因Fas和FasL在肝外胆管癌中的表达与其病理分级的关系

目的　研究细胞凋亡相关基因Fas和FasL在肝外胆管癌组织中的表达及意义。方法　采用免疫荧光组织化学方法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察。结果　30例肝外胆管癌中Fas和FasL阳性 21例,阳性率 70%,用于对照的 10例胆总管囊肿Fas和FasL阳性l例,阳性率 10%,Fas和FasL在肝外胆管癌中的表达强于对照组(P<0. 05);高中分化癌Fas和FasL定量大于低分化癌 (P<0. 05)。结论　Fas和FasL不同程度地参与了大部分肝外胆管癌的凋亡调变,其表达与肝外胆管癌的分化有关。     

E-钙粘蛋白及PTEN基因编码蛋白与胃癌浸润转移

目的:观察抑癌基因PTEN蛋白和ECD在胃癌组织中的表达,探讨其与胃癌生物学行为及预后的关系。方法:以兔抗人PTEN多克隆抗体、鼠抗人ECD单克隆抗体,采用SABC免疫组化法,检测100例胃癌手术切除标本中拟测指标的表达。以χ2和Logrank检验对结果做统计学分析。结果:ECD、PTEN蛋白在非癌胃粘膜中均见表达;在胃癌组织中表达下调或缺失。ECD异常表达率为42.0%;弥漫型胃癌异常表达率(48.57%),明显高于肠型胃癌(26.67%),(P<0.05);ECD异常表达与浸润深度有关(P<0.05)。胃癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失率为59%;弥漫型胃癌缺失率(65.71%)明显高于肠型胃癌(43.33%),(P<0.05);伴淋巴结转移的胃癌缺失率(64.47%)明显高于无淋巴结转移者(41.67%),(P<0.05);PTEN蛋白缺失的患者比阳性表达者预后差(P=0.0066)。65.85%PTEN阳性表达者同时伴ECD正常表达。结论:两种标志物与胃癌浸润转移有关,PTEN表达与胃癌患者预后密切相关。将两种指标联合检测,可作为正确判断胃癌患者预后,指导临床治疗的分子生物学指标。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

世界卫生组织骨质疏松症防治工作报告和防治建议

引 言 作为对第51号综合处理非传染性疾病预防与控制的世界卫生组织决议的反应,1998年7月WHO成立了致力于不断完善对骨质疏松预防和治疗策略的工作小组。小组成员来自世界各国致力于骨质疏松研究的知名专家。Harry K.Genant为本届主席。这一项世界范围内的骨质疏松教育计划旨在通过世界范围的研究,不断改善对骨质疏松的诊断水平和发展并完善对骨质疏松病人的合理治疗。其重点将以发展中国家为主。并为各国政府及其卫生部门和病人群体提供世界性有关骨质疏松症的总体的、完整的指导性资料。该项研究、教育计划的实施将由世界各国的骨质疏松症研究和治疗机构共同完成,并经权威学术机构、政府和非政府组织进行有针对性的回顾研究,最终由WHO审议通过。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers

BACKGROUND: Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. CONCLUSIONS: Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.