血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床研究

目的 探讨血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全性与有效性.方法 回顾性分析30例患者30个夹层动脉瘤行血管内介入治疗的临床资料,其中8例单纯弹簧圈栓塞,10例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,3例单支架置入,9例载瘤动脉闭塞.结果 术后对30例中的22例进行随访脑血管造影,随访时间为1～8个月,平均6个月.其中17例完全栓塞患者无复发;近完全栓塞3例中2例动脉瘤稍增大,部分栓塞2例动脉瘤复发,这4例患者均行二次手术,其中3例行支架置入,1例行动脉瘤栓塞.结论 血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种安全有效的方法.     

支架植入术联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨应用新型颅内支架植入联合弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的疗效。方法对26例30个颅内复杂动脉瘤行支架植入术弹簧圈栓塞术,术后6～24个月进行随访。结果术后即刻疗效：24个复杂动脉瘤完全栓塞,4个次全栓塞（栓塞95%以上）,2个不完全栓塞;所有支架位置满意,载瘤动脉通畅。随访2例动脉瘤复发,未见支架移位、塌陷、狭窄,载瘤动脉通畅、光滑。结论颅内支架植入联合弹簧圈栓塞术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤安全有效;应根据动脉瘤的具体情况来选择具体技术。     

个体化血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的观察个体化血管内介入治疗椎动脉夹层动脉瘤(VADA)的临床效果。方法回顾性分析38例VADA患者(43枚动脉瘤)。其中10例(10枚)动脉瘤破裂出血,对6枚采用动脉瘤填塞及载瘤动脉闭塞术,4枚以单支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞。对未破裂33枚动脉瘤均行载瘤动脉重建术,以单支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞3枚,双支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞25枚,三支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞5枚。结果血管内介入治疗所有43枚VADA均获成功,对28枚实现完全及次全栓塞、15枚实现部分栓塞。术后随访12个月,34例(38枚动脉瘤)接受全程复查,其中21枚治愈、11枚改善、6枚稳定,未见复发,无新发脑出血或脑缺血症状;改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0～1分30例,2分2例,3分1例,4分1例。结论根据具体情况采用个体化血管内介入治疗VADA安全、有效,且预后较好。     

肾动脉假性动脉瘤的栓塞治疗

目的探讨经皮肾动脉造影及栓塞治疗肾动脉假性动脉瘤的临床价值。方法 2012年1月~2014年2月15例泌尿系结石术后尿道出血,经皮肾动脉造影诊断为肾动脉假性动脉瘤,导管超选择进入载瘤动脉近端,使用弹簧圈和明胶海绵栓塞载瘤动脉。结果 15例经肾动脉造影均能清晰显示假性动脉瘤,其中位于叶间动脉11例,弓状动脉3例和小叶间动脉1例,经导管弹簧圈栓塞后尿道出血停止。1例介入栓塞术后2 d再次出现尿道出血,再次栓塞后出血停止。栓塞术后2例出现一过性肾绞痛;7例体温37.8~39.3℃,持续3~8 d。15例随访3~24个月(平均15个月),无肾功能不全和尿道出血发生。结论经皮肾动脉造影和经导管栓塞治疗肾动脉假性动脉瘤安全、有效。     

肾动脉瘤介入治疗的方法及疗效

目的 探讨肾动脉瘤(renal artery aneurysm,RAA)腔内介入治疗的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年4月17例确诊为RAA并行介入治疗患者的临床资料.男7例,女10例.年龄20 ～ 67岁,平均(46.4±10.3)岁.体检发现5例,表现为腹痛和腰痛各4例,表现为间断性肉眼血尿2例,表现为乳糜尿和少尿各1例.多发9例,单发8例.17例共31个动脉瘤,其中真性动脉瘤26个,假性动脉瘤5个;囊状动脉瘤17个,纺锤形或梭形、不规则形、实质内动脉瘤各4个,夹层动脉瘤2个.8个动脉瘤位于肾动脉主干,19个位于肾动脉二级、三级分支,4个位于肾实质内.6例行瘤腔栓塞+载瘤动脉栓塞术,4例行瘤腔栓塞术,3例行载瘤动脉栓塞术,2例行裸支架辅助瘤腔栓塞术,1例行覆膜支架置入术,1例双侧RAA行右侧裸支架辅助瘤腔栓塞术+左侧瘤腔栓塞术. 结果 本组17例中16例一次手术成功.随访3～53个月,平均23个月,无严重并发症或死亡病例.术后1周3例尿潜血阳性者转为阴性.术后1个月12例的肉眼血尿、腹痛、腰背痛、发热等首发症状消失或明显减轻.术后3～12个月,实验室检查示SCr、BUN、尿常规等未见明显异常.复查超声或CT动脉造影示16例支架及弹簧圈无移位,8例载瘤动脉通畅,未见动脉瘤复发或瘤腔扩大.结论 RAA的腔内介入治疗创伤小、安全、有效.应根据RAA的具体情况制定手术方案.     

脾动脉瘤血管腔内治疗的临床疗效分析

目的探讨血管腔内治疗脾动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2014年12月本科收治的48例脾动脉瘤患者的资料,腔内治疗方法:弹簧圈动脉瘤(14例)或载瘤动脉栓塞术(19例),覆膜支架隔绝术(2例),支架辅助弹簧圈瘤体内填塞(5例)和多层裸支架隔绝术(8例)。术后1、3、6、12个月采用CT血管造影检查随访,记录并评价围手术期和随访期的临床结果指标。结果本组病例瘤体均治疗成功,支架植入患者的脾动脉均通畅。围手术期无手术相关死亡,8例患者弹簧圈栓塞后出现栓塞后综合征,均于3~5天后缓解。随访时间23.9(3~59)个月,采用弹簧圈栓塞瘤体或载瘤动脉33例:4例患者发现有部分脾脏梗死,但无明显临床症状,2例患者因瘤体内再灌注接受再次手术;采用覆膜支架植入或裸支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞7例:动脉瘤隔绝或栓塞良好,无内漏,支架通畅;采用多层裸支架隔绝术8例:术后12个月6例(75%)患者瘤腔达到完全血栓化,分支动脉通畅。其余病例未出现严重并发症。随访期患者均未观察到动脉瘤增大、破裂或复发。结论血管腔内治疗脾动脉瘤安全,疗效显著。     

NeuroformⅡ支架联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的初步经验

目的探讨NeuroformⅡ支架植入联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效、技术要点、安全性及并发症防治。方法诊断为颅内宽颈动脉瘤的病人11例,其中大脑前动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤4例,眼动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉瘤2例,椎基底动脉瘤2例。7例先行NeuroformⅡ支架瘤颈成形,将微导管通过支架网眼置入动脉瘤内,填塞弹簧圈;4例先置入微导管于动脉瘤内,再释放支架后栓塞,术后3~6个月随访。结果所有病例栓塞操作均顺利完成,无手术并发症;其中致密填塞8例,部分致密填塞3例,术后病人均恢复良好,4例短期随访无再出血及血栓栓塞症状发生。结论NeuroformⅡ支架联合MatrixⅡ弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、有效。     

颅内后循环动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的总结颅内后循环动脉瘤的特点,探讨其血管内介入治疗的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析40例行血管内介入治疗的颅内后循环动脉瘤患者的临床和影像学资料、介入治疗过程,观察期效果及术后随访结果。结果 40例患者共发现42个后循环动脉瘤,均完成血管内介入治疗,其中8个行单纯弹簧圈栓塞,28个行支架辅助栓塞,1个行Onyx胶栓塞,5个动脉瘤及载瘤动脉同时闭塞。术后即刻DSA造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞30个,近全栓塞6个,部分栓塞6个。术后6个月随访DSA造影显示动脉瘤完全栓塞36个,近全栓塞4个,部分栓塞1个。患者出院时行改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,0分35例,1分3例,2分1例,1例死亡为6分;出院后3~6个月随访mRS评分0分38例,1分1例,无动脉瘤复发及新发神经功能障碍病例。结论颅内后循环动脉瘤具有特殊的临床与影像学表现,且复杂动脉瘤较为常见,对于颅内后循环动脉瘤,血管内介入治疗是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

血管内栓塞治疗基底动脉顶端动脉瘤

目的评价血管内栓塞治疗基底动脉顶端动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年7月～2010年12月血管内栓塞治疗17例基底动脉顶端动脉瘤的临床资料。6例在出血2天内1、1例在出血3～10天内进行血管内栓塞治疗。应用Neuroform支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞宽颈动脉瘤3例,弹簧圈栓塞14例。结果 17例中成功栓塞16例,其中10例100%栓塞,3例95%栓塞,3例90%栓塞,术中动脉瘤破裂1例（弹簧圈栓塞,次日死亡）。出院时格拉斯哥预后评分（GOS）,恢复良好12例;中度病残,但生活能自理3例;重度病残,生活不能自理1例。16例随访6～36个月,平均15个月,无术后再出血,2例复发。结论血管内栓塞是治疗基底动脉顶端动脉瘤的一种微创、相对安全有效的治疗方法。     

电解可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗大脑后交通动脉瘤

目的 讨论以电解可脱性弹簧圈血管内栓塞治疗后交通动脉瘤的疗效及技术要点。方法对42例后交通动脉瘤患者用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行动脉瘤囊内栓塞，术后早期处理出血。结果42个动脉瘤中38个瘤腔完全闭塞，3个95％闭塞，1个被90％闭塞。术后41例临床痊愈，1例死亡，死亡率2．4％。术中并发脑血管痉挛1例；术后弹簧圈末端逸出1例。1例复发者经二次补充GDc栓塞而治愈。全组出现与栓塞技术相关的并发症2例。术后随访3～50个月均无再出血。结论对后交通动脉瘤采用电解可脱性弹簧圈进行血管内囊内栓塞疗效可靠；早期栓塞及有效的术后处理是提高治愈率的重要方法。     

血管内介入治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的观察血管内介入治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析12例接受血管内介入治疗的大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤患者,评价治疗效果。结果12例大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤中,P1段2例,P1-P2段2例,P2段6例,P3段2例,均成功实施栓塞治疗;对其中2例单纯以弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤,8例以弹簧圈闭塞载瘤动脉,2例植入支架。术后即刻行复查造影显示Raymond分级1级10例,2级2例。术后4例诉头痛,经对症治疗后2周内好转;未见动脉瘤破裂出血及脑梗死。随访期间影像学检查均未见动脉瘤复发,无新发神经功能障碍及颅内再次出血;末次随访时改良Rankin量表0分10例,1分1例,2分1例。结论血管内介入治疗大脑后动脉夹层动脉瘤效果较好,且安全性较高。     

DSA杂交手术室“一站式”精准治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿

目的探讨DSA杂交手术室"一站式"精准治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的价值。方法对11例颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿未发生脑疝患者于发病72 h内行DSA杂交手术室"一站式"精准治疗,术中以DSA评估动脉瘤是否累及载瘤动脉,行DSA引导下颅内外血管搭桥联合动脉瘤孤立术或球囊临时阻断辅助下动脉瘤塑形夹闭治疗,同步清除血肿。实时监测术中治疗情况,记录术中及术后并发症。随访观察术后6个月CTA表现;于出院及末次随访时以格拉斯哥转归评分(GOS)评价疗效,GOS≥4分认为治疗效果良好。结果对5例行颞浅动脉(STA)-大脑中动脉(MCA)搭桥,术中DSA示桥血管通畅,一期行动脉瘤孤立术;6例行动脉瘤塑形夹闭,术中3例误夹穿支血管,1例夹闭不全,调整瘤夹位置后夹闭效果满意。术后并发小灶性脑梗死2例,癫痫1例。出院时、末次随访时治疗效果良好患者均占81.82%(9/11)。术后6个月均未见复发,吻合口及载瘤动脉无狭窄。结论对难以直接夹闭或介入栓塞治疗的颅内复杂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿患者,采用DSA杂交手术室"一站式"精准治疗可获得较好效果。     

Dissecting aneurysms of the bilateral vertebral arteries with subarachnoid hemorrhage: report of three cases

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Treatment of one side in cases of dissecting aneurysms of the bilateral vertebral arteries (VAs) with subarachnoid hemorrhage may result in dissection or rupture on the contralateral side. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Three patients presented with dissecting aneurysms of the bilateral VAs with subarachnoid hemorrhage. INTERVENTION: Two patients underwent trapping of the ruptured VA, with side-to-side anastomosis between the bilateral posteroinferior cerebellar arteries. One patient underwent resection of the ruptured VA, with interposition of a saphenous vein graft. Two patients died as a result of rupture of the contralateral VA dissecting aneurysm after surgery. One patient demonstrated development of an unruptured dissecting aneurysm in the contralateral VA 1 month after surgery. CONCLUSION: Surgical intervention to treat dissecting aneurysms of the bilateral VAs on one side carries the risk of rupture of the contralateral lesion. Increased hemodynamic stress may be important in the development and rupture of dissections in the contralateral VA.     

Endovascular coil trapping for ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms by using double microcatheters technique in the acute stage

Summary ?Background. In the treatment of vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysms, only proximal occlusion of the VA does not necessarily prevent rerupture. We evaluated the efficacy of coil trapping for the ruptured VA dissecting aneurysms using the double microcatheters technique. Methods. We treated 11 patients who presented with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) due to rupture of a VA dissecting aneurysm which did not involve the posterior inferior cerebellar artery at the site of dissection. All patients tolerated the balloon occlusion test. Within 3 days of the SAH, the dissection site was trapped with a Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) using the double microcatheters technique. The proximal and distal sites of the dissecting aneurysm were embolized simultaneously. Findings. GDC trapping at the affected site was successful in all 11 patients. Radiographic findings showed complete occlusion of the dissection site and patency of the unaffected artery. Although one patient experienced transient dysphagia, there were no major complications. Interpretation. The double microcatheters technique is effective for coil trapping of ruptured VA dissecting aneurysms in selected patients. The risks posed by this simple technique are minimal, even in the acute stage. Published online May 26, 2003     

Endovascular surgery using stents for vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms and a review of the literature

The treatment of dissecting aneurysms of the vertebral artery (VA) involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) or presenting with hypoplasia of the contralateral VA is controversial. We describe our experience with 4 ruptured and 2 unruptured VA dissecting aneurysms and discuss the efficacy of endovascular surgery using stents. All patients were male; their mean age was 50.7 years. According to World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grading, 3 of the ruptured aneurysms were grade V, the other was grade I. All patients were successfully treated using stents; in 5 we also coil-embolized the aneurysmal lumen. One aneurysm was treated by the placement of 2 stents covering the dissection site; there was a danger of aneurysmal rupture during coil embolization. No technical complications were encountered although one patient suffered minor rebleeding 5 days post-treatment. Delayed vasospasm occurred in 4 cases. According to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), at 3 months after treatment 2 patients had made a good recovery, one was moderately disabled, one suffered severe disability, and 2 had died. One death each was due to acute myocardial and brain stem infarction. Endovascular surgery using stents may be a useful treatment in patients in poor condition who manifest dissecting VA aneurysms involving the PICA or hypoplasia of the contralateral VA, especially in the acute period after rupture.     

Antegrade recanalization of a completely embolized vertebral artery after endovascular treatment of a ruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysm. Report of two cases

Occlusion of the parent artery is a traditional method of treatment of unclippable cerebral aneurysms. Surgical or endovascular occlusion of the parent artery proximal to the aneurysm has been recommended for the treatment of dissecting aneurysms located in the vertebrobasilar circulation. Nevertheless, occlusion of the parent artery may not result in permanent exclusion of the aneurysm from the systemic circulation because, occasionally, postoperative rebleeding occurs after proximal occlusion. Alternatively, endovascular occlusion of the affected site, including the aneurysmal dilation, and parent artery, is a safe and reliable treatment for dissecting aneurysms. The authors present two rare cases of ruptured vertebral artery (VA) dissecting aneurysms that were treated by endovascular occlusion of the affected site including the aneurysm and parent artery by using Guglielmi detachable coils. In both cases the VA recanalized in an antegrade fashion during the follow-up period. Based on these unique cases, the authors suggest that a careful angiographic follow up of dissecting aneurysms is required, even in patients successfully treated with endovascular occlusion of the affected artery and aneurysm.     

Combined endovascular treatment of dissecting vertebral artery aneurysms by using stents and coils

OBJECT: With the recent development and refinement of endovascular stents, the significant potential for these devices in the treatment of wide-necked dissecting and fusiform aneurysms has become apparent. In this article the authors report on the use of stents and coils to treat dissecting and fusiform vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms. METHODS: Eight consecutive patients harboring eight dissecting aneurysms and one fusiform aneurysm of the VA were succesfully treated using a procedure in which the authors inserted an intravascular stent and secondary endosaccular coils when needed. In all but one patient complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved, and in all cases there was no neurological complication. Follow-up angiography examinations were performed in all patients (mean duration of follow-up angiography review 13.1 months, range 3-42 months). The patients remained stable throughout the clinical follow-up period (mean 14.1 months, range 4-42 months). No rebleeding was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: At present this combined approach represents a reliable and safe alternative for the treatment of VA dissecting aneurysms, especially in patients who cannot tolerate occlusion tests.     

Endovascular treatment of ruptured dissecting aneurysms aimed at occlusion of the dissected site by using Guglielmi detachable coils

OBJECT: Surgical or endovascular occlusion of the parent artery proximal to an aneurysm has been recommended for treatment of dissecting aneurysms of the intracranial posterior circulation. However, dissecting aneurysms may rupture even after proximal occlusion because distal progression of thrombus is necessary to occlude the dissecting aneurysm completely, and this may be delayed by the presence of retrograde flow. In this article the authors present their experience in treating six patients with ruptured dissecting aneurysms. METHODS: The authors report on six patients with a ruptured dissecting aneurysm in the posterior fossa who were successfully treated by endovascular occlusion of the aneurysm by using Guglielmi detachable coils. The procedure was particularly aimed at occluding the dissected site. CONCLUSIONS: At the present time, endovascular occlusion of the dissected site is a safe, minimally invasive, and reliable treatment for dissecting aneurysms when a test occlusion is tolerated and adequate collateral circulation is present.     

Ruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysms: management considerations with a focus on surgical and endovascular techniques to preserve arterial continuity

Background. The present retrospective analysis was undertaken to review an institutional experience with 13 intracranial dissecting aneurysms as source of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) among a total of 585 ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Methods and results. In 6 patients the vertebral artery (VA) was affected, in 2 patients the basilar artery (BA), in 3 the internal carotid (ICA), in 1 the middle cerebral (MCA) and in 1 the postcommunicating (A2) segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Maintaining arterial patency was aimed at in all patients. Tangential clipping or circumferential wrapping were used as surgical methods. Endovascular stenting and/or coiling was applied in 2 instances. Four of the 6 VA dissecting aneurysms underwent surgical exploration between 1 and 22 days after haemorrhage. Two patients were in WFNS grade V and died subsequently with the aneurysms untreated, one after rehaemorrhage. In the patients with secured VA aneurysms the postoperative course was uncomplicated with the exception of additional caudal cranial nerve injury in 1 instance. Both BA aneurysms were initially treated by endovascular methods. In the first patient incomplete packing with Gugliemi detachable (GDC) coils was achieved. Follow-up angiography 6 months later showed growth and coil compaction and subsequent wrapping with Teflon fibres resulting in angiographic stabilization. The other BA aneurysm was treated by a combination of a coronary stent and GDC coils. The 3 dissecting ICA aneurysms were all explored surgically. In only 1 instance ICA continuity could be preserved by wrapping, in the other 2 cases a major portion of the vessel wall disintegrated upon removal of the surrounding clot. The only ACA dissecting aneurysm, on A2, was successfully treated with a Dacron cuff. In the single patient with a MCA aneurysm, a decision for conservative management was taken, because neither a surgical nor an endovascular solution was seen as a possibility that did not risk occlusion of lenticulostriate branches. The patient suffered a fatal rehaemorrhage 4 weeks later at her home. Conclusions. The reported experience suggests that in Western countries also dissecting aneurysms are an occasional source of SAH. The outcome in our conservatively managed patients confirms the poor prognosis of conservative management. Wrapping and endovascular stent based methods can achieve stabilization of the dissected artery without sacrificing the artery. Results of treatment appear to depend largely on the location of the dissecting aneurysm.