鼻咽癌颅底骨质侵犯的CT与MRI检测对比分析

[目的]评价CT、MRI对鼻咽癌颅底骨质侵犯的检测及诊断价值。[方法]128例经病理证实的鼻咽癌初诊患者,均行CT与MRI检查。[结果]CT、MRI对颅底骨质侵犯的检出率分别是19.53%（25/128）和49.22%（63/128）（P〈0.05）。其中CT检出单部位侵犯6例（24.00%）,多部位侵犯19例（76.00%）;MRI检出单部位侵犯18例（28.57%）,多部位侵犯45例（71.43%）。[结论]MRI对鼻咽癌颅底骨质侵犯的检测优于CT,尤其在鼻咽癌早期骨髓侵犯方面MRI较CT敏感,其对鼻咽癌的准确分期及临床治疗方案的合理制定有帮助。     

鼻咽癌颅底骨质破坏放疗前后MRI评估

[目的]探讨磁共振(MRI)对鼻咽癌颅底骨侵犯的诊断价值。[方法]分析2003年7月至2004年12月35例颅底骨质破坏初诊鼻咽癌患者放疗前后MRI的变化。[结果]35例鼻咽癌患者放疗前均存在程度不等的颅底骨质破坏,MRI可见T1WI骨髓高信号消失及压脂增强后明显强化。经放射治疗,35例患者均呈放疗后状态。[结论]MR平扫及增强扫描图像对鼻咽癌TNM分期及疗效判断有重要价值。     

MRI在鼻咽癌临床分期中的价值

背景与目的:鼻咽癌的临床分期主要依据影像学资料.本研究探讨磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术在鼻咽癌'92临床分期中的价值.方法:2002年5月至2005年6月,共有100例经病理组织学诊断并在治疗前能同时或短时间内(不超过15天)作计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)增强扫描和MRI增强扫描的鼻咽癌初治患者.其中男性74例,女性26例,年龄21～60岁,中位年龄46岁.分别计算两种检查方法所显示的各解剖部位受侵犯的阳性率,用卡方检验比较这两种检查方法对各解剖部位的检出率.按鼻咽癌'92分期标准,分别以CT加临床体检和MRI加临床体检对100例患者进行临床分期,用卡方检验比较两种方法所划分的各期病例数的构成比.结果:CT和MRI对颅底骨质破坏的检出率分别为31.0%(31/100)和56.0%(56/100),两种检查方法比较差异有显著性(χ2=12.715,P=0.000).CT和MRI对咽后淋巴结的检出率分别为40.0%和55.0%,差异有显著性(X2=4.511,P=0.034).对于T分期,用CT和MRI划分的各期病例数构成比差异有显著性(χ2=8.339,P=0.039),而CT和MRI对于N分期(χ2=0.275,P=0.965)和临床分期(χ2=5.525,P=0.137)划分的各期病例数构成比比较则无显著性差异.结论:MRI对鼻咽癌颅底骨质破坏和咽后淋巴结的检出率高于CT.MRI使鼻咽癌的T分期升级,对临床分期有升级的趋势,而对N分期则无影响.     

磁共振零回波时间序列评估鼻咽癌颅底骨质侵犯的诊断价值

摘 要：［目的］ 探讨磁共振零回波时间(magnetic resonance zero echo time,MR-ZTE)序列在诊断鼻咽癌颅底骨质侵犯中的诊断价值。［方法］ 前瞻性入组38例福建省肿瘤医院收治的鼻咽癌初诊患者,进行MR-ZTE和CT检查。对两种成像方法的图像质量进行评分、计算这两种方法检出颅底骨质结构侵犯例数及侵犯结构数目,分析比较MR-ZTE与CT诊断鼻咽癌颅底骨侵犯率的差异。［结果］ MR-ZTE与CT的图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,且两位阅片者之间一致性较高,Kappa值分别为0.95和0.89,P均＜0.001。MR-ZTE和CT检出有颅底骨质侵犯的阳性例数分别为31例（81.58%）和32例（84.21%）,两者对鼻咽癌颅底骨质侵犯的检出率差异无统计学意义 (P＞0.05);同时,两种成像技术对颅底单个骨质结构受侵犯的检出率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。［结论］ MR-ZTE的图像质量与CT图像质量相当,两者对鼻咽癌颅底骨质侵犯的检出能力一致;MR-ZTE在评价仅骨髓侵犯而无明显骨皮质破坏的早期骨侵犯方面优于CT。因此,MR-ZTE有望作为鼻咽癌磁共振分期扫描的常规序列之一。     

鼻咽癌的CT与MRI对比研究

目的:比较CT与MRI对鼻咽癌侵犯部位检出率的差别;评价MRI相对于CT对92分期产生的影响.方法:收集2003年1月至2004年6月收治、经病理证实的初诊鼻咽癌250例,所有病例同时具有治疗前鼻咽和颈部的CT及MRI资料.在CT和MRI上分别评价各个解剖部位的受侵犯情况.结合临床资料分别采用CT和MRI进行92分期.结果:MRI对于鼻咽超腔、茎突前间隙、口咽、咽后淋巴结、颅底骨质、海绵窦、鼻窦、颈椎和颞下窝等侵犯的检出率明显高于CT,有统计学意义.CT与MRI对于鼻腔、茎突后间隙侵犯及颈部淋巴结的检出差别无统计学意义.MRI使32.0%的T分期发生改变;11.6%的N分期发生改变;30.0%的临床分期发生改变.结论:MRI对于诊断鼻咽癌的超腔侵犯、颅底骨质、鼻窦、海绵窦受侵,以及咽后淋巴结转移要明显优于CT;而在颈部淋巴结转移的检出方面与CT结果一致.MRI主要影响鼻咽癌92分期的T分期;对N分期影响不大,临床分期的改变将有利于指引治疗方案的调整.     

MRI在鼻咽癌分期中的作用

背景与目的:随着磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)的广泛应用,MRI对于鼻咽癌的诊断价值已被证实明显优于CT.本研究旨在分析MRI与CT检查对鼻咽癌'92分期及6th UICC/AJCC分期的影响.方法:收集2003年1月至2004年6月收治的、经病理证实的初诊鼻咽癌250例,所有病例同时具有治疗前鼻咽和颈部的增强CT及MRI资料.结合临床资料如颅神经受损及颈淋巴结大小,分别采用CT和MRI检查进行'92分期及6th UICC/AJCC分期,评价两者之间的差异.结果:MRI在诊断鼻咽癌软组织超腔侵犯(口咽、鼻腔、咽旁间隙)、咽后淋巴结转移以及颅底骨质、副鼻窦、海绵窦/颅内、颞下窝及颈椎侵犯等方面均明显优于CT,而对于颈部巴结转移的检出两者无显著性差异.对于'92分期,MRI使32.0%的T分期发生改变(26.0%升级,6.0%降级);11.6%的N分期发生改变(6.4%升级,5.2%降级);30.4%的临床分期发生改变(24.0%升级,6.4%降级).对于6th UICC/AJCC分期,MRI使39.6%的T分期发生改变(36.0%升级,3.6%降级);9.2%的N分期发生改变(5.6%升级,3.6%降级);37.6%的临床分期发生改变(33.6%升级,4.0%降级).结论:MRI检测鼻咽癌局部病灶的侵犯范围要明显优于CT,而在颈部淋巴结转移的检出方面与CT结果相似.建立新的、以MRI为主要手段的鼻咽癌临床分期系统的研究具有临床必要性及可行性.     

MRI对鼻咽癌T、N分期的影响

目的 比较56例鼻咽癌患者的CT、MRI资料,探讨MRI对国际抗癌联盟（UICC,1997年）分期和我国1992年福州－广州分期的影响。方法 选取同时进行CT与MRI扫描并经病理证实的鼻咽癌56例。CT扫描用elscient CT twin flash双螺旋扫描机,常规横断平扫,3例加冠状扫描,16例直接增强扫描。MRI使用Philip T5-Ⅱ型0.5 Tesla超导磁共振成像系统,标准头部正交线圈,常规SE序列,扫描方向为横断面、矢状面和冠状面,扫描范围上达鞍上池,下至第2颈椎下缘水平。大部分病例（50／56）行增强扫描。结果 CT不能显示咽颅底筋膜;MRI显示清楚,可以确定真正的腔内病变。MRI对显示软组织（包括颈长肌、腭帆提肌、腭帆张肌）和颅底骨质肿瘤侵犯较敏感,可以发现肿瘤软组织侵犯和早期骨髓侵袭。MRI显示鼻咽癌侵犯颈动脉鞘区和咽后淋巴结转移较CT明确,同时可以发现三叉神经肿瘤侵袭,直接影响肿瘤临床分期。结论 根据UICC分期原则,28．6％（16／56）的病例发生分期改变;根据我国1992年分期原则,33．9％（19／56）的病例发生分期改变。MRI对我国1992年分期最明显的影响在于区分颈动脉鞘区是肿瘤侵犯还是咽后淋巴结转移,同时对早期颅底骨质骨髓侵袭也较有意义。     

螺旋CT与MRI评价鼻咽癌颅底侵犯

背景与目的：随着螺旋CT与MRI的普遍应用,研究哪种方法对鼻咽癌发生颅底侵犯的诊断更有价值,是临床上亟待解决的问题。本研究拟探讨用CT与MRI诊断鼻咽癌颅底侵犯的价值。方法：选取1993年8月--2001年9月经病理证实为鼻咽癌的患者6l例,全组患者治疗前均行螺旋CT及MRI检查。此外,螺旋CT薄层扫描三维重建8例。CT扫描采用Elscient CT Twin Flash,常规横断面平扫,部分加冠状面扫描,13例加增强扫描。MRI扫描采用Philips T5-Ⅱ型0.5 Tesla超导成像系统,标准头部正交线圈。常规SE序列,扫描方向为横断面、矢状面和冠状面,扫描范围由鞍上池至第二颈椎下缘水平,6l例中55例患者进行增强扫描。结果：CT发现颅底骨质侵犯17例,MRI扫描发现颅底侵犯26例,其中6例MRI扫描发现斜坡、翼突基底部和蝶骨基底部早期的骨髓浸润,而CT检查未见有这些部位的骨质破坏,另外3例MRI见肿瘤沿三叉神经向颅内侵犯,而CT未见明确的卵圆孔破坏。结论：CT与MRI均可显示鼻咽癌通过破坏骨质侵犯颅底,也可以通过自然孔道进入颅内。MRI较CT对颅底骨质破坏的检出更敏感,MRI可以发现肿瘤沿三叉神经向颅内侵犯,而卵圆孔没有骨质破坏。MRI较CT可以更准确地界定肿瘤的侵犯范围;螺旋CT薄层三维重建,可以较为直观地显示病灶。     

MRI联合CT诊断鼻咽癌颅底转移

目的:探讨MRI联合CT诊断鼻咽癌颅底转移的价值。方法:选取2006年8月至2013年8月经病理证实为鼻咽癌的患者50例,全部患者治疗前均行CT及MRI检查,分析鼻咽癌颅底转移的CT及MRI影像学表现,评价联合应用CT/MRI对鼻咽癌颅底转移诊断的价值。结果:CT示颅底骨质侵犯30例,MRI扫描示颅底侵犯39例,其中5例MRI扫描发现斜坡、蝶骨翼和蝶骨体早期骨髓浸润,而CT检查表现正常。另外1例MRI见肿瘤沿三叉神经向颅内侵犯,而CT未见明确的卵圆孔破坏。两种影像学方法的检出率存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。结论:CT与MRI均可显示鼻咽癌颅底转移,MRI对颅底组织侵犯更加敏感,二者联合有助于提高诊断的准确性。     

鼻咽癌颅底侵犯CT与MRI检查价值的比较

 目的:比较鼻咽癌侵犯颅底时CT与MRI在显示侵犯程度上的差异.结果:30例鼻咽癌中CT显示骨质破坏12例.MRI显示骨质破坏15例.CT显示海绵窦侵犯2例.MRI显示海绵窦侵犯5例.结论:CT与MRI检查显示颅底侵犯情况效果基本相仿.如果肿瘤侵润骨组织尚未发生骨皮质破坏时,MRI优于CT.MRI在显示病变与颅底、海绵窦、脑、脑膜的关系方面优于CT.     

Influence of the Application of MRI on the T, N Staging System of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of utilizing MRI on the T, N staging system (the 5th edition, UICC) and on the 1992 China staging systems (Fuzhou-Guangzhou,China) by comparing the results of CT and MRI examinations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).METHODS All 56 NPC patients, which were confirmed by histology,accepted both CT and MRI examinations. CT system scans were obtained by using an Elscient CT Twin Flash with the conventional axial scan. Three cases were examined by an additional coronary scan and 16 patients received an enhanced CT. The MR imaging was performed with a 0.5T MR system (Philips T5- II Ultra-Magnetic). The conventional axial, sagittal and coronary sections with SE sequences were obtained. The scan field was from the supra sellar cistern to the inferior border of C2. Most patients (50/56) accepted contrast enhanced MRI.RESULTS The pharyngobasilar fascia can clearly be seen on MRI but not on CT, so MRI can accurately determine the lesion in the nasopharyngeal cavity. MRI is more sensitive for evaluation of tumor involvement of soft tissue such as the Iongus colli muscle (14 cases by CT and 26 by MRI), tensor veli patalini muscle and levator veli palatini muscle (17 cases by CT and 23 by MRI), and skull-base bone marrow invasion (15 cases by CT and 42 by MRI). MRI can also demonstrate the invasion of the carotid sheath area and the enlargement of retropharyngeal lymph nodes more definitely than CT.The involvement of the trigeminal nerve can be detected on MRI, which may influence the clinical staging directly.CONCLUSION Of the 56 cases examined, 16 (28.6%) changed the staging based on UICC staging; while 33.9% (19/56) cases changed based on the 1992 China-stagin9 system. The major influence of MRI examinations on the 1992 staging was to differentiate the involvement of the carotid sheath area from metastasis of the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. There also was a significant difference in finding early invasion of the skull base.     

增强CT冠状扫描在诊断鼻咽癌颅底侵犯中的意义

目的：探讨鼻咽部增强CT冠状位扫描对诊断鼻咽癌侵犯颅底的价值。方法：将经病理学检验证实的193例鼻咽癌的CT增强轴位扫描与冠状位扫描颅底情况进行回顾性对照分析。结果：193例鼻咽癌中，120例(占62．2％)经两种扫描均未见颅底侵犯；10例(5．2％)轴位扫描未见颅底异常而经冠状扫描发现其受侵犯；15例(7．8％)轴位可疑颅底受侵犯而经冠状扫描肯定侵犯11例．排除4例；轴位扫描显示海绵受窦侵有26例。增强CT冠状扫描则为3例。结论：增强CT冠状扫描对确定鼻咽癌有无颅底骨质侵犯及其侵犯部位、范围与程度均有重要价值，在显示海绵窦受侵犯，肿瘤组织沿脑池或／和脑沟等蛛网膜下腔生长，侵犯周围组织的征像方面，明显优于轴位扫描。     

355例鼻咽癌初治患者常规核素骨显像分析

目的:分析355例鼻咽癌初治患者放射性核素骨显像的表现。方法:对鼻咽癌初治患者均行常规放射性核素骨显像检查,以筛查是否存在骨转移等病变。结果:本组患者初诊时发生骨转移率为33.2%,其中男性37.4%,女性19.5%,Logistic回归多因素分析显示性别,年龄,病期具有显著性意义,鼻咽癌患者初诊时骨转移与病期较晚,体质较差和年龄较大相关。结论:鼻咽癌患者易发生骨转移,放射性核素骨显像灵敏度较高,对鼻咽癌临床分期和治疗方案有重要意义,应作为鼻咽癌诊断的常规检查。     

Prognostic factors of nasopharynx tumors investigated by MR imaging and the value of MR imaging in the newly published TNM staging

PURPOSE: To examine the usefulness of MR imaging for predicting local control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the value of MR imaging in the newly published fifth edition of the TNM classification. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We studied 29 patients with NPC with MR imaging and CT before and after treatment. Staging was done according to the fourth and newly published fifth editions of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging system. The radiotherapy protocol was designed to deliver 66 to 68 Gy to the primary tumor and clinically involved nodes. RESULTS: MR proved better than CT at identifying obliteration of the pharyngobasilar fascia, invasion of the sinus of Morgagni, through which the cartilaginous portion of the eustachian tube and the levator veli palatini muscle pass, invasion of the skull base, and metastases to lymph nodes in the carotid and retropharyngeal spaces. All seven patients without invasion of the pharyngobasilar fascia had local control. The local control rates of patients with invasion of the skull base were not good (60 to 73%). There was no apparent relationship between tumor volume determined by T1-weighted MR images and local control when the tumor volume was more than 20 cc. The newly published N staging system appears to successfully identify the high-risk group for distant metastasis as N3. In our series, four of five patients with N3 disease developed distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Deep infiltration of the tumor is a more important prognostic factor in NPC than tumor volume. Since the newly published T staging system requires a search for tumor invasion into soft tissue such as parapharyngeal space and bony structures, MR imaging may be indispensable for the newly published NPC staging system.     

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in detecting distant metastases of untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma北大核心CSCD

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB - MRI) in detecting distant metastases of initial nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: Examinations of WB-MRI, bone scan, chest X-ray, and liver ultrasound were conducted on 291 consecutive NPC patients within one week before relative treatments. Two experienced radiologists interpreted the WB-MRI. Additional conventional MR or CT was performed on areas with abnormal lesions. Feasibility of metastatic lesions was pathologically confirmed, and all patients were clinically followed up with imaging modalities for at least 12 months. The number of bone, lung, and hepatic metastases detected by WB-MRI were separately compared with those detected by bone scan, chest X-ray, and liver ultrasound. All results were recorded and statistically analyzed by McNemar's test on SPSS (Version 15.0). Results: A total of 24 positive patients with bone metastases and 95 lesions of bone metastases were diagnosed by both WB-MRI and bone scan. Among these, 71 lesions were detected through WB-MRI and 36 lesions through bone scan. The difference between the results was significant, with WB-MRI higher than bone scan (P = 0.004). Apart from those with bone metastases, six patients with lung metastases were diagnosed by WB-MRI and three patients by chest X-ray. No significant difference was observed (P > 0.25). WB-MRI also diagnosed six hepatic metastases patients, whereas liver ultrasound detected only four. Similarly, there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.5). Furthermore, 24 patients were diagnosed with hepatic hemangioma through liver ultrasound, and 12 patients were diagnosed by WB-MRI, showing a significant difference between them (P < 0.01). By contrast, 34 patients with hepatic cysts were diagnosed by WB-MRI, and 16 patients were detected by liver ultrasound, showing a significant difference between them (P < 0.005). Conclusion: WB-MRI is valuable in detecting distant metastases within the whole body, and it can serve as the first-line imaging technique for the M staging of untreated NPC patients.     

正电子发射断层显像-计算机断层显像在鼻咽癌远处转移诊断中的应用价值

 【摘要】　目的　探讨正电子发射断层显像-计算机断层显像（PET-CT）在鼻咽癌远处转移诊断和M分期中的价值。方法　257例初治鼻咽癌患者于治疗前行胸部X线摄片、腹部B型超声检查、骨发射单光子计算机断层扫描（ECT）等常规检查和PET-CT扫描。依据病理活检和随访结果比较PET-CT和常规检查在远处转移诊断和M分期中的作用。结果　39例（15.2 %）鼻咽癌存在远处转移,其中PET-CT检出34例,而常规检查仅检出22例。PET-CT假阳性率为12.8 %（5／39）。若按转移灶分布部位分析,PET-CT能提高纵隔转移检出率（χ2＝4.063,P＝0.041）和骨转移的检出率（χ2＝5.939,P＝0.015）。与常规检查相比,PET-CT改变了19例（7.4 %）患者的M分期,判断正确14例,判断错误5例。结论　PET-CT判断鼻咽癌远处转移和M分期较常规检查准确。     

鼻咽癌放疗后海绵窦复发再程放疗临床回顾性分析

目的:探讨鼻咽癌放疗后海绵窦复发受侵再程放疗的临床特点及文献复习.方法:回顾分析2000-06- 2006-04我院诊断的鼻咽癌初次治疗后局部海绵窦复发受侵者55例.全部经CT和(或)MR诊断,部分鼻咽局部重新活检;分析海绵窦受侵的CT和MR诊断意义及再治疗的效果、毒副反应和并发症.结果:55例海绵窦受侵复发患者,CT检出13例,MR检出43例.全组主要的临床表现及体征是外展神经麻痹、颅骨破坏,伴发头痛及前组颅神经受损.再程治疗后、2、3和5年生存率分别为92.73％、78.18％、34.54％和9.09％.初治时有无颅底破坏对再次治疗后的生存率有一定影响,但1、2年生存率差异无统计学意义,3、5年以上生存率差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.初治到复发间隔时间越短再次治疗后生存率越低,与间隔3年以内者比较,间隔＞3年者生存率有明显提高,P＜0.05.结论:MR较CT能更早期准确诊断鼻咽癌复发中海绵窦受侵,头痛和颅神经症状是海绵窦受侵的主要临床体征,放疗后海绵窦处复发再放疗有积极的治疗意义.