20例艾滋病病人免疫重建中合并结核相关性重建炎性综合征的胸部CT影像特点

目的探讨艾滋病(AIDS)病人在免疫重建过程中,合并与肺结核相关重建炎性综合征的胸部计算机层析成像(CT)影像特点。方法采用回顾性分析的方法,对20例AIDS病人免疫重建过程中,合并结核相关性重建炎性综合征的胸部CT影像进行分析。结果 20例AIDS免疫重建合并肺结核相关重建炎性综合征病人的胸部CT影像,表现为急性血行播散型肺结核与继发型肺结核,急性血行播散型肺结核9例(45.0%,9/20),继发型肺结核11例(55.0%,11/20)。病灶分布3个肺叶及以上者7例(35.0%,7/20),病灶局限于1～2个肺叶者4例(20.0%,4/20)。病变形态为粟粒影、结节影、肺段与亚段实变影,分别为13例(65.0%,13/20)、9例(45.0%,9/20)、5例(25.0%,5/20),肺空洞3例(15.0%,3/20)。胸部CT影像出现纵隔淋巴结肿大伴液化坏死17例(85.0%,17/20),胸腔积液15例(75%,15/20)。结论 AIDS免疫重建合并肺结核相关重建炎性综合征时,胸部CT影像特点是病变呈弥漫、多肺叶分布,粟粒影、结节影、肺段与亚段实变影为肺部病变主要形态,纵隔淋巴结肿大伴液化坏死、胸腔积液常见。其发生机制与重新激活的异常免疫应答相关。在高效抗反转录病毒治疗同时,积极给予抗结核治疗后,病变吸收明显。     

艾滋病并发肺结核多层螺旋CT影像特点分析

目的探讨艾滋病并发肺结核病多层螺旋CT表现特点。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年6月重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心88例经临床确诊的艾滋病并发肺结核患者(研究组)的胸部CT表现,并与同时期86例经临床确诊的普通肺结核患者(对照组)的胸部CT进行比较,总结研究组CT影像特点。结果 (1)病变性质与形态:研究组较对照组更常见的表现有片状影、粟粒影、弥漫结节影、磨玻璃影、胸腔积液、纵隔淋巴结肿大、腋窝淋巴结肿大等(P0.05);研究组较对照组少见的表现有斑片状影、树丫征、空洞性病变、干酪性病变、纤维条索影、钙化、支气管扩张、胸膜增厚等(P0.05)。(2)病变分布:研究组较对照组更易在肺结核的非好发部位出现病变(P0.05)。(3)病变范围:研究组较对照组病变范围更广泛(P0.05)。(4)肺外结核:两组肺外结核发病率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(5)CD~+_4T淋巴细胞计数:研究组平均82.27±61.09个/μL,对照组平均392.09±175.86个/μL,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论艾滋病并发肺结核的胸部多层螺旋CT表现不典型且表现形式多样,片状影、粟粒影、弥漫结节影、磨玻璃影、纵隔淋巴结肿大及腋窝淋巴结肿大等征象是其常见表现,尤其是双肺弥漫结节影伴纵隔淋巴结肿大、坏死,高度提示艾滋病并发肺结核。     

双肺多发性结节、肿块伴空洞影误诊为肺结核1例分析

<正>我们收治1例胸部CT表现为双肺多发性结节、肿块伴空洞影患者,在外院长期误诊为肺结核,我院经皮肺活检诊断为肺腺癌。现报道分析患者的胸部CT表现,提高对肺腺癌影像学特征的认识,减少误诊。病例资料患者男性,64岁,农民。因发现肺部多发性结节影11个月于2015-4-10住院。患者11个月前无明显诱因出现咳嗽、咳脓痰,痰中带血丝,无发热,在当地医院查胸部CT:双肺多发性结节影。当地疾控     

成人血行播散性肺结核202例临床及影像分析

目的通过对血行播散性肺结核临床资料的分析,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析1998～2008年收治的成人血行播散性肺结核202例的临床资料、影像学特点、误诊情况及治疗反应。结果①中青年患者占80．2％,近年来老年患者有增加趋势占19．8％。②痰涂片查抗酸杆菌（AFB）阳性率为20．7％;31例AFB阴性患者中35．5％纤维支气管镜检抗酸杆菌阳性。③12．9％X线胸片早期表现为肺间质磨玻璃样改变,51．5％表现为大小、密度、分布均匀的栗粒结节。④胸部高分辨CT显示55．0％急性血行播散型表现双肺弥漫分布的大小、密度均匀的粟粒结节;另48例亚急性和慢性血行播散性肺结核表现以上中肺野为主的3～7mm大小、密度及分布不均匀的结节。46．8％的肺野内可见斑片、结节、纤维条索状影;43．1％伴纵膈和／或肺门淋巴结肿大。⑤20例活组织检查60％病理阳性。⑥44．6％合并肺外结核,常见于脑膜、浆膜腔、淋巴结、脑、肝、脾、骨等。⑦42．1％入院前被误诊为其它疾病。⑧除8例外其余患者抗结核治疗后体温在3d到12周内降至正常。⑨79．7％在抗结核治疗2个月后胸片显示病灶不同程度吸收。结论痰涂片、HRCT、纤维支气管镜及器官组织活检是早期诊断的关键。关键词结核,肺／诊断放射摄影术,胸部早期诊断     

成人血行播散性肺结核202例临床及影像分析

目的通过对血行播散性肺结核临床资料的分析,提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析1998—2008年收治的成人血行播散性肺结核202例的临床资料、影像学特点、误诊情况及治疗反应。结果（1）中青年患者占80.2%, 老年患者占19.8%。（2）痰涂片查抗酸杆菌（AFB)阳性率为20.7%;31例AFB阴性患者中35.5%纤维支气管镜检抗酸杆菌阳性。（3）12.9%X线胸片早期表现为肺间质磨玻璃样改变,51.5%表现为大小、密度、分布均匀的粟粒结节。（4）胸部高分辨CT显示55.0%急性血行播散型表现双肺弥漫分布的大小、密度均匀的粟粒结节;另48例亚急性和慢性血行播散性肺结核表现以上中肺野为主的3～7mm大小、密度及分布不均匀的结节。46.8%的肺野内可见斑片、结节、纤维条索状影;43.1%伴纵隔和/或肺门淋巴结肿大。（5）20例活组织检查60%病理阳性。 （6）44.6%合并肺外结核,常见于脑膜、浆膜腔、淋巴结、脑、肝、脾、骨等。（7）42.1%入院前被误诊为其他疾病。（8）除8例外其余患者抗结核治疗后体温在3d到12周内降至正常。（9）79.7%在抗结核治疗2个月后胸片显示病灶不同程度吸收。结论痰涂片、HRCT、纤维支气管镜及器官组织活检是早期诊断的关键。     

肺结核初治中的类赫反应CT影像分析

目的探讨肺结核初治中类赫反应的CT特征。方法回顾性分析44例经临床证实的肺结核初治中出现类赫反应患者的CT资料,治疗前后均经CT平扫、薄层及高分辨CT扫描,17例行CT增强扫描。结果全部患者按发病部位共57处统计例数,表现为肺内病变进展（原发病变范围扩大或新发片状影、胸膜下球形影）28例,胸膜病变（胸腔积液、胸膜结核球）10例,心包增厚1例,淋巴结肿大15例,胸腺反应3例。发生时间为20d至3．5个月,最短出现时间为20d;继续原方案治疗1．0～3．0个月病变好转或消失,其中3．0个月内消失37例（84％）。结论类赫反应具有一定CT影像特征。     

青年人肺癌的临床特点

1986～1993年,我们收治肺癌病人268例,其中青年原发性肺癌18例(占6.7％),现将其临床特点讨论如下,以供临床参考。 临床资料:本组男14例,女4例;年龄19～39岁。病程7天至6个月。有吸烟史6例,均为男性,平均日吸烟10～20支,其中鳞癌3例,腺癌2例,未分化癌1例;3例有家族史。其早期临床表现为咳嗽10例,胸痛8例,血痰及发热各6例,全身无力3例,颈淋巴结肿大1例。胸部X线示肺门及纵隔肿块9例,球形病灶≤3cm 3例,>4cm 8例,肺不张6例,肺野块影3例,肺炎浸润影4例。本组初诊时误诊11例,其中肺炎6例,肺结核2例,肺囊肿、炎性假瘤及支气管炎各1例。     

肺恶性纤维组织肉瘤1例报告

患者男,63岁。因间歇性咳嗽、胸痛1个月,于2006年12月就诊。患者1个月前无明显诱因出现间歇性刺激性干咳,以夜间为甚,伴左胸部阵发性针刺样疼痛,无咳痰及咯血,无发热、乏力及盗汗,无明显消瘦。胸部X线检查示左肺下叶占位。胸部CT示左肺下叶内前基底段一类圆形软组织密度块影,无毛刺,内部密度欠均匀,周围少量絮状渗出,纵隔内未见明显肿大的淋巴结。     

免疫功能低下疾病患者肺结核的影像分析

目的探讨几种免疫功能低下疾病的肺结核患者的X线和CT所见。方法回顾分析糖尿病患者68例,肾病综合症患者20例,SLE患者12例,8例AIDS患者合并肺结核的X线及胸部CT所见。结果X线和CT表现,糖尿病肺结核:大片浸润病灶45例,浸润病灶内多发空洞40例,散在大小不等浸润病灶可不按肺段分布23例,支气管播散病灶21例;部分病例合并胸水10例。肾病综合症或SLE肺结核:急性血行播散性肺结核15例,大小不等浸润病灶17例,合并肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大4例;AIDS肺结核:肺内斑片阴影合并有淋巴结肿大5例,急性血行播散性肺结核合并有淋巴结肿大3例。结论免疫功能低下疾病患者的肺结核,肺内结核病灶容易形成大片干酪病灶并合并空洞,结核肺内播散,急性血行播散性肺结核,肺门及纵膈淋巴结肿大及非结核好发部位发生浸润结核灶。     

原发性肺淋巴瘤一例

患者,女,41岁,因“胸闷伴咳嗽1年”入院.1年前患者活动后略感胸闷,休息后缓解,间歇干咳,无痰、无发热、无胸痛,未予重视,不曾就诊.1个月余前体检胸部CT检查示“双肺多发实变及磨玻璃影”,诊断为“社区获得性肺炎”,给予莫西沙星和头孢替安等抗感染治疗17天,复查胸部CT病灶无吸收,停药半月再次行胸部CT检查示病灶如前,为明确诊断转入本院.既往体健,否认吸烟史.体格检查:T 36.9℃,R 18次/分,P 78次/分,BP 130/82 mm Hg.浅表淋巴结无肿大,两肺未闻及干湿啰音.胸部CT检查示:右肺中下叶、左肺舌叶多发实变及磨玻璃影,伴充气支气管征(见图1).     

经支气管镜肺活检对弥漫性肺实质疾病的诊断价值

目的 评价经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)在弥漫性肺实质病变诊断中的作用.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2006年10月在北京协和医院住院、经TBLB检查且具有完整临床资料的肺部弥漫性疾病患者416例,男157例,女259例,平均年龄(42.6±18.9)岁.结果 416例中124例(29.8%)经支气管镜肺活检确诊,其中结节病52例(41.9%),闭塞型细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎(BOOP/OP)28例(22.6%),肺泡蛋白沉积症(PAP)19例(15.3%),肺部肿瘤12例(9.7%),肺血管炎5例(4.0%),肺结核3例(2.4%),肺孢子菌肺炎、曲霉肺炎、嗜酸细胞肺炎、淋巴管肌瘤病(LAM)及肺淀粉样变各1例.经支气管镜肺活检未确定诊断的患者中104例进行了开胸或胸腔镜活检,98例确诊,其中非特异性间质性肺炎37例(37.7%),寻常型间质性肺炎18例(18.4%),结节病11例(11.2%),BOOP/OP 6例(6.1%),肿瘤5例(5.1%),外源性过敏性肺泡炎4例(4.1%),曲霉肺炎、PAP、淋巴细胞间质性肺炎、肺动脉高压及LAM各2例(各占2.0%),结核、肺血管炎、组织细胞增生症X、呼吸细支气管炎伴间质性肺炎、脱屑性间质性肺炎、弥漫性泛细支气管炎、气道中心性纤维化各1例(各占1.0%).结论 TBLB可对约30%的肺部弥漫性肺疾病确诊,可作为开胸之前的常规筛查手段.     

The role of surgery in cases of diagnostic difficulty]

Pulmonary resections for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis are decreasing, and nowadays most of them are for the open lung biopsy to make histological diagnosis, because differentiation between tuberculosis, AM and lung cancer is critical. In 1980-1990 forty-three patients, in whom the diagnosis was not established by conventional diagnostic methods, had pulmonary resections for open lung biopsy because of abnormal chest X-ray shadows. Of these, 31 (72%) were non-tuberculous (lung cancer 8, hamartoma 7, lung abscess 5, fungus infection 3, sclerosing hemangioma 2, bronchogenic cyst 2, and others 4, and 12 (28%) were tuberculous or AM. The type of chest film abnormality was solitary pulmonary nodule (coin lesion) in 9 out of 12 patients with tuberculosis or AM, in all eight patients with lung cancer and in 14 out of 23 patients with other diseases. In patients with coin lesions, the incidence of lung cancer was as high as 50% when the diameter was more than 21mm, while it was only 11% when it was 20mm or less. 24 patients with tuberculosis or AM complicated by lung cancer or other diseases were resected. There were 8 smear or culture positive patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (or AM) (Group 1), of whom 7 had lung cancer and 1 pneumothorax. Of 8 patients who were wrongly diagnosed as active pulmonary tuberculosis (Group 2), there were 5 lung cancers and 3 other diseases. In the remaining 8 patients (Group 3) both old tuberculosis and lung cancer coexisted and in 3 they were found in the same lobe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Surgical lung biopsy for interstitial lung diseases—a single center study of 129 patients

BackgroundAccording to guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), a diagnostic surgical lung biopsy should be used to obtain the differential diagnosis of an ILD in patients with ILDs, which are difficult to distinguish clinically. However, the risk of developing postoperative complications such as postoperative pulmonary fistula or acute exacerbation is a concern. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of surgical lung biopsy for the differential diagnosis of ILDs.MethodsFrom October 2007 to July 2019, 129 patients thought to have ILD underwent a surgical lung biopsy at Toho University Omori Medical Center. We conducted a retrospective study on the diagnosis and safety of surgical lung biopsy for patients with ILD.ResultsThe 30- and 60-day mortality was 0%. Postoperative complications occurred in 13 of 129 (10.1%) patients. The complications included pneumothorax in 8 (6.2%) patients after removal of the chest tube, postoperative pneumonia in 2 (1.0%), and acute exacerbation in 1 (0.8%). Postoperative pneumothorax was observed in 4 of 13 patients (30.7%) who underwent a biopsy of the apex of the lung (right S1, left S1+2), which was a significantly higher rate of postoperative pneumothorax than seen for patients undergoing biopsy at other sites (P=0.0086).ConclusionsSurgical lung biopsy for the differential diagnosis of an ILD was performed safely. However, biopsy sites for ILDs need to be carefully selected to avoid postoperative complications.     

Diffuse alveolar damage: uncommon manifestation of pulmonary involvement in patients with connective tissue diseases

BACKGROUND: Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a relatively common finding on surgical lung biopsy and can result from a variety of causes. METHODS: We studied nine consecutive patients with connective tissue disease (CTD) and DAD diagnosed on surgical lung biopsy to examine this association and clinical implications. RESULTS: The median age was 63 years (range, 35 to 76 years), and seven of the patients were women (78%). Underlying CTDs included rheumatoid arthritis in five patients, polymyositis in two patients, and one patient each with systemic sclerosis and mixed CTD. In seven patients (78%), CTD had been diagnosed before the onset of DAD; six of these patients had a preexisting interstitial lung disease (ILD) related to their CTD. DAD was the presenting manifestation leading to a new CTD diagnosis in two patients (22%). CT of the chest revealed ground-glass opacities and/or consolidation bilaterally with or without honeycombing. In all patients, surgical lung biopsy revealed DAD for which no cause could be identified other than the underlying CTD. Seven patients (78%) were receiving mechanical ventilatory support at the time of the surgical lung biopsy. Four patients (44%) survived to hospital discharge and included one patient with preexisting ILD and all three patients without chronic ILD. CONCLUSION: We conclude that DAD can complicate the clinical course of patients with CTD-related chronic ILD, or can occasionally occur as a presenting manifestation of CTDs. When DAD occurs in patients with CTDs, the outcome appears to be worse for those with preexisting chronic ILD compared to those without ILD.     

Whipple disease revealed by lung involvement: a case report and literature review

We report the case of a man with a history of intermittent fever and arthritis who presented with a dry cough and associated lung involvement, who was eventually given the diagnosis of Whipple disease. The pulmonary symptoms preceded the development of GI manifestations. Five years later, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive macrophages were identified in duodenal biopsy specimens and polymerase chain reaction for Tropheryma whipplei was positive in the duodenum, stools, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. Pulmonary T whipplei was retrospectively confirmed by positive PAS staining and immunoreactivity to specific antibodies in endobronchial biopsy specimens. Antibiotic treatment was followed by remission. A literature review identified eight other cases of Whipple disease presenting with lung parenchymal involvement, predominantly interstitial lung disease (ILD), and without initial GI symptoms. In the absence of GI symptoms, a diagnosis of Whipple disease should be considered in middle-aged men presenting with ILD or lung nodules, if the patient has a history of unexplained arthralgia and/or fever. The association of mediastinal adenopathy or pleural effusion offers additional concern. Whipple disease may be fatal in the absence of treatment, but prolonged antibiotic treatment often leads to complete remission.     

Biopsia pulmonar por videotoracoscopia en el diagnóstico de la enfermedad pulmonar intersticial. Estudio prospectivo y multicéntrico en 224 pacientes

Objectives

To evaluate whether the location and number of lung biopsies obtained by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT) influence the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung disease (ILD). To assess the applicability of an Ambulatory Surgery Program (ASP).

Methods

Prospective, multicenter study of VAT lung biopsies due to suspected ILD from January 2007 to December 2009, including 224 patients from 13 Spanish centers (mean age 57.1 years; 52.6% females). Data were prospectively collected in every institution and sent to the coordination center for analysis.

Results

The most affected areas in high resolution chest CT were the lower lobes (55%). Bronchoscopy was performed in 84% and transbronchial biopsy in 49.1%. In 179 cases (79.9%), more than one biopsy was performed, with a diagnostic agreement of 97.2%. A definitive histopathologic diagnosis was obtained in 195 patients (87%). Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was the most frequent diagnosis (26%). There were no statistically significant factors that could predict a greater diagnostic yield (neither anatomical location nor number of biopsies). Seventy patients (31.3%) were included in an ASP. After discharge, there were complications in 12 patients (5.4%), similar between patients admitted postoperatively (9/154: 5.8%) and those included in an ASP (3/70: 4.3%).

Conclusions

Anatomical location and number of lung biopsy specimens did not seem to influence the diagnosis. The patients included in an ASP had a complication rate comparable to that of the hospitalized, so this procedure can be included in a surgical outpatient program. Lung biopsy obtained by VAT is a powerful and safe tool for diagnosis of suspected ILD, resulting in a definitive diagnosis for the majority of patients with a low morbidity rate.     

恶性淋巴瘤误诊结核病27例分析

目的　探讨误诊为结核病的淋巴瘤的临床特征和误诊原因。方法 回顾分析1990—2003年27例误诊为结核的恶性淋巴瘤病人的临床特征、影像学特点、病理结果、诊断和治疗。结果 其临床特征无特异性,约8例(29%)无症状,发热19例(70%),咳嗽8例(29%),咯血1例(0.4%),淋巴结肿大22例,其中单一部位6例,多部位16例,其影像学特点是肿块结节样病变10例,弥漫性病变5例,肺门增大11例,胸腔积液10例。误诊淋巴结核6例,误诊肺结核5例,误诊肺结核并淋巴结核10例,误诊肺结核并结核性多浆膜腔积液4例,误诊结核性多浆膜腔积液2例。确诊方式:淋巴结摘除病理活检22例,经纤支镜肺活检2例,经皮肺活检3例。病理结合免疫组化诊断霍奇金病7例,非霍奇金病20例。治疗以放化疗为主,预后差。结论 因二者临床特征相似,易误诊,及时早期获得组织病理标本是早期诊断的关键。     

Clinical features of recently diagnosed pulmonary paragonimiasis in Korea

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Paragonimiasis is a typical food-borne parasitic disease that is common in Southeast Asia, the Far East, Latin American, and Africa. Recently, however, this disease has been seen in many parts of the world, largely due to increases in the numbers of immigrants and overseas travelers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic features of recently diagnosed pulmonary paragonimiasis. PATIENTS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiologic characteristics of 36 patients (21 men and 15 women; median age 48 years; range, 19 to 75) with pulmonary paragonimiasis whose conditions were diagnosed between October 1994 and September 2004. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (94%) presented with respiratory symptoms, including hemoptysis (n = 20, 56%) and cough (n = 17, 47%). However, chest pain (n = 5, 14%) and fever (n = 5, 14%) were less frequently reported. Chest radiography revealed intrapulmonary parenchymal lesions (n = 26, 72%), such as nodules (n = 14, 39%), linear opacity (n = 6, 17%), and airspace consolidations (n = 4, 11%), which occurred more commonly than did pleural lesions (n = 10, 28%). Most cases were initially suspected to be lung cancer or tuberculosis. In 13 patients with intrapulmonary parenchymal lesions who underwent bronchoscopy, bronchial luminal narrowing, coupled with congested or edematous mucosal changes, was seen in 7 patients (54%). Bronchial mucosal biopsy specimens exhibited chronic inflammation with eosinophilic infiltrations in three of these seven patients (43%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that patients with pulmonary paragonimiasis presented with a variety of clinical and radiologic findings that were different from the classic presentations reported earlier, frequently mimicking those of lung cancer or tuberculosis.     

Role of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic diseases

The goal of our study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic disease. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 16 patients with hematologic diseases, who were initially suspected to have pulmonary fungal infection clinically and underwent further diagnostic methods including blood culture, sputum culture and percutaneous lung biopsy. Of the 16 patients, 10 were diagnosed fungal infection (8 aspergillus, 2 mold fungus), 4 chronic organizing pneumonitis, 1 tuberculosis, and 1 Pneumocystis carinii through histological examination after percutaneous lung biopsy. However, the results of blood culture and sputum culture were negative. CT-guided biopsy showed 100% overall accuracy and 62.5% (10/16) fungal infection rate. The biopsy-induced complications encountered were pneumothorax in 3/16 (18.75%) and hemoptysis in 1/16 (6.25%). No serious complication was found in this series. In conclusion, CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is an effective and safe method for the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic diseases.     

Presentation of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Abstract: A study was made of the presenting features of 700 consecutive Australian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A clinical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis was suspected at the time of first presentation in only 52 patients and the initial provisional diagnosis was that of a non-tuberculous chest condition in a further 32 patients. In another 16 there was a delay in diagnosis because pulmonary tuberculosis was suspected only after chest X-rays were taken for screening purposes—for example, prior to elective surgery, A non-cavitating lesion in an upper lobe was the radiological appearance most often associated with failure to suspect tuberculosis at the time of presentation, The most common symptoms or change in pre-existing chest complaints were cough (55), loss of weight (52) and shortness of breath (43) followed by fever or night sweats (23) and haemoptysis (10) while 16 were asymptomatic .