低营养及低氧状态下NIH3T3细胞增殖及细胞周期的变化及对bFGF的影响

目的： 体外模拟慢性创面缺氧、低营养环境，观察成纤维细胞在该状态下增殖及细胞周期的变化及对外源性生长因子（bFGF）的反应,探讨低氧、低营养条件下成纤维细胞的病理生理变化。方法: 单纯缺氧环境采用厌氧培养箱，通入混合气，氧分压（PO₂）分为27 mmHg和44 mmHg 2个水平；低营养环境则控制培养液新生牛血清（NCS）浓度。用MTT法检测细胞活性以及其对外源性生长因子的反应，用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果: PO₂ 44 mmHg时细胞增殖速度较同期对照组无明显差异；PO₂ 27 mmHg时，细胞增殖速度较同期对照组明显减慢（P<0.01），细胞被阻滞于G₀期，S期细胞比例明显减少，bFGF未显示促增殖作用。NCS浓度为0.5%的低营养状态下细胞增殖速度较同期对照组明显减慢（P<0.01），细胞被阻滞于G₀-G₁期（P<0.01）；bFGF能明显改善低营养状态下的增殖减慢（P<0.01），使G₂-M期细胞比例增加（P<0.05）。结论: 27 mmHg PO₂或NCS浓度为0.5%的低营养环境使细胞阻滞于G₀-G₁期，影响成纤维细胞增殖；bFGF可以改善低营养条件下细胞增殖减慢的状态，但对极度缺氧条件下的成纤维细胞增殖障碍无明显作用。     

Gax基因转染对低氧性PASMCs增殖及原癌基因表达的影响

目的： 探讨生长终止特异性同源盒Gax基因转染对低氧性大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)中原癌基因c-fos、c-jun mRNA表达及细胞增殖的影响。方法：腺病毒介导Gax基因(Ad-Gax)转染PASMCs。在常氧（21％O₂）和低氧（2.5％O₂）12 h条件下，利用RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学法分别测定转染组和未转染组PASMCs中Gax mRNA和蛋白表达，以及c-fos、c-jun mRNA表达变化；［³H］-TdR掺入法检测各组PASMCs增殖情况。结果：RT-PCR和免疫细胞化学法证实Gax基因转染后PASMCs中Gax能稳定过表达；转染组细胞c-fos、c-jun mRNA表达水平在常氧和低氧均低于未转染组细胞（P<0.05,P<0.01）；未转染组低氧时［³H］-TdR掺入量比常氧时高（P<0.01）；在常氧和低氧时转染组［³H］-TdR掺入量均低于未转染组（P<0.05，P<0.01）。结论：Gax基因过表达可能通过下调c-fos、c-jun基因的表达来抑制低氧性PASMCs的增殖。     

莫索尼定及贝那普利对肾脏致纤维化因子影响的对比研究

目的： 应用莫索尼定(moxonidine)及贝那普利(benazepril)干预阿霉素肾病（ADR）大鼠，比较二者对致纤维化生长因子的影响。方法： 大鼠右肾切除加尾静脉注射阿霉素复制肾病模型，随机分为模型组、莫索尼定组(1.5 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)、贝那普利组(10 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)、假手术对照组，每组10只。12周测蛋白尿、血压及血生化水平；显微镜下观察肾组织改变；免疫组化检测肾组织转化生长因子-β₁（TGF-β₁）、 血小板源性生长因子（PDGF）、结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）蛋白表达；原位杂交测TGF-β₁ mRNA、PDGF mRNA表达。结果： 模型组大鼠尿蛋白、血压、血浆NE、AngⅡ水平、肾间质纤维化面积、肾小球体积、肾重/体重比值均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）；肾组织内TGF-β₁、PDGF、CTGF蛋白及TGF-β₁ mRNA、PDGF mRNA表达均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）；莫索尼定及贝那普利干预组，上述上调指标除血压无明显改变之外，其余都被显著抑制（P<0.01）。2种药物之间比较，贝那普利较莫索尼定更明显降低蛋白尿、血浆AngⅡ水平及下调PDGF及CTGF蛋白、PDGF mRNA表达；莫索尼定下调TGF-β₁ mRNA表达较贝那普利明显。结论： 莫索尼定及贝那普利通过抑制交感神经活性，调节致纤维化因子的表达而起肾保护作用。     

［Ca2+］i对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞膜钙激活氯离子通道的调节作用

目的： 探讨细胞浆内游离钙离子浓度（［Ca²⁺］_i）在常氧、急性和慢性低氧条件下对大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞(PASMCs)膜钙激活氯离子通道（Cl_Ca）的调节作用。 方法: 常规离体血管灌流法检测急性低氧时肺动脉环张力变化；钙荧光探针(Fura-2/AM)负载培养PASMCs，观察常氧和慢性低氧条件下［Ca²⁺］_i的变化并由此对Cl_Ca的影响；同时用四唑盐(MTT)比色法观察当［Ca²⁺］_i变化时Cl_Ca对PASMCs增殖的影响。 结果: (1) Cl_Ca阻断剂尼氟灭酸（NFA）和indaryloxyacetic acid (IAA-94)可以舒张急性低氧引起的肺动脉环收缩。(2) 慢性低氧时［Ca²⁺］_i升高：常氧状态下, PASMCs ［Ca²⁺］_i为(123.63±18.98)nmol/L，低氧时为(281.75±16.48)nmol/L (P<0.01)。(3) 常氧时，NFA和IAA-94对［Ca²⁺］_i 无明显影响(P>0.05)。(4) 慢性低氧时, NFA和IAA-94使PASMCs ［Ca²⁺］_i由(281.75±16.48)nmol/L降低到(117.66±15.36)nmol/L (P<0.01)。(5)MTT比色法中，慢性低氧状态下NFA和IAA-94引起升高的吸光度(A)值降低，由0.459±0.058到0.224±0.025 (P<0.01)。 结论: 低氧引起［Ca²⁺］_i升高，这可能激活Cl_Ca，对［Ca²⁺］_i起正反馈作用，Cl_Ca可能在低氧肺动脉高压中起作用；慢性低氧条件下Cl_Ca可能参与促进大鼠PASMCs的增殖。     

AGEs对肾小管上皮细胞转分化、1型胶原合成及smad信号通路的影响

目的:观察终末期糖基化终产物(AGEs)对正常大鼠近端肾小管上皮细胞（NRK52E ）转分化、collagenⅠ合成及Smads信号通路的影响。 方法:应用自制的AGEs（AGE-BSA）刺激NRK52E细胞，采用免疫细胞化学方法检测pmad2/3核表达情况；ELISA方法检测细胞培养上清TGF-β₁的浓度；RT-PCR检测TGF-β₁、Smad2、Smad3和Smad7 mRNA的表达；Western印迹检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（SMA）、E-钙粘着糖蛋白（cadherin）和1型胶原（collagenⅠ）蛋白的表达。 结果: AGE-BSA刺激15 min后pSmad2/3核表达明显增加，于30 min（68%）和24 h（76%）出现两个高峰，与刺激前及时间匹配的BSA对照组比较均有显著差异（P<0.05）；AGE-BSA以时间依赖方式上调TGF-β₁、Smad2、Smad3和Smad7 mRNA的表达；NRK52E细胞α-SMA和collagenⅠ蛋白表达高于对照组（P<0.01），E-cadherin蛋白表达低于对照组（P<0.01），细胞上清液TGF-β₁的浓度高于对照组（P<0.01）。 结论:AGEs可诱导肾小管上皮细胞Smads信号通路活化，促进肾小管上皮细胞转分化和细胞外基质collagenⅠ的合成。     

线粒体KATP通道开放剂与缺氧预适应对乳鼠窦房结细胞起搏离子流作用的比较

目的： 通过比较线粒体K_ATP通道开放剂及缺氧预适应（HP）对缺氧/复氧（H/R）乳鼠窦房结细胞起搏离子流（I_f）的作用，探讨HP对H/R时窦房结细胞电生理活动的保护机制。 方法： 取培养 2 d 的乳鼠窦房结细胞，随机分为①对照组；②H/R组；③HP组；④ diazoxide（线粒体KATP通道开放剂）+H/R组；⑤5-HD（线粒体K_ATP通道阻断剂）+HP组。以全细胞膜片钳技术检测I_f。 结果： ①H/R组各指令电压下的If密度显著高于对照组，激活曲线右移，半数最大激活电压由(-98.9±2.4)mV变为(-85.1±2.5)mV(P＜0.01)；②HP及diazoxide预处理能显著抑制I/R后升高的I_f密度，使激活曲线左移，半数最大激活电压分别为(-90.7±5.0)mV(P＜0.01)及(-92.2±1.9)mV(P＜0.01)；③5-HD预处理阻断HP效应，使I_f密度增加并使激活曲线右移，半数最大激活电压为(-86.3±2.7)mV(P＜0.01)。 结论： 线粒体K_ATP通道开放剂预处理能模拟HP效应，对抗H/R对乳鼠窦房结细胞I_f 的影响，有助于维护H/R时窦房结细胞电生理活动的相对稳定性。     

植物雌激素α-玉米赤霉醇对HUVEC低氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨植物雌激素α-玉米赤霉醇（ZAL）对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）低氧/复氧损伤的保护作用及其机制。 方法:低氧(93%N₂-5%CO₂-2%O₂)环境中培养HUVECs 3 h后再恢复正常氧供应1 h。用MTT法检测细胞存活率, 分光光度法测定细胞培养上清液中LDH、SOD活性及MDA含量。 结果:HUVECs经低氧/复氧处理后,细胞存活率及SOD活性显著低于对照(P<0.01), LDH活性及MDA含量显著高于对照(P<0.01)；经不同浓度(10-9-10-6 mol/L)的ZAL或雌二醇（E₂）预处理后, 均可显著缓解上述改变，此作用为剂量依赖性，同浓度ZAL与E2的作用无显著差异。 结论:ZAL对低氧/复氧损伤的HUVECs可产生与E2类似的保护作用, 机制可能与促进自由基清除而减轻细胞氧化应激损伤有关。     

三氧化二砷诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡过程中线粒体的变化

目的： 研究三氧化二砷（As₂O₃）诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡过程中线粒体的变化特点。方法: 以As₂O₃诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡为模型，利用Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术研究细胞凋亡和坏死，DiOC₆(3)/PI染色流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电势（△ψm），壬基酚丫啶橙(NAO)/PI染色流式细胞术检测线粒体质量，利用2,7-二氯二氢荧光素乙酰乙酸(DCFH-DA)染色流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧的变化。 结果: 在4×10^-6mol/L As₂O₃诱导下，Jurkat细胞在48 h凋亡比率为(18.98±1.40)%， 对照组为(5.17±0.80)%，组间差异显著（P<0.01）；As₂O₃组坏死比率为(8.56±0.70)%，对照组为(1.53±0.55)%，组间差异显著（P<0.01）。As₂O₃组在48 h时点的线粒体膜电势低于对照组（P<0.05）， 线粒体膜电势下降的Jurkat细胞比率分别为（23.07±3.62)%和（6.63±1.46)%。 同时Jurkat细胞As₂O₃组线粒体质量显著低于对照组（P<0.01），线粒体质量下降的细胞比率分别为（25.90±1.80)%和（6.37±1.04)%。As₂O₃组自由基产生明显高于对照组（P<0.01）， DCFDA平均荧光强度分别为24.41±0.75和17.06±0.48。结论: As₂O₃诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡过程中，线粒体膜电势和质量均下降，细胞内氧自由基水平升高。     

核因子-κB对TNF-α诱导的大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖、凋亡及TGF-β1表达的影响

目的: 探讨核因子-κB(NF-κB)对TNF-α诱导的大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）增殖、凋亡和转化生长因子β₁（TGF-β₁）表达的影响。方法: 体外培养ASMCs，以肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）及NF-κB特异性抑制剂二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(PDTC)作为工具药,将ASMCs分为对照组、TNF-α组和TNF-α+PDTC组。逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测TGF-β₁ mRNA表达，Western blotting检测NF-κB、TGF-β₁的表达，免疫细胞化学染色法检测PCNA、Bcl-2蛋白表达及定位，四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)微量比色法测定ASMCs增殖，Annexin V/PI双标记流式细胞仪分析法检测细胞凋亡。结果: （1）TNF-α组ASMCs的NF-κB活性显著高于对照组(P<0.01),TNF-α+PDTC组NF-κB活性显著低于TNF-α组 (P<0.01)。（2）TNF-α组ASMCs增殖显著高于对照组(P<0.01),TNF-α＋PDTC组的增殖反应显著低于TNF-α组(P<0.01)；TNF-α+PDTC组细胞凋亡率显著高于TNF-α组及对照组(P<0.01)。（3）TNF-α组ASMCs的PCNA、Bcl-2蛋白表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)，TNF-α+PDTC组的PCNA、Bcl-2蛋白表达量均显著低于TNF-α组(P<0.01)。（4）TNF-α组ASMCs的TGF-β₁的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均显著高于对照组及TNF-α＋PDTC组（P<0.01）。结论: NF-κB活化可能参与调控TNF-α诱导的大鼠气道平滑肌细胞的增殖、凋亡及TGF-β₁的表达和分泌。     

Smad2/3信号蛋白在大鼠梗阻性肾病肾组织中的表达

目的:探讨Smad2/3信号蛋白在大鼠梗阻性肾病模型肾组织中的表达及可能作用。 方法:采用单侧输尿管结扎（UUO）模型，分别于造模后1、3、7、14、21和28 d取肾组织，用免疫组化法检测TGFβ₁、磷酸化Smad2/3和α-SMA在梗阻肾肾组织中的表达；用原位杂交方法检测梗阻肾组织TGFβ₁ mRNA的表达。结果:正常大鼠肾组织具有基础的TGFβ₁(4.32%±1.72%)和磷酸化Smad2/3［(19.31±5.37）个/mm2］的表达，α-SMA只表达于血管平滑肌，肾小管-间质无表达。UUO术后1 d，TGFβ1的表达无明显增加(5.15%±2.08% vs对照组，P>0.05)，第3 d明显增加(13.55%±6.33% vs 对照组，P<0.01)，第7 d达高峰(26.78%±8.77% vs 对照组，P<0.01)，此后表达减少；磷酸化Smad2/3的表达在UUO术后3 d明显增加［(67.95±13.87）个/mm2 vs 对照组，P<0.01］，并持续增加到第7 d［（150.61±27.34）个/mm² vs 对照组，P<0.01］，此后表达减少；而UUO术后3 d肾组织α-SMA表达亦明显升高（5.58％±1.23％ vs 对照组，P<0.01），7 d达到高峰（13.43％±3.32％ vs 对照组，P<0.01），14 d表达开始下调；UUO术后肾间质细胞外基质的沉积随着疾病的进展而进行性增加，第28 d达到最高峰。梗阻肾肾组织中TGFβ₁、磷酸化Smad2/3以及α-SMA的表达时相一致并呈明显正相关（r₁=0.932, P<0.01；r₂=0.946, P<0.01），并与肾间质区域细胞外基质的积聚密切相关。 结论:磷酸化Smad2/3信号蛋白在大鼠梗阻性肾病肾组织中的表达明显增高，可能在肾间质纤维化的过程中起重要作用。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.