EORTC评分系统在非肌层浸润性膀胱癌预后预测中的临床应用

背景与目的:膀胱癌是我国泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤,其中80%为非肌层浸润性,5～15年内的复发率高达60%～85%,其中20%可进展为浸润性肿瘤。本研究探讨欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)建议的非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者术后复发和进展评分系统用于我国非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者预后评估的可行性和准确性。方法:选取2003年1月—2005年12月在我科行TUR-BT的213例非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者。根据EORTC评分系统的影响因素对每位患者的预后风险进行评分,计算各评分等级中每位患者的1年及5年复发率和进展率,并与实际的1年及5年复发率和进展率进行比较。结果:213例患者中,男性153例(71.8%),女性60例(28.2%),年龄41～88岁(平均57岁)。其中96例(45.1%)为复发患者,90例(42.3%)的肿瘤最大直径≥3 cm,97例(45.5%)为多灶性肿瘤,6例(2.8%)伴有原位癌,86例(40.4%)属于T1期,18例(8.4%)为尿路上皮癌3级。1年后,有65例(30.5%)患者发生肿瘤复发,10例(4.7%)患者肿瘤进展为T2期;5年后,有110例(51.6%)患者发生至少1次复发,30例(14.1%)患者进展为T2期及以上。结论:EORTC建议的评分系统可用来预测本院非肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者TUR-BT术后的肿瘤复发和进展风险。但是否适用于国内人群还有待于进一步验证。     

Microsatellite analysis--DNA test in urine competes with cystoscopy in follow-up of superficial bladder carcinoma: a phase II trial

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that microsatellite analysis (MA) is able to detect bladder carcinoma in urine. Relatively small groups of patients often with high stage and grade disease were investigated. However, greater than 85% of cystoscopies are performed for follow-up of superficial bladder carcinoma. The authors evaluated this DNA-based method in a group of consecutive patients in follow-up after transurethral resection of superficial disease. METHODS: Matched blood and urine samples from 109 patients were obtained before cystoscopy and subjected to MA. The BTA stat test (Bard Diagnostic Sciences, Inc., Redmond, WA) and cytology were used for comparison. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were excluded: the DNA was of insufficient quality for 7 patients and leukocyte abundance rendered the result of MA unreliable for 9 patients. For the remaining 93 patients, MA detected 18 of the 24 recurrent tumors. The six undetected tumors were small pTaG1 lesions for which immediate surgery was not necessary. Conversely, 5 of 9 patients with a positive MA and a negative cystoscopy had a tumor recurrence within 6 months after urine collection. In contrast, a recurrence occurred in only 7 of 60 patients who were negative in both MA and cystoscopy (P = 0.006). The MA (74%) appeared more sensitive than the BTA stat test (56%) or urine cytology (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Microsatellite analysis is a DNA test in urine that reliably signals the presence of recurrent bladder carcinoma, sometimes even before cystoscopic evidence of the disease. This noninvasive diagnostic tool has the potential to replace cystoscopy in many cases. The authors' results warrant the need for randomized trials.     

输尿管癌术后再发尿路上皮癌

目的为防治输尿管癌术后再发尿路上皮癌,对其再发因素及特点进行探讨。方法采用回顾性研究对３５例输尿管癌进行随访总结。结果肾输尿管膀胱部分切除的３２例中,再发膀胱癌１６例,占５０．０％。同时发生尿路上皮多器官癌１４例,再发膀胱癌１０例,占７１．４％;输尿管单处癌１８例,再发膀胱癌６例,占３３．３％,其中５例为输尿管下段癌术后再发。细胞分级：Ｇ１级４例,无一例再发;Ｇ２～Ｇ３级２８例,再发膀胱癌１６例,占５７．１％。分期：Ｔ１期６例,２年内再发膀胱癌１例;Ｔ２～Ｔ３期２６例,２年内再发膀胱癌１０例,２年后再发５例均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期。３例肿瘤局部切除术后再发上尿路癌２例。再发时间为术后３个月～６．５年（平均１．８６年）。１６例术后再发尿路上皮癌生存超过３年者３例,８例非再发尿路上皮癌生存超过３年者６例。结论输尿管下段癌同时发生尿路上皮多器官癌和肿瘤细胞分化不良、分期高的浸润性肿瘤术后膀胱癌再发率高,术后应定期做膀胱镜检查。再发尿路上皮癌生存率低,预后不良。     

Two cases of plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder: systemic chemotherapy might be of benefit

We report two cases of the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder in which systemic chemotherapy was effective. In the first case, a 76-year-old man presented with dysphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography revealed a brain tumor and a bladder tumor. Resection of the brain tumor and transurethral resection of the bladder tumor were performed. The pathological diagnosis was plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder with brain metastasis (pT1N0M1). Three cycles of adjuvant MVAC (methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin) chemotherapy were performed. He has no evidence of recurrence 96 months after resection of brain metastasis. In the second case, a 76-year-old man presented with hematuria. MRI revealed a bladder tumor with abdominal wall invasion, and a transurethral biopsy was performed. The pathological diagnosis was plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder (cT4bN0M0). After three cycles of neoadjuvant GC (gemcitabine and cisplatin) chemotherapy, MRI demonstrated a complete response. Radical cystectomy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis was pT0pN0. Although there was no evidence of recurrence 9 months after radical cystectomy, he died from other causes. Our two cases suggest that systemic chemotherapy might be effective for the plasmacytoid variant of urothelial carcinoma.     

The effects of transurethral resection and cystoprostatectomy on dissemination of epithelial cells in the circulation of patients with bladder cancer.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of haematogenous dissemination of epithelial cells induced by endoscopic resection and/or cystoprostatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Thirty-three patients were studied. Thirty-one had different stages and grades of bladder cancer and two patients had benign bladder conditions. Twenty-five cancer patients required transurethral resection of their bladder tumour. Of those, 20 had superficial disease (pTaG1-G2: n = 19; pT1G2: n = 1) and five had muscle invasive tumours (pT2G3: n = 2; pT3aG3: n = 1; pT4G3: n = 2). Five patients underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for muscle invasive cancers (pT2G3: n = 3; pT3bG3: n = 1; pT4G3: n = 1) and one man received chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Venous blood (10 ml) was obtained from the antecubital fossa in each patient, before and 1-2 h after completion of surgery, and prior to treatment in the metastatic patient. An indirect immunocytochemical technique was used to detect circulating epithelial cells after centrifugation on Ficoll gradient and fixation of mononuclear cells on slides, using a monoclonal antibody directed against three cytokeratins: CK8, CK18 and CK19. Circulating epithelial cells were detected only in the patient with metastatic disease. None of the other patients had evidence of epithelial circulating cells before or after surgery. The results suggest that irrespective of disease stage and grade, neither endoscopic nor open bladder surgery leads to detectable dissemination of urothelial cells in the peripheral circulation. These procedures are therefore unlikely to increase the risk of progression and metastasis in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.     

Prognostic value of p53, p21/WAF1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bak and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in pT1 G3 urothelial bladder carcinomas.

pT1 G3 bladder carcinomas are heterogeneous with respect to tumor recurrence and progression. Whereas some urologists treat these carcinomas by repeated transurethral resections often followed by intravesical chemotherapy or BCG instillation, others recommend cystectomy after tumor recurrence or early cystectomy after the initial diagnosis. Our goal was to determine the prognostic value of p53, p21/WAF1, Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in these tumors. There were 30 patients with a new histopathological diagnosis of pT1 G3 urothelial carcinoma based on a transurethral resection specimen. Representative sections of these specimens were examined for the above markers. All patients were followed up regularly and were classified as being tumor free or having tumor recurrence or progression. The mean follow-up period was 43 months (range: 8-102 months). Twenty-five patients underwent radical cystectomy and 7 of these (28%) suffered from tumor progression and died of bladder cancer. In 5 patients, surgery was limited to a transurethral resection and 4 of these patients developed superficial tumor recurrence. There was a significant difference in tumor-free survival between patients with p53-immunoreactive (mean: 30 months) and p53-negative tumors (mean: 82 months; p = 0.0341). Bcl-2 positivity was also associated with decreased tumor-free survival (p = 0.043). The other markers had no significant prognostic impact. We conclude that p53 and Bcl-2 immunoreactivity labels the most aggressive pT1 G3 bladder carcinomas.     

经尿道切除膀胱多发肿瘤和巨大肿瘤

目的:探讨经尿道切除膀胱多发肿瘤和巨大肿瘤的治疗效果。方法:采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除（TUR-BT）手术治疗29例膀胱多发肿瘤和/或巨大肿瘤,术后常规膀胱灌注,5例接受系统性化疗。每3个月行膀胱镜检查,必要时再次行TUR-BT手术或全膀胱切除术。结果:术后病理结果均为膀胱癌。随访3-72月,18例存活5年以上。在所有病例中,4例术后1年内死于肿瘤转移,8例无瘤生存,17例术后1-3年复发。复发病例中14例再次或多次行TUR-BT手术,2例行全膀胱切除术,1例行单纯尿流改道手术。结论:经尿道切除膀胱多发肿瘤和巨大肿瘤可以获得较好的治疗效果,根治性TUR-BT辅以系统性化疗或许是膀胱多发肿瘤和/或巨大肿瘤而又希望保留膀胱的病人的理性选择。     

Trimodal therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Introduction: Radical cystectomy is the standard therapy for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Organ-preserving surgical procedures have been established as alternatives to radical surgery for localized malignancies in other anatomic sites. Trimodal therapy consisting of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and either transurethral resection of the bladder or partial cystectomy is an effective treatment for selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer that allows for preservation of the urinary bladder.

Areas covered: This review provides an overview of the value of trimodal therapy in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Expert commentary: Prerequisites for trimodal therapy for bladder cancer include: good bladder function, unifocal cT2 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and absence of hydronephrosis. Careful selection of patients and accurate assessment of the anatomic extent of the tumor is important for patient safety. The basis for successful trimodal therapy is complete transurethral resection of the tumor, followed by radiation therapy with concurrent radiosensitizing chemotherapy. Cystoscopic controls and follow-up biopsies should be performed at completion of adjuvant therapy or shortly after induction of trimodal therapy to identify nonresponders for whom salvage radical cystectomy may be indicated.     

Malignant meningioma: An indication for initial aggressive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy

Malignant meningiomas constitute a rare subset of meningiomas and display a marked propensity for post-surgical recurrence. This retrospective study evaluates the various parameters which alter the recurrence rate. The records of all malignant meningioma patients treated from 1984 through 1992 were reviewed, and the time to recurrence or current patient status was determined, and the influence of various patient and disease parameters were analyzed. Thirty-eight patients were treated with 48 malignant meningioma resections performed (28 total and 20 subtotal), 25 at initial presentation and 23 for recurrent disease; 19 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. Subtypes included 32 anaplastic meningioma, 11 hemangiopericytoma, 2 meningiosarcoma, and 3 papillary meningioma. Followup ranged from 3 to 144 months, with five patients excluded from analysis. Actuarial disease free/progression free survival (DFS) at 5 years was 39% following total resection versus 0% after subtotal resection (p=0.001). For all totally excised lesions, the 5-yr DFS was improved from 28% for surgery alone to 57% with adjuvant radiotherapy (p=NS). Adjuvant irradiation following initial resection increased the 5-yr DFS rates from 15% to 80% (p=0.002). When administered for recurrent lesions, adjuvant radiotherapy improved the 2-yr DFS from 50% to 89% (p=0.015), but had no impact on 5-yr DFS. Multivariate analysis indicates extent of resection, adjuvant radiotherapy, and recurrence status are independent prognostic factors. Malignant meningiomas display a tendency for post surgical recurrence, with recurrence significantly increased for multicentric and recurrent disease. Complete surgical resection and the administration of adjuvant irradiation following initial resection are crucial to long-term control.     

Gene expression profiling of progressive papillary noninvasive carcinomas of the urinary bladder.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to define gene expression profiles of noninvasive and invasive bladder cancer, to identify potential therapeutic or screening targets in bladder cancer, and to define genetic changes relevant for tumor progression of recurrent papillary bladder cancer (pTa). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Overall, 67 bladder neoplasms (46 pTa, 3 pTis, 10 pT1, and 8 pT2) and eight normal bladder specimens were investigated by a combination of laser microdissection and gene expression profiling. Eight of 16 patients with recurrent noninvasive papillary bladder tumors developed carcinoma in situ (pTis) or invasive bladder cancer (> or = pT1G2) in the course of time. RNA expression results of the putative progression marker cathepsin E (CTSE) were confirmed by immunohistochemistry using high-throughput tissue microarray analysis (n = 776). Univariate analysis of factors regarding overall survival, progression-free survival, and recurrence-free survival in patients with urothelial bladder cancer was done. RESULTS: Hierarchical cluster analyses revealed no differences between pTaG1 and pTaG2 tumors. However, distinct groups of invasive cancers with different gene expression profiles in papillary and solid tumors were found. Progression-associated gene profiles could be defined (e.g., FABP4 and CTSE) and were already present in the preceding noninvasive papillary tumors. CTSE expression (P = 0.003) and a high Ki-67 labeling index of at least 5% (P = 0.01) were the only factors that correlated significantly with progression-free survival of pTa tumors in our gene expression approach. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profiling revealed novel genes with potential clinical utility to select patients that are more likely to develop aggressive disease.     

The role of endoscopic bladder tumour assessment in the management of patients subjected to transurethral bladder tumour resection

Despite complete resection, non‐muscle invasive bladder cancers tend to recur. Therefore, their risk stratification was implemented to select adjuvant therapy. Immediate intravesical chemotherapeutic instillations were shown to decrease the risk of recurrence in those with low‐risk disease. The purpose of the study was to determine the role of endoscopic assessment in the management of patients subjected to transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). In 262 patients submitted to TURBT due to primary bladder tumour, the size and the number of the lesion(s) were noted and the stage as well as the grade of the tumour(s) were typed. The individual features were then scored according to the European Organisation of Research and Treatment of Cancer ‘Bladder Calculator’ and the lesions were classified into the low, intermediate and high risk of recurrence group. Clinical evaluation was then compared with pathological report and final triage. Based on the clinical data, 95 (36.25%), 105 (40.07%) and 3 (1.14%) patients were endoscopically assigned to the groups of low, intermediate and high risk of recurrence respectively. After pathological report, correct risk stratification was confirmed in 86 (90.5%), 95 (90.5%) and 3 (100%) patients respectively. Endoscopic assessment of bladder cancers allows to accurately establish the risk of recurrence and may facilitate implementation of adjuvant therapy before histological evaluation.     

Choice of a method of surgical treatment of urinary bladder neoplasms

The results of treatment of 850 patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) are analysed. Precise staging of the tumor should be made in the following order: suprapubic ultrasonic investigation (USI), cystoscopy and microcystoscopy, transrectal, transurethral USI. Indications for different treatments are outlined: typical and atypical papillary fibroepithelioma, papillary cancer in stage T1 should be managed with TUR after previous electrocoagulation; cancer in stage T2-3--with urinary bladder resection and uni- or bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy; total papillomatosis, multiple lesions in stage T3, in cases of recurrent cancer--with cystectomy including one-stage or multistage replacement of the urinary bladder by intestinal transplant. The only physiologically sound method of treating patients after cystectomy with ureterocutaneostomy and ureterocolostomy is creation of intraperitoneal intestinal urinary bladder with reestablishment of transurethral urination. Arguments against creation of artificial urinary bladder made of detubularized segments consist in the absence of advantages.     

膀胱内翻性乳头状瘤临床诊疗分析(附43例报告)

目的:探讨膀胱内翻性乳头状瘤的临床表现、病理类型及临床诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析2004年3月至2011年6月,我院收治膀胱内翻性乳头状瘤43例,其中男35例,女8例,平均年龄57岁。临床表现主要为无痛性肉眼血尿,下尿路症状及体检发现。诊断依据泌尿系超声,膀胱镜检及病理检查,41例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除(TURBT),其中4例合并良性前列腺增生者同时行经尿道前列腺切除术,膀胱部分切除术1例,未手术治疗仅行膀胱灌注1例。结果:35例随访12个月-64个月,平均25个月。5例复发,其中4例再次行TURBT术,1例行膀胱全切治疗。结论:膀胱内翻性乳头状瘤是良性肿瘤,多见于男性,TURBT是膀胱内翻性乳头状瘤的首选治疗方法,预后良好,复发率低,膀胱灌注未见明显降低其复发率。但需定期随访。     

浅表膀胱肿瘤电切术后不同灌注药物的疗效比较

目的：比较浅表膀胱肿瘤经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后不同灌注药物的疗效及意义。方法：117例浅表膀胱肿瘤经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后的患者,随机分为四组：卡介苗组（n=26）;丝裂霉素组（n=27）;多柔比星组（n=27）;羟基喜树碱组（n=37）。结果：卡介苗组,比裂霉素组,多柔比星组,羟基喜树碱组的三年复发率为分别为30．77％,40．74％,33．33％,24．32％。各组比较,羟基喜树碱组均低于其他三组,且与丝裂霉素组,多柔吡星组比较有显著性差异,P＜0．05）。结论：浅表性膀胱肿瘤经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后,应用羟基喜树碱膀胱内灌注可降低术后复发率,延长无瘤生存期。     

肿瘤分级对表浅性膀胱肿瘤预后进展的意义

目的:探讨肿瘤分级对表浅性膀胱肿瘤预后进展的意义。资料和方法:自1989年7月～1994年7月,对80例表浅性膀胱肿瘤(Tb54例,T126例;G127例,G245例,G38例)进行了回顾性分析。手术均采用经尿道肿瘤电切术,术后行膀胱内BCG灌注为辅助治疗,平均随访42.4个月;评价了肿瘤分析,大小,数目对预后的影响。结果:有8例(10％)复发时进展为浸润性癌,G11例(4％),G25例(11％),G32例(25％)。结论:肿瘤分级影响表浅性膀胱肿瘤预后进展,级别愈高,复发时进展为浸润性癌的可能性愈大。     

The fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutation is a strong indicator of superficial bladder cancer with low recurrence rate

We analyzed the possible prognostic value of the recently discovered fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) mutations in bladder cancer. A FGFR3 mutation was found in 34 of 53 pTaG1-2 bladder cancers, whereas none of the 19 higher-staged tumors had a mutation (P < 0.0001). In 57 patients with superficial disease followed prospectively by cystoscopy for 12 months, 14 of 23 patients in the wild-type FGFR3 group developed recurrent bladder cancer compared with only 7 of 34 patients in the mutant group (P = 0.004). The recurrence rate per year was 0.24 for the FGFR3 mutant tumors and 1.12 for tumors with a wild-type FGFR3 gene. In addition, FGFR3 mutation status was the strongest predictor of recurrence when compared with stage and grade (P = 0.008). This is the first mutation in bladder cancer that selectively identifies patients with favorable disease characteristics. Our results suggest that the frequency of cystoscopic examinations can be reduced considerably in patients with FGFR3-positive tumors.     

Association of cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity with tumor recurrence and disease progression in superficial urothelial bladder cancer

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The main characteristic of urothelial bladder cancer is a clear predisposition to recurrence and disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess the possible relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) immunoreactivity in superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma and tumor grade, stage, number of recurrences and clinical disease progression. METHODS: In this prospective study 70 consecutive patients who underwent transurethral resection for superficial urothelial bladder cancer were included. Tumor slides were immunohistochemically stained for COX-2, and COX-2 immunoreactivity in tumor and inflammatory stromal cells was categorized as negative or mildly, moderately or strongly positive. Patients were followed up for 2 years, and during this period the possible association of COX-2 immunoreactivity with tumor stage and grade, number of recurrences and progression of disease was evaluated. RESULTS: COX-2 immunoreactivity in tumor cells was found in 57 (81.4%) patients and did not correlate with tumor grade, stage of disease, number of recurrences, and progression of disease. COX-2 immunoreactivity in inflammatory cells was found in 16 of the 57 patients with COX-2 positive tumors, and was significantly related to the number of recurrences, time to appearance of the first recurrence, and disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 immunoreactivity in inflammatory stromal cells adjacent to the COX-2-positive tumor might be useful in clinical practice for selection of patients with a high risk of tumor recurrence and disease progression.     

Chromosomal imbalances in noninvasive papillary bladder neoplasms (pTa).

Almost 70% of urinary bladder neoplasms present as low-grade papillary noninvasive tumors (stage pTa). To determine which genomic alterations can occur in pTa tumors of different grades and to evaluate the prognostic significance of chromosomal imbalances, we analyzed 113 pTa tumors (40 grade 1, 55 grade 2, 18 grade 3) by comparative genomic hybridization. pTaG1 (1.9 +/- 2.0) and pTaG2 (3.1 +/- 2.9) tumors had only few genomic alterations with 9q- (44%), 9p- (36%), and -Y (21%) being most prevalent. Neither the total number of aberrations nor any individual alteration was linked to the risk of recurrence in 95 pTaG1/G2 tumors with clinical follow-up information. pTaG3 tumors were characterized by a high number of alterations (7.7 +/- 4.5; P < 0.0001 for G3 versus G2). Several chromosomal imbalances that have previously been reported to be typical for invasive bladder neoplasms were significantly more frequent in pTaG3 than in pTaG2 tumors, including 2q-, 5p+, 5q-, 6q-, 8p-, 10q-, 18q-, and 20q+. A malfunction of genes at these loci may contribute to the development of high-grade urothelial neoplasias. However, there is no evidence for a direct role of these alterations for development of invasive tumor growth.     

Intravesical instillation of doxorubicin or epirubicin for chemoprophylaxis of superficial bladder cancer--the fifth study of the Japanese Urological Cancer Research Group for Adriamycin/Farumorubicin

A total of 465 patients with primary and multiple or recurrent, stages Ta and T1 superficial bladder cancer were included in this randomized multicenter trial to compare the prophylactic effect by 17 times instillation of 40 mg doxorubicin or 40 mg epirubicin with no instillation after transurethral resection of tumor(s). The primary endpoint was first recurrence after transurethral resection. Endoscopic examination as well as urinary cytology was performed in each case every three months. It became evident that the recurrence rate in the doxorubicin or epirubicin instillation arm was lower that in the no instillation arm. Toxicity was mainly restricted to bladder irritation in about 10% of patients in each instillation arm.     

钬激光与等离子电切治疗浅表性膀胱尿路上皮癌的疗效比较

目的:比较钬激光与经尿道等离子电切治疗浅表性膀胱尿路上皮癌的疗效和安全性。方法:用钬激光和经尿道等离子电切分别连续治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌各30例,比较两组年龄、性别、肿瘤数、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级、手术时间、闭孔神经反射发生率、膀胱穿孔例数、手术成功例数。结果:两组患者年龄、性别、肿瘤数、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级、膀胱穿孔例数、手术成功例数差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,经尿道等离子电切组闭孔神经反射发生率为40.0%,钬激光治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌组无闭孔神经反射（P=0.000）,且手术时间明显短于经尿道等离子电切组（P=0.000）。结论:钬激光与经尿道等离子电切治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌均有效,但钬激光治疗非肌层浸润性膀胱癌较经尿道等离子电切更安全、手术时间更短。