Effect of deep frying oil given with and without dietary cholesterol on lipid metabolism in rats

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary deep frying oil (DO) on levels of plasma and liver lipids, and fecal steroid excretion in rats. The DO was prepared by frying fresh soybean oil (FO) at 200°C, 6 h each, for four consecutive days. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats ingested diets containing 15% FO or DO with or without 1% cholesterol for 6 weeks. Rats on the DO diet with cholesterol had a lower food intake and body weight gain compared to the FO diet with cholesterol. The concentration of plasma esterified cholesterol was higher in rats on DO diet than in rats on FO diet, although the plasma triacylglycerols (TG) were similar between the groups. The DO diet resulted in a lower content of liver TG and cholesterol, and less excretion of acidic and neutral steroids than did the FO diet. These results showed that ingestion of frying oil with cholesterol aggravated hypercholesterolemia, even though absorption of dietary cholesterol may be lower in rats on DO diet.     

Oat fiber: composition versus physiological function in rats

The effect of processing on the ability of oat fiber to lower plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations in rats was studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 6% dietary fiber as cellulose, oat bran, high fiber oat flour or one of four processed high fiber oat flours for 3 wk. All diets also contained 1.0% cholesterol and 0.2% cholic acid. At the conclusion plasma and liver concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. All of the oat products significantly lowered plasma and liver cholesterol without depressing food intake or weight gain. As little as 4% dietary fiber in a processed oat flour significantly lowered cholesterol concentrations. Detailed fiber analysis of all of the oat fiber products revealed that processing increased the proportion of the total fiber that was soluble. The proportions recovered as total beta-glucans and total neutral sugars also increased, in part because the proportion recovered as Klason lignin decreased in all of the processed oat flours except the one prepared by a high pressure extrusion process.     

Soluble dietary fiber and cholesterol influence in vivo hepatic and intestinal cholesterol biosynthesis in rats.

Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to eight dietary treatments. Rats were fed, with ad libitum access, diets containing 10% dietary fiber as cellulose (control), pectin, psyllium or oat bran with or without 0.3% added cholesterol for 3 wk. Among cholesterol-fed rats, liver total cholesterol was significantly lower in rats fed diets supplemented with either pectin or psyllium compared with those fed cellulose. In contrast, rats fed oat bran with cholesterol had significantly higher liver cholesterol concentrations compared with cellulose-fed animals. Liver total lipid concentrations were significantly lower in groups fed pectin and psyllium with or without dietary cholesterol compared with cellulose-fed controls. Pectin feeding with or without dietary cholesterol significantly lowered plasma total cholesterol compared with cellulose feeding. Oat bran had no effect on plasma total cholesterol compared with control diets. Hepatic sterol synthesis was significantly greater for animals fed soluble dietary fibers compared with those fed cellulose, but the effect on intestinal sterol synthesis was less pronounced.     

Walnuts reduce aortic ET-1 mRNA levels in hamsters fed a high-fat, atherogenic diet

Walnut consumption is associated with reduced coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk; however, the mechanisms responsible remain incompletely understood. Recent clinical studies suggested that these mechanisms involve non-plasma lipid-related effects on endothelial function. Male Golden Syrian hamsters (12 groups, n=10-15) were fed for 26 wk atherosclerotic, high-fat, hyperlipidemic diets with increasing concentrations of whole walnuts (61-150 g/kg diet), or alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T, 8.1-81 mg/kg diet) and single diets with either walnut oil (32 g/kg diet) or pure gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T; 81 mg/kg diet) added. Aortic endothelin 1 (ET-1), an important endothelial regulator, was assayed as mRNA. Aortic cholesterol ester (CE) concentration along with other vascular stress markers (Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase, biliverdin reductase) and plasma lipid concentrations were determined. Hyperlipidemia (plasma LDL cholesterol approximately 6 times normal) occurred in all groups. Aortic CE concentration, a measure of atherosclerotic plaque, was highest in the lowest alpha-T only group and declined significantly with increasing alpha-T. The aortic CE of all walnut groups was decreased significantly relative to the lowest alpha-T only group but showed no dose response. The diets did not produce changes in the other vascular stress markers, whereas aortic ET-1 mRNA levels declined dramatically with increasing dietary walnuts (to a 75% reduction in the highest walnut content group compared with the lowest alpha-T group) but were unaltered in the alpha-T groups or gamma-T group. The study results are consistent with those of human walnut feeding studies and suggest that the mechanisms underlying those results are mediated in part by ET-1-dependent mechanisms. The contrasting results between the alpha-tocopherol or gamma-tocopherol diets and the walnut diets also make it unlikely that the non-plasma lipid-related CVD effects of walnuts are due to their alpha-tocopherol or gamma-tocopherol content. Finally, the results indicate that the walnut fat compartment is a likely location for the components responsible for the reduced aortic CE concentration.     

Effects of gamma-tocopherol supplementation on thrombotic risk factors

OBJECTIVE: The antioxidant activity of vitamin E is derived primarily from alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) and gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T). Results of epidemiological studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between vitamin E intake and coronary disease. However, the results of clinical trials using alpha-T are equivocal. We determined the effect of 5 weeks of 100 mg/d or 200 mg/d gamma-T supplementation on thrombotic markers such as platelet reactivity, lipid profile and the inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP). METHODS AND RESULTS: Fourteen healthy subjects consumed 100 mg/day while 13 consumed 200 mg/d of gamma-T and 12 received placebo (soybean capsules with less than 5 mg/d gamma-T) in a double-blinded parallel study design. Fasting pre and post dose blood samples were analysed. Blood gamma-T concentrations increased significantly (p<0.05) relative to dose during the intervention period. Both groups receiving active ingredients showed significantly lower platelet activation after supplementation (p<0.05). Subjects consuming 100 mg/d gamma-T had significantly decreased LDL cholesterol, platelet aggregation and mean platelet volume (MPV) (p<0.05). Little effect of gamma-T was observed on other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that gamma-T supplementation may have a permissive role in decreasing the risk of thrombotic events by improving lipid profile and reducing platelet activity.     

Cereal alkylresorcinols elevate gamma-tocopherol levels in rats and inhibit gamma-tocopherol metabolism in vitro

Alkylresorcinols (AR) are a class of amphiphilic phenolic lipids present in high amounts in wheat and rye bran. They have been reported to be both growth retarding and innocuous when fed to rats, and to have a broad range of bioactivities in vitro, suggested to be related to their ability to bind to proteins and modify membranes. This study was designed to test the effects of AR (purified from rye bran) on growth, tocopherol levels, and cholesterol levels in rats. Rats were fed 1 of 4 different levels of AR for 4 wk: 0 (control), 1, 2, and 4 g/kg diet. AR did not affect final body, liver, or lung weights. The AR diets increased the levels of gamma-tocopherol in liver and lungs (P < 0.05). To investigate whether AR could have increased gamma-tocopherol levels via inhibition of tocopherol-omega-hydroxylase, HepG2 cells were incubated with AR and the metabolism of gamma-tocopherol measured. AR significantly inhibited the conversion of gamma-tocopherol to its water-soluble hydroxychroman metabolite in vitro, indicating that AR may increase gamma-tocopherol levels via inhibition of tocopherol metabolism in vivo. The 4 g AR/kg diet decreased liver cholesterol (P < 0.001), but did not affect plasma lipids. AR were detected in the perirenal adipose tissue samples of rats fed AR, indicating that they can accumulate in the fatty tissues of rats. High levels of dietary AR moderately affect gamma-tocopherol, possibly via inhibition of tocopherol metabolism, and decrease liver cholesterol in rats.     

合成油的营养评价——(二)合成油饲料对实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠体重、血脂和肝脂成分的影响

在88g基础饲料中加入12g不同种类的油脂(合成油、猪油和豆油)和1％胆固醇喂养大鼠5周以诱导动物产生高脂血症,并以不加入胆固醇的豆油饲料作为正常对照。比较各组动物在实验期内的生长、血清脂质、肝脏脂质和某些内脏器官重量的改变。结果如下: (1)大鼠摄食含不同油脂的致高胆固醇血症饲料5周后,各组雄鼠的体重增加无明显的不同,雌鼠的体重增加则有显著的差别,即合成油组动物的增重显著较猪油组和对照组的为低。 (2)在各种油脂饲料中加入胆固醇都可使动物的肝重增大。猪油组和豆油组动物的肝脏有明显的脂肪肝病变。肝脂含量增加,肝胆固醇和甘油三酯大量积存(分别约为对照组的9-10倍和2-3倍)。而合成油组动物的肝脏外观表现正常,肝脂含量、肝胆固醇和甘油三酯水平则接近对照组的正常水平。 (3)在各种油脂饲料中加入胆固醇喂养大鼠,对雄鼠血清胆固醇水平的影响不明显,但引起雌鼠血清胆固醇的改变和对照组比较,猪油饲料使动物的血清胆固醇含量明显增高,豆 油和合成油饲料则可维持动物的血胆固醇含量于正常水平。血清甘油三酯水平则以合成油饲料组动物的为最高。 (4)在各种饲料中加入胆固醇除增大肝脏重量外,也使雌鼠的主动脉重量增高,但饲料油脂种类对其重量的影响不明显。 上述结果表明,当饲料中含有高水?     

Effect of Chlorella vulgaris intake on cadmium detoxification in rats fed cadmium

The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary Chlorella vulgaris (chlorella) intake would be effective on cadmium (Cd) detoxification in rats fed dietary Cd. Fourteen-week old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 415.0 ± 1.6 g were randomly divided into two groups and fed slightly modified American Institute of Nutrition-93 Growing (AIN-93G) diet without (n=10) or with (n=40) dietary Cd (200 ppm) for 8 weeks. To confirm alteration by dietary Cd intake, twenty rats fed AIN-93G diet without (n=10) and with (n=10) dietary Cd were sacrificed and compared. Other thirty rats were randomly blocked into three groups and fed slightly modified AIN-93G diets replacing 0 (n=10), 5 (n=10) or 10% (n=10) chlorella of total kg diet for 4 weeks. Daily food intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight (liver, spleen, and kidney), perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad weights were measured. To examine Cd detoxification, urinary Cd excretion and metallothonein (MT) concentrations in kidney and intestine were measured. Food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight and fat pad weights were decreased by dietary Cd intake. Urinary Cd excretion and MT concentrations in kidney and small intestine were increased by dietary Cd. After given Cd containing diet, food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weights and fat pad weights were not influenced by dietary chlorella intake. Renal MT synthesis tended to be higher in a dose-dependent manner, but not significantly. And chlorella intake did not significantly facilitate renal and intestinal MT synthesis and urinary Cd excretion. These findings suggest that, after stopping cadmium supply, chlorella supplementation, regardless of its percentage, might not improve cadmium detoxification from the body in growing rats.     

Zinc-vitamin A interaction in pregnant and fetal rats: supplemental vitamin A does not prevent zinc-deficiency-induced teratogenesis

The influence of a higher-than-normal intake of vitamin A on the detrimental effects of zinc deficiency on vitamin A metabolism was investigated in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. At mating, rats were fed diets containing 100 (control), 4.5, or 0.5 micrograms/g zinc combined with 4 (control) or 8 micrograms retinyl acetate/g. Low intake of zinc, but not of vitamin A, caused food intake, total body weight change, fetal weight and placental weight to be low. Incidence of teratogenic effects was more pronounced in low zinc groups than in controls. Concentrations of vitamin A in maternal plasma and liver were affected by the amount of zinc in the diet. Dietary vitamin A, however, did not affect either of these parameters. Maternal plasma zinc concentration was affected only by low dietary zinc, whereas plasma copper and iron were unaffected by the dietary treatments. Maternal liver iron was higher in zinc-deficient rats than in controls; however, maternal liver zinc and copper concentrations were not altered by dietary treatments. No significant differences in vitamin A concentration of fetal liver, fetal plasma, or placenta were seen among the groups. Fetuses from zinc-deficient dams had significantly lower levels of liver vitamin A and liver zinc than did controls. Fetal liver iron was higher in zinc-deficient fetuses than in controls, whereas fetal liver copper was not affected by dietary treatment. These data suggest that supplemental dietary vitamin A does not ameliorate the effect of zinc deficiency on vitamin A metabolism during pregnancy.     

Taurine prevents hypercholesterolemia in ovariectomized rats fed corn oil but not in those fed coconut oil

We studied whether the type of dietary fatty acid influences the preventive effect of taurine on the ovarian hormone deficiency-induced increase in plasma cholesterol concentration in 6-mo-old ovariectomized rats. Rats were fed one of the following four diets for 28 d: purified diets based on corn oil, which is rich in linoleic acid, with or with out taurine (50 g/kg) or purified diets based on coconut oil, which is rich in lauric and myristic acids, with or without taurine. Body mass gain, food intake, liver weight and plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, LDL and VLDL concentrations were not affected by the diets. On the other hand, taurine lowered the plasma total cholesterol concentration (P < 0.02) in rats fed corn oil, but not in those fed coconut oil. In rats fed both types of oils, taurine increased the LDL receptor mRNA level (P < 0.01), hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity (P < 0.01) and fecal bile acid excretion (P < 0.01). Taurine increased the HMG-CoA reductase mRNA level (P < 0.02) in the liver of rats fed coconut oil, but not in those fed corn oil. Taurine increased liver total lipid (P < 0.05) and triglyceride (P < 0.05) concentrations in rats fed corn oil, but not in those fed coconut oil. These results indicate that the effect of taurine on ovarian hormone deficiency-induced changes in cholesterol metabolism is influenced by the type of dietary fatty acids.     

A cooperative interaction between soy protein and its isoflavone-enriched fraction lowers hepatic lipids in male obese Zucker rats and reduces blood platelet sensitivity in male Sprague-Dawley rats

Soy protein diets lower plasma cholesterol in hyperlipoproteinemic human subjects, as well as in animal models. We fed 7-wk-old male obese (fa/fa) and lean Zucker rats a modified AIN-76 diet (20 g protein/kg diet) containing casein (C), low isoflavone soy protein (38 mg isoflavones/kg diet; LI), or high isoflavone soy protein (578 mg isoflavones/kg diet; HI) for 70 d. In obese rats, plasma total cholesterol was 21 and 29% lower in the LI and HI groups, respectively, than in the C group (P: 相似文献   

Dietary sphingolipids lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol and prevent liver steatosis in APOE*3Leiden mice

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of dyslipidemia and obesity resulting from excess energy intake and physical inactivity is increasing. The liver plays a pivotal role in systemic lipid homeostasis. Effective, natural dietary interventions that lower plasma lipids and promote liver health are needed. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the effect of dietary sphingolipids on plasma lipids and liver steatosis. DESIGN: APOE*3Leiden mice were fed a Western-type diet supplemented with different sphingolipids. Body cholesterol and triacylglycerol metabolism as well as hepatic lipid concentrations and lipid-related gene expression were determined. RESULTS: Dietary sphingolipids dose-dependently lowered both plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol in APOE*3Leiden mice; 1% phytosphingosine (PS) reduced plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol by 57% and 58%, respectively. PS decreased the absorption of dietary cholesterol and free fatty acids by 50% and 40%, respectively, whereas intestinal triacylglycerol lipolysis was not affected. PS increased hepatic VLDL-triacylglycerol production by 20%, whereas plasma lipolysis was not affected. PS increased the hepatic uptake of VLDL remnants by 60%. Hepatic messenger RNA concentrations indicated enhanced hepatic lipid synthesis and VLDL and LDL uptake. The net result of these changes was a strong decrease in plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol. The livers of 1% PS-fed mice were less pale, 22% lighter, and contained 61% less cholesteryl ester and 56% less triacylglycerol than livers of control mice. Furthermore, markers of liver inflammation (serum amyloid A) and liver damage (alanine aminotransferase) decreased by 74% and 79%, respectively, in PS-fed mice. CONCLUSION: Sphingolipids lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol and protect the liver from fat- and cholesterol-induced steatosis.     

复合膳食纤维对大鼠脂代谢的短期作用

目的：　通过研究复合膳食纤维（ Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ） 对大鼠脂代谢的影响,以寻求降脂效果良好的最佳 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 比例配方,为进一步研究 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 可能的作用和机理提供依据。方法：　雌性、断乳 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠４２ 只,经高脂饲料诱导成高脂血症模型后,按体重和血清总胆固醇水平均衡的原则分为６ 组,分别给予总膳食纤维水平一致但比例构成不同的四种复合膳食纤维,以高脂饲料作为对照组,观察其对大鼠血浆和肝脏脂质、粪中胆汁酸含量的影响。结果：　１ ．四种复合膳食纤维对大鼠摄食及生长发育均无不良影响。２ ．可溶性纤维（ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ） 与不可溶性纤维（ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ） 比例为４ ．４ ,２ ．０ 及１ ．０ 的三种 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 均能显著降低高脂血症大鼠的血胆固醇（ Ｔ Ｃ） 、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ） 及肝胆固醇（ Ｌ Ｃ Ｈ） 水平,且这种作用与 Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ／ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ 比值之间密切相关;以 Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ／ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ＝２ ．０ 的 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ Ｂ 作用最佳。３ ．各 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ 均能增高大鼠血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ Ｈ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ） 及 Ｈ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ 与 Ｌ Ｄ Ｌ Ｃ 的比值,仍以 Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ Ｆ／ Ｉ Ｓ Ｄ Ｆ＝ ２ ．０ 的 Ｄ Ｆ Ｃ Ｂ 作用最为显著。４ ．各组动物的粪胆汁酸排泄量高     

Plasma and liver lipid distributions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed sapogenin extract of the Jamaican bitter yam (Dioscorea polygonoides)

Bitter yam (Dioscorea polygonoides) steroidal sapogenin extract and commercial diosgenin were administered to diabetic rats for 21 days. Plasma glucose and lipids were assessed. Liver lipid distributions were also determined.

The two dietary supplements fed to diabetic rats resulted in significant decreased body weight gain. The test diets significantly lowered plasma glucose and total cholesterol. Sapogenin extract supplement significantly lowered plasma total triglycerides. Plasma and liver VLDL+LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced while the HDL fraction was increased in diabetic rats fed the test supplements. These results showed that the consumption of the two supplements maybe useful in the management of hypercholesterolemia often associated with diabetes.     

Prediction of plasma lipids in a cross-sectional sample of young women.

We studied 60 premenopausal women to identify the best predictors of plasma lipid levels. Eligible subjects gave one venous blood sample during menstruation, kept a 3-day food record, completed a demographic questionnaire, had their height and weight measured, and participated in a standardized physical activity interview. Dietary constituents, anthropometric measures, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations, and leisure-time activity level were then examined for relationships to plasma lipids. Pearson correlations revealed associations among diet, adiposity, alcohol intake, and plasma lipids. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was positively related to plasma total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Height and weight were significantly related to total triglycerides. Furthermore, in the multivariate analyses, dietary constituents and height or body weight explained more of the variance in plasma lipids than did physical activity level or sex hormones. The final models for each lipid are as follows: for plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, SFA intake was the only significant predictor, for HDL cholesterol, refined carbohydrate and SFA intake; and for total plasma triglycerides, body weight and crude fiber intake.     

Comparisons of glucose and lipid metabolism in rats fed diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol oils

The effects of dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol-rich oil (DG oil) on biochemical findings related to glucose and lipid metabolisms were investigated in comparison with triacylglycerol oil (TG oil) in normal rats. Young (7 wk-old) and old (8 mo-old) rats were fed a synthetic diet containing 10% (by weight) DC or TG oil for 1, 4, 8, or 12 wk. The body weights, epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue weights, and feed efficiency were not significantly different in the dietary oil groups during any feeding period. The plasma and liver triacylglycerol concentrations were not different in the dietary groups, except that the plasma triacylglycerol concentrations were rather lower only in the portal vein of rats fed DG oil. The plasma glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher in rats fed DG oil as compared to TG oil. In the old rats fed DG oil for 8 wk, the fasted plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were elevated and glucose intolerance was observed. The insulin receptor expression was not different due to dietary oil, but was markedly reduced with aging. Thus, the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of dietary DG oil were not found. Moreover, it appeared that the glucose intolerance might be induced by dietary DG oil, particularly in the old rats.     

Dietary 5-campestenone (campest-5-en-3-one) enhances fatty acid oxidation in perfused rat liver

The effect of dietary 5-campestenone (campest-5-en-3-one), a chemical modification product of a naturally-occurring plant sterol, campesterol, on lipid metabolism was examined using a rat liver perfusion system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 140 g were fed a diet supplemented with or without 0.2% 5-campestenone for 14 d. 5-Campestenone feeding resulted in a marked reduction in the concentrations of serum lipids, such as triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, phospholipid, and free fatty acid, without influencing food intake or growth. Then, isolated livers from both groups were perfused for 4 h in the presence of an exogenous linoelaidic acid substrate. Dietary 5-campestenone markedly elevated hepatic ketone body production, while cumulative secretions of TG, cholesterol, and phospholipid by the livers of rats fed 5-campestenone were all significantly lowered as compared to those fed without the compound: the extent of the reduction was more prominent in the secretion of TG than other lipid components. In addition, the reduction of TG secretion was concomitantly accompanied by the reduced incorporation of both exogenous and endogenous fatty acids into this lipid molecule. These results suggest that dietary 5-campestenone exerts its hypotriglyceridemic effect, at least, in part through an enhanced metabolism of endogenous and exogenous fatty acids to oxidation at the expense of esterification in rat liver.     

Influence of a fiber mixture on serum and liver lipids and on fecal fat excretion in rats

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 per group) were fed a modified AIN-76A diet containing either 10% cellulose or 10% of a proprietary fiber mixture for 21 days. Weight gain and liver weight were similar in the 2 groups but feed efficiency was higher in the test group. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were lowered by 11% and 15%, respectively, by the test diet. Liver cholesterol was lowered significantly in the fiber-fed rats whereas liver triglycerides were elevated. Twenty-four–hour fecal collections were made on days 12 and 19. The weight of feces was unaffected by the test diet, but water content and fecal fat were increased by 27% and 44% and by 99% and 100%, respectively, on days 12 and 19. The amount of Liebermann-Burchard–positive material in the feces was significantly higher in rats fed the test material. The increases on days 12 and 19 were 139% and 105%, respectively.     

Dietary hydrogenated soybean oil affects lipid and vitamin E metabolism in rats

Fatty acids containing stearic acid, which are found in hydrogenated fat, may have a detrimental effect on the cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) content of plasma lipoproteins, and on the absorption of fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. The aim of our study was to examine the tissue concentration of lipids and vitamins A and E after feeding a hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO) diet to rats. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, fed on coconut oil (control) and HSO, respectively in amounts corresponding to 15% of the total feed. Plasma total cholesterol, VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol, lipid peroxidation and daily excretion of the TAG and cholesterol in feces were higher in the HSO than in the control group. TAG values in plasma and liver, and HDL-cholesterol levels in plasma were lower in the HSO than in the control group. The same was true for phospholipids in plasma and for saturated fatty acids, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in the liver and vitamin E in plasma, LDL and adipose tissue. The results of this study provide new evidence concerning the effect of dietary hydrogenated fat on lipid, TAG and vitamin E status, which are important for maintenance of good health. Consumption of dietary HSO may be associated with cardiovascular disease.     

Altered high density lipoprotein composition in manganese-deficient Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats

The objective of this experiment was to determine whether changes in liver cholesterol content, plasma lipids and lipoprotein composition result from dietary manganese (Mn) deficiency in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) and the Wistar (W) rat. Weanling rats of both strains were fed Mn-deficient (1 ppm Mn) or Mn-adequate (45 ppm Mn) diets for 10 wk. After the 10-wk period rats were killed and plasma, liver, kidney and heart were collected. Liver, kidney and heart Mn concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed the Mn-deficient diet than in controls. Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) (density 1.050-1.1963) was isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation. Plasma cholesterol levels were similar for all groups. HDL protein, cholesterol and apo E levels were significantly reduced with Mn deficiency. A shift to a smaller HDL particle was associated with Mn deficiency, based on gradient gel electrophoresis. The shift in size was more pronounced in the SD strain. Liver concentrations of total and free cholesterol were lower with Mn deficiency but more noticeably in the SD group. The results of our study suggest a role for Mn in HDL metabolism in vivo in both SD and W rats with a trend toward a greater effect in the SD strain.