慢性白血病抗原CML28 HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位预测

目的鉴定慢性白血病肿瘤抗原CML28的HIA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 采用超基序和量化基序结合的方法初步预测CM128的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位；利用T2细胞亲合力实验初步验证预测结果。结果 在预测的4个候选CTL表位中，ALVDAGVPM和ALDSDGTLV有较高的亲和力，ALFCGVACA和SLLACCLNA仅有低度亲和力。结论ALVDAGVPM与ALDSDGTLV最有可能是慢性白血病肿瘤抗原CML28的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。     

TRAG-3 HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位的预测及结合力分析

目的：寻找并鉴定TRAG-3来源的HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位，为临床开展基于TRAG-3表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法：应用超基序和量化基序方案预测TRAG-3HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位；采用标准Fmoc方案合成侯选表位，RP-HPLC纯化、分析多肽，质谱鉴定各肽；最后，用T2细胞株测定各肽与HLA-A2.1分子的结合力。结果：超基序和量化基序方案预测出了4个侯选表位肽；标准Fmoc方案合成的各肽经纯化后纯度大于90％，各肽的相对分子质量与理论值一致；在4个侯选表位肽中，ILLRDAGLV(58-66)九肽与HLA-2.1的结合力最强。结论：表位预测的结果与结合力分析实验结果一致性较好，两者联合应用初步认为ILLRDAGLV(58-66)九肽为TRAG-3HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位的可能性最大。     

肿瘤抗原TRAG-3 HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位的鉴定

目的寻找并鉴定TRAG-3来源的HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位，为临床开展基于TRAG-3表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法应用超基序和量化基序方案，预测TRAG-3 HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位。用计算机分子模拟的方法，对预测表位进行分子模拟。用流式细胞仪分析测定各肽与HLA-A2．1分子的结合力。最后，应用HLA-A2．1阳性健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)对其体外诱导的CTL效应进行鉴定。结果应用超基序和量化基序方案，预测出4个候选表位肽，用计算机分子模拟发现其中只有TRAG-3（37-45)不符合HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位的特点。在上述4个九肽中，TRAG-3(58-66)与HLA-A2．1分子的结合力最高。在进一步的CTL诱导实验中，发现TRAG-3(58-66)能够诱导健康志愿者PBMC产生特异性CTL。结论表位预测、计算机分子模拟、结合力分析和体外CTL诱导实验的一致性较好。4种方法一致认为，TRAG-3（58-66）(ILLRDA-GLV)为HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位。该表位肽可望用于基于TRAG-3抗原多肽疫苗的临床实验。     

骨髓瘤抗原Sp17 HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位预测及初步鉴定

目的鉴定骨髓瘤抗原Sp17的HLA-A＊0201限制性CTL表位。方法采用超基序和量化基序法预测Sp17的HLA-A＊0201限制性CTL表位；用T2细胞亲和力实验和稳定性实验对该表位进行初步鉴定。结果超基序和量化基序法预测得出Sp17抗原的4个CTL表位（LLEGLTREI（19-27）、ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）、KEKEEVAAV（111-119）），亲和力实验结果表明LLEGLTREI（19-27）、ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）有较高亲和力，而KEKEEVAAV（111-119）肽亲和力较低；稳定性实验表明ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）与HLA-A＊0201分子结合稳定性较好。结论ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）有可能是骨髓瘤抗原Sa17 HLA-A＊0201限制件CTL表位。     

Ran HLA-A 2.1限制性CTL表位的预测及初步鉴定

目的 寻找并鉴定肿瘤相关抗原Ran来源的HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位，为临床开展基于Ran表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法应用超基序和量化基序相结合的方法初步预测Ran的HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位，利用其与他细胞亲和力实验以及与T2细胞结合稳定性试验初步验证预测结果。结果应用超基序和量化基序相结合的方法得到4个候选表位IMFDVTSRV（88-96），TLGVEVHPL（42-50），YVATLGVEV（39-47）和VLCGNKVDI（118-126），亲和力试验结果显示IMFDVTSRV，TLGVEVHPL和YVATLGVEV有较高的的亲和力而VLCGNKVDI无明显亲和力，结合稳定性试验显示在这4个候选肽中IMFDVTSRV的结合稳定性最好。结论IMFDVTSRV最有可能是肿瘤抗原Ran的HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位。     

肿瘤抗原MAGE-A3新的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位的发现与鉴定

目的:鉴定肿瘤抗原MAGE－A3新的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位。方法:采用CTL表位预测的基序法与二级锚点相结合预测 MAGE-A3的 HLA-A2限制性CTL表位;用计算机分子模拟进行表位的初步筛选;以标准51Cr释放试验检测特异性CTLs诱导活性。结果:在所筛选的4个候选CTL表位中,MAGE-A3201-209可在体外有效诱导特异性CTLs的产生,杀伤靶细胞。结论:MAGE-A3201-209为肿瘤抗原MAGE-A3的新的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位。为基于MAGE-A3的肿瘤治疗性多肽疫苗的设计、研究奠定了基础。     

SARS冠状病毒M蛋白HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位的预测

目的 预测SAR冠状病霉M蛋白的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 联合应用简单基序法和延展基序法。结果 预的测出4个九肽CTL表位。结论通过对SARS冠状病毒M蛋白抗原CTL表位进行预测，从而为SARS冠状病毒M蛋白CTL表位的实验探测和鉴定提供了线索，为认识CTL介导的细胞免疫机制以及基于CTL表位的疫苗研制提供了基础资料。     

HIV-1 Gag抗原HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位预测及改造分析

初步筛选HIV-1 Gag抗原的HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,预测并初步鉴定修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性的变化。采用超基序、蛋白酶解预测等相结合的办法筛选HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,通过氨基酸置换适当修饰,并以T2细胞株测定肽与HLA-A*0201分子的亲和力和稳定性试验来评价修饰后表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性。结果:筛选出3个低亲和性CTL候选表位,经修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间的亲和性均有不同程度的提高。YIYKRWIIL(259-267Y1),YQANFLGKI(429-437Y1)和YTNNPPIPV(249-257Y1)与HLA-A*0201呈高亲和力结合,荧光系数(flurorescene index,FI)分别为2.68、2.54和2.35,同时肽-HLA-A*0201复合物半数解离时间(dissociation complex50,DC50)均大于8h。预测的低亲和力表位经过修饰可能会成为潜在的HLA-A*0201限制性表位。     

鼠Ⅲ型肝炎病毒H-2K~K限制性CTL表位的初步鉴定

目的预测和初步鉴定鼠Ⅲ型肝炎病毒(MHV-3)的CTL表位,为基于慢性肝炎病毒抗原表位的免疫治疗奠定理论基础。方法利用超基序、量化基序及人工神经网络方案相结合预测MHV-3 S蛋白的H-2K~K限制性CTL表位;用分子模拟对候选表位肽做进一步筛选;人工合成相关待测表位肽,利用T2-K~K细胞株测定各肽与H-2K~K分子的结合力。结果结合超基序、量化基序、人工神经网络预测结果及分子模拟结果,预测出了4条候选表位肽。MHC亲和力实验表明,在候选的4条表位肽中,IEPYNGVI(141-148)、YELSGYTV(306-313)与H-2K~K呈中等亲和力结合,荧光系数分别为1.25及1.04。结论表位预测的结果与亲和力分析结果一致性较好,两者联合应用初步认为IEPYNGVI(141-148)及YELSGYTV(306-313)为MHV-3 S蛋白H-2K~K限制性CTL表位的可能性最大,为下一步体内鉴定及基于小鼠肝炎病毒抗原表位的免疫治疗奠定基础。     

HIV-1 pol抗原HLA-A＊0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位预测及改造分析

目的:初步筛选HIV-1 pol抗原的HLA-A*0201 限制性低亲和性CTL表位,预测并初步鉴定修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性的变化.方法:采用超基序、蛋白酶解、HLA结合力等预测相结合的办法筛选HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,通过氨基酸置换适当修饰,并以T2细胞检测HLA-A*0201分子与肽的亲和力和稳定性来评价修饰后表位.结果:筛选出的低亲和性CTL候选表位,经修饰后与HLA-A*0201 之间的亲和性均有不同程度的提高.其中,YVSLSFPQI (pol52-60Y1),YVSQIIEQL(pol673-681Y1),YIQKETWEA(pol548-556Y1)HLA-A*0201呈高亲和力结合,同时肽-HLA-A*0201复合物半数解离时间(Dissociation Complex50,DC50)均大于8 h.结论:预测的pol抗原表位经过修饰可能会成为潜在的HLA-A*0201限制性表位.     

肝素酶HLA-A2限制性CTL表位肽的筛选及其活性鉴定

目的 预测并鉴定新的人乙酰肝素酶(Hpa)抗原的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位,为恶性肿瘤多肽疫苗的免疫治疗提供依据. 方法 采用SYFPEITHI和BIMAS软件预测方法,对肝素酶HLA-A2限制性CTL表位进行预测,合成候选表位肽;利用T2细胞特点,对合成的候选肽与HLA-A2分子进行亲和力分析;利用乳酸脱氢酶释放试验检测待检肽特异性CTL诱导活性;利用ELISPOT检测T细胞活性. 结果 在所筛选的6条候选CTL表位肽中,Hpa(310～318)FLNPDVLDI与HLA-A2分子具有高亲和力,在体外可有效诱导肝素酶特异性CTL的产生,对肝素酶阳性且HLA-A2限制性的HCC-LM6肝癌细胞及SW-480结肠癌细胞具有明显的杀伤效应,且能有效诱导IFN-γ分泌,增强免疫活性. 结论 首次发现Hpa(310～318)FLNPDVLDI可能是肿瘤肝素酶抗原的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位.     

十肽表位HPV-16E711-20氨基酸置换修饰的研究

目的 采用氨基酸置换对人乳头状瘤病毒16型口抗原的人白细胞抗原A2分子限制性细胞毒性T细胞表位HPV-16E7 11-20进行修饰和鉴定。方法 运用量化模体方案对置换后的多肽与人白细胞抗原A2分子的结合系数进行比较，以分子模拟方法确定合成序列，采用标准Fmoc方案进行合成与纯化多肽以及标准^51 Cr释放试验检测特异性细胞毒性T细胞诱导活性。结果 修饰多肽符合人白细胞抗原A2分子限制性细胞毒性T细胞的表位要求，十肽YLLDLQPEVT具有特异性细胞毒性T细胞诱导活性。结论 修饰表位YLLDLQPEVT具有更好的结合力和较强的抗原性，可以代替原有序列E7 11-20（YMLDLQPEIT）作为人乳头状瘤病毒感染治疗性肽疫苗分子设计的新表位。     

Identification of HLA-A24-restricted CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell epitopes derived from mammaglobin-A, a human breast cancer-associated antigen

Human breast cancer-associated antigen, mammaglobin-A (Mam-A), potentially offers a novel therapeutic target as a breast cancer vaccine. In this study, we define the CD8⁺ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to Mam-A-derived candidate epitopes presented in the context of HLA-A24 (A*2402). HLA-A24 has a frequency of 72% in Japanese, 27% in Asian Indian, and 18% in Caucasian populations. Using a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-binding prediction algorithm we identified 7 HLA-A24-restricted Mam-A-derived candidate epitopes (MAA24.1-7). Membrane stabilization studies with TAP-deficient T2 cells transfected with HLA-A2402 (T2.A24) indicated that MAA24.2 (CYAGSGCPL) and MAA24.4 (ETLSNVEVF) have the highest HLA-A24 binding affinity. Further, 2 CD8⁺ CTL cell lines generated in vitro against T2.A24 cells individually loaded with Mam-A-derived candidate epitopes demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity against MAA24.2 and MAA24.4. In addition, the same CD8⁺ CTL lines lysed the HLA-A24⁺/Mam-A⁺ stable transfected human breast cancer cell lines AU565 and MDA-MB-361. However, these CTLs had no cytotoxicity against HLA-A24^-/Mam-A⁺ and HLA-A24⁺/Mam-A^- breast cancer cell lines. In summary, our results define HLA-A24-restricted, Mam-A-derived, CD8⁺ CTL epitopes that can potentially be employed for Mam-A-based breast cancer vaccine therapy to breast cancer patients with HLA-A24 phenotype.     

Identification of an epitope from the epithelial cell adhesion molecule eliciting HLA-A*2402-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses

Because the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) is expressed in almost all carcinomas and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*2402 is the most common allele in many ethnic groups, including Japanese, the identification of peptide sequences, which elicit HLA-A*2402-restricted Ep-CAM-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses, would facilitate specific immunotherapy for various histological types of carcinomas. An epitope was identified through the following steps: (i) computer-based epitope prediction from the amino acid sequence of Ep-CAM, (ii) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) stabilization assay to determine the affinity of the predicted peptide with HLA-A*2402 molecules, (iii) stimulation of CD8+ T cells with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells and (iv) testing the CTL specificity by means of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays, CTL assays and MHC/peptide-tetramer staining. Peripheral CD8+ T cells of four of five healthy donors after three rounds of stimulation with the peptide Ep-CAM173-181 (RYQLDPKFI) secreted interferon-gamma in ELISPOT assays when exposed to the peptide. A CTL clone specific to the peptide efficiently lysed Ep-CAM-expressing cancer cell lines in an HLA-A*2402-restricted fashion. Endogenous processing and presentation of the peptide in a lung cancer cell line were confirmed by means of cold target inhibition assays. The CTL clone was also lytic to normal bronchial epithelial cells but to a lesser extent at low effector: target ratios. All these data suggest that the peptide-specific CTL responses may play some roles both in anti-cancer and autoimmune reactions. The peptide should prove useful to study anti-Ep-CAM CTL responses among population possessing HLA-A*2402.     

Cytotoxic T cells to an epitope in the islet autoantigen IA-2 are not disease-specific

Cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes (CTL) are effectors of pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes but, with the exception of a single report, CTL to islet antigen peptides have not been identified. We used autologous blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells to elicit HLA-A2-restricted CTL to a peptide, MVWESGCTV (aa 797-805), that is contiguous with a dominant CD4 T-cell epitope in the islet antigen tyrosine phosphatase IA-2. IA-2 peptide-specific CTL activity measured as 51Cr release from autologous lymphoblasts was detected in 2/6 islet antibody-positive relatives at high risk for type 1 diabetes but also in 2/6 closely HLA-matched controls. All subjects had CTL activity to an HLA-A2-restricted Epstein-Barr virus peptide. CTL to the IA-2 self-peptide were therefore not disease-specific, consistent with other evidence that autoreactive T cells are present in healthy individuals.     

Prediction of HLA class I-restricted T-cell epitopes of islet autoantigen combined with binding and dissociation assays

Identification of cognate peptides recognized by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)/T cell receptor (TCR) complex provides insight into the pathogenic process of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesize that HLA-binding assays alone are inadequate metrics for the affinity of peptides. Zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) has emerged in recent years as a novel, major, human autoantigen. Therefore, we aim to identify the HLA-A2-restricted ZnT8 epitopes using both binding and dissociation assays. HLA class I peptide affinity algorithms were used to predict candidate ZnT8 peptides that bind to HLA-A2. We analyzed 15 reported epitopes of seven β-cell candidate autoantigens and eight predicted candidate ZnT8 peptides using binding and dissociation assays. Using IFN-γ ELISpot assay, we tested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from recent-onset T1D patients and healthy controls for reactivity to seven reported epitopes and eight candidate ZnT8 peptides directly ex vivo. We found five of seven recently reported epitopes in Chinese T1D patients. Of the eight predicted ZnT8 peptides, ZnT8(153-161) had a strong binding affinity and the lowest dissociation rate to HLA-A*0201. We identified it as a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope in three of eight T1D patients. We conclude that ZnT8(153-161) is a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope. We did not observe a significant correlation (P = 0.3, R = - 0.5) between cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response and peptide/HLA*0201 complex stability. However, selection of peptides based on affinity and their dissociation rate may be helpful for the identification of candidate CTL epitopes. Thus, we can minimize the number of experiments for the identification of T-cell epitopes from interesting antigens.     

癌-睾丸抗原MAGEC2 HLA-A3限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位的鉴定

目的:预测并初步鉴定HLA-A3超型限制性MAGEC2抗原特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)表位肽,为基于超型表位的MAGEC2治疗提供实验基础及新的候选靶标。方法:通过BIMAS、SYFPEITHI和IEDB软件预测打分来选取MAGEC2的HLA-A3限制性表位;结合力实验用于检测候选表位与T2A3细胞表面HLA-A3分子的结合能力,ELISPOT实验检测候选表位肽诱导的CTL分泌IFN-γ的能力,体外细胞毒实验检测侯选表位肽诱导的CTL杀伤靶细胞的能力。结果 :表位肽P147、P167、P196、P229和P251具有较好的HLA-A3结合力。ELISPOT实验结果显示表位肽P167、P196和P251诱导的CTL具有分泌IFN-γ的能力。细胞毒实验结果显示表位肽P196和P251诱导的CTL对靶细胞有一定的杀伤作用(P0.05或P0.01)。结论 :P196和P251有更高的HLA-A3分子亲和力,保留了原有的免疫原性,是优秀的MAGEC2抗原的HLA-A3限制性CTL候选表位,可以成为新的抗肿瘤多肽免疫治疗疫苗的候选表位。     

Identification of HLA-A24-restricted CTL epitope encoded by the matrix protein pp65 of human cytomegalovirus

The activation of a specific cellular immune response against human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important key factor to solving CMV infection after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In the present study, our purpose was to identify the HLA-A24-restricted cytotoxic T cell (CTL) epitope from the CMV immunogenic matrix protein pp65. We selected five CMV pp65 peptides with HLA-A24 binding motif from the HLA peptide binding predictions web site. Peptide binding assay was performed using biotinylated HLA-A24-restricted MAGE-1 peptide as a reference peptide and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient T2-A24 cells expressing high level of HLA-A24 protein as target cells. After co-incubation of biotinylated MAGE-1 and titrated amounts of competitor peptides with T2-A24 cells, the binding of each peptide was analyzed on a flow cytometer. Peptide binding assay showed that three out of five peptides derived from CMV pp65 bound to T2-A24 cells with various affinity levels. CTL induction assay using peptide-pulsed DC derived from eight HLA-A24(+) donors revealed that the peptide (QYDPVAALF) with the highest affinity was able to elicit potent CTLs which killed peptide-pulsed TISI cells. These CTLs were found to show the killing activity against human fibroblast cells transduced with both HLA-A*2402 and CMV pp65 cDNAs, and CMV-infected HLA-A24(+) fibroblast cells. These results suggested that the peptide (QYDPVAALF) is one of HLA-A24-restricted CTL epitope derived from CMV pp65 protein and may be of therapeutic value in peptide-based vaccines against CMV infection in BMT patients.