幽门螺杆菌感染对功能性消化不良患者胃排空功能的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染对功能性消化不良(FD)患者胃运动和胃排空功能的影响。方法:13例Hp阳性FD和9例Hp阴性FD患者接受SPECT胃排空检测,获得液体、固体食物的胃排空和胃内分布参数;另外47例Hp阳性FD和21例Hp阴性FD患者在进食10％葡萄糖500ml后采用B超胃窦面积法检测其胃窦收缩幅度(A)、收缩频率(F)、胃窦运动指数(MI)、半排空时间(T(50))和全排空时间(T)。结果:进食lO％葡萄糖500ml后,Hp阳性患者的胃窦收缩幅度(O.29±0.05)、收缩频率(3.9±1.7)、胃窦运动指数(44.7±7.2min)与Hp阴性FD患者无显著差异(A:0.29±0.07;F:3.7±104;MI:0.54±0.24;T_(50):22.9±4.1;T:44.2±6.8;P值均>0.05)。固体和液体食物的半排空时间及胃内分布在Hp阳性和Hp阴性的FD患者中也无显著性差异(P>O.05)。结论:Hp感染不影响FD患者的胃运动和排空功能。     

Comparison of Gastric Electrical Activity and Gastric Emptying in Healthy and Dyspeptic Children

To assess and compare gastric electrical activity and gastric emptying recorded from dyspeptic and healthy children, cutaneous electrogastrography and ultrasound examination of the gastric emptying were simultaneously performed in 52 children with nonulcer dyspepsia and 114 healthy children. Symptoms were scored from 0 (none) to 6 (severe). A higher percentage of tachygastria, a higher instability of gastric power, and a lower post/preprandial ratio were present in dyspeptic children than healthy children. As regards the ultrasound parameters, the fasting antral area and T1/2 were similar in dyspeptic children and controls. Only 32% of dyspeptic children had a normal gastric emptying time vs 66% of healthy children. Marked postprandial antral dilatation was found in the dyspeptic children, which correlated with the total symptom score. Electrogastrographic and gastric emptying parameters show specific differences in dyspeptic children with respect to controls, both fasting and after a meal. The postprandial antral distension correlates with the severity of the symptoms.     

Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Not Associated with Delayed Gastric Emptying or Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Diabetes Mellitus

This study evaluated the relationship between gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal symptoms with H. pylori status in patients with diabetes mellitus. Sixty-three outpatients (44 type 1, 19 type 2, age 45 ± 1.5 years) underwent measurements of gastric emptying of a mixed solid and liquid meal, gastrointestinal symptoms (gastric and esophageal), glycemic control (HbA_lc), and autonomic nerve function. Anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies were quantified using a validated kit. Gastric emptying of solid and/or liquid was delayed in 47 (75%) patients, and 31 (49%) had autonomic neuropathy. Fifteen (24%) of the patients were H. pylori positive. There were no differences in gastric emptying (solid retention at 100 min: 67.5 ± 5.7% vs 63.2 ± 3.6%; P = 0.63, liquid T50: 35.5 ± 2.9 min vs 42.5 ± 3.4 min; P = 0.42), upper gastrointestinal symptoms (gastric 3.9 ± 0.7 vs 4.0 ± 0.4; P = 0.94 or esophageal 1.7 ± 0.5 vs 1.3 ± 0.2; P = 0.42) or HbA_lc (8.8 ± 0.4% vs 8.6 ± 0.2%; P = 0.89) between H. pylori-positive and -negative patients. We conclude that H. pylori infection is not associated with delayed gastric emptying or upper gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetes.     

胃液、血清一氧化氮与功能性消化不良患者胃排空及幽门螺杆菌关系初探

目的探讨功能性消化不良(Functional Dyspepsia,FD)患者胃液及血清一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)含量与胃液排空的关系;幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.Pylori)感染对FD患者胃液及血清NO含量的影响.方法选取54例FD患者、20位无症状健康志愿者,分别进行胃液排空时间、H.pylori感染的检查;以亚硝酸盐法检测空腹胃液及血清中NO浓度.结果 H.pylori阳性与H.pylori阴性的FD患者比较,胃液及血清NO含量无明显差异(P＞0.05),在胃排空延迟FD患者中H.pylori阳性及H.pylori阴性患者胃液及血清NO含量亦无明显差异(P＞O.05);FD患者胃液NO浓度明显高于无症状健康志愿者(P=0.01),血清NO浓度也高于无症状志愿者,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05),胃排空延迟的FD患者血清NO浓度与无症状健康志愿者相比P=0.056,而那些胃排空显著延迟(≥50 nin)的FD患者血清NO浓度明显高于无症状健康志愿者(P＜0.01);胃排空延迟的FD患者与胃排空正常的FD患者比较,胃液及血清NO含量增加,但以胃液NO浓度增加意义显著(83.0±10.4 vs 72.9±8.3,P＜0.001),血清NO浓度仅在胃排空显著延迟(≥50 min)的FD患者出现有统计学意义的增高(161.4±16.1 vs 139.3±22.9 P＜0.01),FD患者胃排空时间与胃液NO浓度呈直线正相关(r=0.53,P＜0.01),FD患者胃排空时间与血清NO浓度无直线相关性(r=0.19,P＞0.05),FD患者胃液NO浓度的稳定性高于血清(变异系数13.6%vs 16.5%).结论 H.pylori感染不影响FD患者血清及胃液NO浓度;FD患者胃排空延迟者胃液NO浓度增高,血清NO浓度仅在胃排空时间显著延长者增高;胃液NO浓度较血清NO浓度更稳定,胃液NO浓度与FD患者胃排空时间呈正相关;在研究FD患者胃排空与NO关系时,胃液NO浓度较血清NO浓度更稳定、更具有代表意义.     

Higher Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Dyspeptic Patients Who Do Not Have Gastric Phase III of the Migrating Motor Complex

Background: So far, only a few and conflicting data are available about the possible correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and disorders of gastrointestinal motility. Methods: In the present study we have evaluated the interdigestive manometric recordings from the stomach and duodenum of 100 consecutive dyspeptic patients, to ascertain whether the absence of phase III of the migrating motor complex (MMC) might be associated with a different prevalence of H. pylori infection. All the patients who entered a protocol study for functional dyspepsia had endoscopic examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract with at least two biopsy specimens from both the gastric antrum and corpus (for histologic evaluation, with search for Helicobacter-like organisms). Then, 240-min interdigestive manometric recordings, with evaluation of activity fronts (phase III of the MMC), starting from the stomach and the duodenum, were made. Results and Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that in patients without evidence of gastric phase III of MMC the prevalence of H. pylori colonization is significantly (P = 0.032) higher.     

幽门螺杆菌感染十二指肠溃疡患者胃排空功能改变的研究

目的：研究十二指肠溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌感染与胃排空功能的关系。方法;根据Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色与快速尿素酶检测结果７６例经胃镜证实的ＤＵ分为ＨＰ阴性和ＨＰ阳性两组。健康对照组１３例。用＾９９ｍＴｃ标记法对以上３组对象进行液体与固体胃排空检查。     

Long-Term Follow-up Study of Gastric Emptying and Helicobacter pylori Eradication Among Patients with Functional Dyspepsia

Studies on the influence of Helicobacter pylori gastritis on gastric motility have produced inconclusive results. We investigated the effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia in a placebo-controlled double-blind study with one year follow-up. A standardized scintigraphic double-tracer examination was used. Of the 40 subjects, 29 were H. pylori-positive patients with functional dyspepsia and 11 were asymptomatic control subjects. Gastric emptying parameters were: postlag 50% retention time for solids (T50), gastric emptying half-time for liquids (T1/2), solid lag duration, and intragastric distribution of solids. At baseline, the scintigraphic examination was performed for all study subjects to detect any major alterations between dyspeptic patients and asymptomatic control subjects. Thereafter every patient was randomized to receive either H. pylori eradication therapy or placebo; in addition they also received omeprazole 20 mg once a day for three months to stabilize the acid suppression therapy. After one year scintigraphy was repeated for the patients. The solid lagtime was prolonged among dyspeptic patients compared with asymptomatic controls (P = 0.02). After one year there was no significant difference between H. pylori-eradicated and placebo-treated patients in any gastric emptying parameter. However, good reproducibility of the scintigraphic examination showing the gastric emptying rate of solids (r = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.07–0.69; P = 0.02) and liquids (r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.09–0.69; P = 0.02) continued even after one year of follow-up. In conclusion, eradication of H. pylori has no impact on gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia, but the long-term trend in individual gastric emptying rate is stable.     

Frequency of Helicobacter pylori and Gastritis in Healthy Subjects without Gastrointestinal Symptoms

To investigate the frequency of Helicobacter pylori and gastritis in asymptomatic adults, 30 healthy volunteers underwent upper endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the corporeal and antral mucosa of the stomach. The specimens were examined by light microscopy for gastritis and the occurrence of H. pylori. In 12 subjects signs of gastritis were noted at endoscopy, but only in 7 of them was this diagnosis confirmed histologically. No other abnormalities were observed by the endoscopist. Histologic examination was normal in 17 subjects, but in 13 subjects (43%) inflammation was found in the gastric specimens. Ten had inflammation both in the corpus and in the prepyloric specimens, and in six of these subjects H. pylori was discovered. H. pylori was only found in subjects with inflammation in both the corpus and the antrum. Subjects with gastritis were slightly older than subjects with normal gastric mucosa (median age, 47 versus 37 years; not significant). In the group of subjects with gastritis, persons with H. pylori were older than those without (median age, 53.5 versus 36 years; p = 0.05). The results of our study indicate that gastritis is present before colonization with H. pylori occurs. This could imply that H. pylori is not the cause of gastritis but that the presence of gastritis is a prerequisite for colonization of the bacterium in the stomach.     

Symptom Patterns and Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Dyspeptic Patients with and Without Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been proposed as a mechanism of functional dyspepsia, but its role is still unclear. Our aim was to investigate the association between HP infection and dyspeptic symptoms and to verify whether the infection affects the pathophysiological mechanism of functional dyspepsia. The presence of HP and its association with dyspeptic symptoms were studied in 326 patients. Also, the effect of HP infection on solid/liquid gastric emptying rates, gastric sensitivity, and accommodation to meal was studied. HP was present in 17% of the patients, who showed symptom prevalence similar to that of HP-negative patients. Presence of HP did not significantly affect gastric emptying rates for solids and liquids, discomfort sensitivity thresholds (8.7 +/- 0.3 vs 9.8 +/- 0.9 mm Hg), or meal-induced gastric relaxation (133 +/- 12 vs 125 +/- 29 ml; all P's NS). In conclusion, in patients with functional dyspepsia the presence of HP infection does not seem to affect significantly the overall prevalence of symptoms or the gastric sensory-motor functions.     

Gastric Emptying and Dyspeptic Symptoms in Patients with Nonautoimmune Fundic Atrophic Gastritis

Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between gastric emptying and demographic, clinical, histological, and secretory features in patients with nonautoimmune fundic atrophic gastritis. Only 31% of 45 patients with fundic atrophic gastritis presented with achlorhydria. Scintigraphic gastric emptying of solids was delayed compared to healthy controls. Patients with achlorhydria showed gastric emptying rates lower than those with preserved acid secretion. Significant, but weak, correlations were observed between emptying rates and both peak acid output (Rs = 0.33) and serum gastrin levels (Rs = –0.36), but not with grading of mucosal atrophy. No symptom differences were observed between patients with or without achlorhydria, but a weak correlation was detected between peak acid output and the severity of epigastric pain (Rs = 0.40). In conclusion, patients with fundic atrophic gastritis present delayed gastric emptying that is weakly related to the reduction of the acid secretion and the raising of serum gastrin levels rather than to the severity of the atrophy.     

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia: Effects on Basal and Bombesin-Stimulated Serum Gastrin and Gastric Acid Secretion

Background: This study evaluates the effect of eradicating Helicobacter pylori on basal and bombesin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Methods: Before and 1 month after an attempt to eradicate H. pylori basal and bombesin-stimulated gastric acid outputs were measured in 23 patients. H. pylori was eradicated in 15 patients (group A) but not in the other 8 (group B). Incremental gastric acid output was calculated by subtracting basal from bombesin-stimulated values. Results: Basal acid output increased significantly (p = 0.01) after therapy in group A (Δ 1.6 ± 0.6 mmol/h) but not in group B (Δ0.2 ± 0.5 mmon). Incremental gastric acid output decreased distinctly (Δ-3.9 ± 1.4mmol/h) after therapy in group A (p = 0.02) but not in group B (Δ-2.2 ± 1.7mmol/h). Basal serum gastrin decreased significantly (p < 0.005) after therapy in group A (Δ -9 ± 4 pM) but not in group B (Δ-1 ± 2pM). Integrated serum gastrin responses to bombesin decreased markedly (p < 0.001) after therapy in group A (Δ-5.0 ± 1.6 nM60min) but slightly in group B (Δ-0.9 ± 1.3nM60min) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia basal serum gastrin concentrations decrease but basal gastric acid outputs increase after eradication of H. pylori. Bombesin-induced increments in gastric acid output, however, decrease in parallel with gastrin release.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对功能性消化不良患者胃酸分泌的影响

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染对功能性消化不良(FD)患者胃酸和胃泌素分泌的影响。方法:54例符合FD诊断标准的患者中,Hp阳性23例,Hp阴性31例,所有患者都进行空腹血清胃泌素、基础胃酸排出量(BAO)、五肽胃泌素刺激后的最大胃酸排出量(MAO)和高峰胃酸排出量(PAO)的测定。对照组为Hp阳性的十二指肠溃疡病(DU)患者55例。结果:FD患者中,Hp阳性者与Hp阴性者比较,空腹血清胃泌素(103.1±33.7pg/ml vs 113.3±34.1pg/ml)和BAO(5.21±3.86mmol/h vs 4.80±6.08mmol/h)无明显差异(P>0.05);而Hp阳性者的MAO和PAO分别为16.3±9.30mmol/h和23.6±14.2mmol/h,与Hp阴性者(分别为10.1±8.88mmol/h和14.2±11.3mmol/h)比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。Hp阳性的FD患者,其BAO、MAO、PAO及空腹血清胃泌素与Hp阳性的十二指肠溃疡病患者(后者分别为10.4±0.81mmol/h、24.2±1.08mmol/h、31.2±13.1mmol/h和148.5±13.1pg/ml)比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:Hp阳性的FD患者,其胃粘膜壁细胞对五肽胃泌素刺激的敏感性增加,刺激后胃酸分泌增高,但增高的程度低于Hp阳性的十二指肠溃疡病患者,提示Hp感染在FD患者的胃酸分泌中可能起一定作用。     

Hyperglycemia Attenuates Erythromycin-Induced Acceleration of Liquid-Phase Gastric Emptying of Hypertonic Liquids in Healthy Subjects

Acute hyperglycemia has been associated with delayed gastric emptying in healthy controls. Erythromycin has recently been found to be a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent in both solids and hypertonic liquids. Our aim was to examine whether the acute steady-state hyperglycemia reduces the erythromycin-induced acceleration of gastric emptying of hypertonic liquids after a fasted state of the stomach in healthy subjects. In 12 healthy subjects scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying of a hypertonic radiolabeled liquid meal, during normoglycemia (5–8.9 mmol/l glucose) or induced hyperglycemia (16–19 mmol/liter glucose) by intravenous glucose infusion after giving either placebo or 200 mg intravenous erythromycin, was performed on four separate days in random order. In the hyperglycemic state compared with normoglycemia, either after placebo administration or erythromycin, the gastric emptying of the hypertonic liquid was reduced. The lag-phase duration was significantly increased (17.5 ± 5.5 min, and 7.2 ± 4.5 min vs 10.5 ± 3.4 min, and 3.5 ± 2.5 min, respectively, P < 0.0001) as were the overall T1/2 (gastric emptying time of the half meal) (52.5 ± 13 min and 24.5 ± 5.5 min vs 42 ± 10.5 min, and 16 ± 6 min, respectively, P < 0.0001) and the percentage of liquid meal retained in the stomach at 60 and 100 min postprandially (P < 0.001). In conclusion, hyperglycaemia attenuates the acceleration effect of erythromycin and decreases the overall gastric emptying rate of hypertonic liquids in healthy subjects.     

Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Randomly Selected Population,Healthy Volunteers,and Patients with Gastric Ulcer and Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Seroprevalence Study in Taiwan

To investigate the association of Helicobacter pylori and gastric ulcer and adenocarcinoma, IgG antibodies against H. pylori were examined in 823 randomly selected subjects, 92 healthy volunteers, 117 patients with gastric ulcer, and 148 with gastric adenocarcinomas in Taiwan, where the prevalence of gastric adenocarcinoma is high. The seropositivity of this population in Taiwan was 54.4%. Gastric ulcer patients had a higher seropositivity (83.8%) than healthy volunteers (62.0%) and gastric adenocarcinoma patients (62.2%) (P< 0.001). Gender difference, blood type, and habit of smoking were not associated with the seroprevalence in any study groups. Gastric ulcer coexistent with duodenal ulcer had a higher seropositivity (94.7%) (P < 0.05). The seropositivity of H. pylori in gastric adenocarcinoma patients was higher than in healthy volunteers only in younger age and was not associated with histologic type, invasion, and location of major tumors. The results reemphasize the association of H. pylori infection with gastric ulcer but not with gastric adenocarcinoma in Taiwan.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对胃黏膜病理变化的影响

背景：幽门螺杆菌(H．pylori)感染已被公认为慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡的重要危险因素，根除H．pylori能加速消化性溃疡的愈合，但其对胃黏膜病理变化的影响尚有待进一步探索。目的：了解根除H．pylori对慢性胃炎胃黏膜病理变化和癌前状态的影响。方法：采用多中心随机对照临床试验和回顾性队列研究，样本选自胃癌高发区：上海郊区的金山区和奉贤区。共纳入360例经内镜检查证实有H．pylori感染的慢性胃炎伴或不伴十二指肠溃疡患者，随机分为两组。治疗组用三联疗法(质子泵抑制剂或Hz受体阻滞剂加两种抗生素)治疗，对照组单纯慢性胃炎患者予西沙必利、十二指肠溃疡患者予西米替丁治疗。在第1年和第4年末随访胃镜，根据H．pylori是否根除将患者分为两组：H．pylori阳性组和H．pylori阴性组。所有胃黏膜活检标本由两位病理科医师统一复读。结果：至第4年末，有120例患者完成全部随访，其中H．pylori持续根除组54例，阳转组5例；H．pylori持续未根除组45例，阴转组16例。持续根除组第1年随访时，活动性炎症比例减少(P＜O．05)；第4年随访时，慢性炎症和肠化程度以及活动性炎症比例减少(P＜O．05)。持续未根除组第1年随访时，慢性炎症程度增加(P＜O．05)；第4年随访时，慢性炎症和肠化程度以及活动性炎症比例增加(P＜O．05)，萎缩程度较第1年随访时增加(P＜O．05)。结论：根除H．pylori可以减轻慢性胃炎的炎症程度，防止肠化的发生和发展。     

Does Helicobacter pylori infection affect gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia?

The objectives of the study were first, to determine if gastric emptying was altered in patients with functional dyspepsia with and without Helicobacter pylori infection compared with normal healthy volunteers; and second, to determine if there were further alterations in gastric emptying when the infection was eradicated. Gastric emptying was measured using a ^99mtechnetium radiolabelled solid meal and gastric emptying time was measured as t_1/2, viz. time taken for half the radiolabelled meal to be emptied from the stomach. The mean gastric emptying time for H. pylori-positive patients (n= 20) was 56.4±24.8 min; H. pylori-negative patients (n= 19) 67.8±31.8 min; and normal controls (n= 20) 58.8 ± 18.8 min. No significant difference was obtained between the groups (ANOVA; P= 0.348). Thirteen of 18 H. pylori-positive patients successfully eradicated the infection following treatment with omeprazole 40 mg o.m. and amoxycillin 500 mg t.d.s. for 2 weeks. The mean difference in the gastric emptying time before and H. pylori eradication was 23.9 + 13.2 min (P= 0.556). There was no significant difference in the frequency of specific dyspeptic symptoms as well as the overall mean symptom score between the H. pylori-positive and -negative patients. Gastric emptying was not different between patients with functional dyspepsia and normal controls. Helicobacter pylori infection does not appear to affect gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对胃上皮细胞凋亡的影响

本文采用切口末端标记方法前瞻性观察了16例正常胃牯膜标本和31例幽门螺杆菌阳性胃炎患者抗幽门螺杆菌治疗前后胃窦部上皮细胞凋亡的变化。结果表明,幽门螺杆菌感染者的凋亡指数(0.7044)明显高于正常对照者(P<0.005);幽门螺杆菌根除后凋亡指数由0.7624降至0.1159(P<0.005),而持续阳性者则无明显降低;凋亡指数与胃炎程度无关。提示幽门螺杆菌能促进胃上皮细胞凋亡,这可能是幽门螺杆菌引起胃癌和溃疡的重要机理。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与原发性胃淋巴瘤

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与原发性胃淋巴瘤、胃MALT淋巴瘤的关系。方法:经内镜、手术诊断的胃淋巴瘤患者29例,其中男19例,女10例;年龄30～75岁,中位年龄52.5岁。胃粘膜标本切片,采用HE及Warthin-Starry染色后观察组织中有无Hp感染。结果:原发性胃淋巴瘤患者29例,胃粘膜组织中发现Hp感染24例,阳性率82.8％。其中胃MALT淋巴瘤8例,Hp感染7例,阳性率87.5％。明显高于同期胃良性病变Hp阳性率46％(P<0.01)。29例中11例进行了术后随访,3例仍存在Hp感染,阳性率27.3％:结论:Hp感染在原发性胃淋巴瘤的发病机制中起一定作用。