Moss Miami内固定系统治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨应用Moss Miami内固定系统手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法应用Moss Miami系统手术治疗退变性腰椎滑脱32例，其中Ⅰ度滑脱12例，Ⅱ度13例，Ⅲ度7例；最短随访时间为1a。结果术后及随访时的X线显示平均复位率在82．5％，无明显复位丢失。临床疗效综合评价优良率达90％以上。结论在手术中进行阶段性彻底减压的条件下，应用Moss Miami内固定系统结合椎间支撑融合很好地恢复了腰椎正常的解剖关系，可以获得滑脱腰椎的基本复位，具有良好的临床效果。该系统是治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的最理想的内固定之一。     

通用型脊柱椎弓根内固定系统治疗腰椎滑脱的临床研究

目的 观察自行研制的通用型脊柱内固定系统用于退行性腰椎滑脱患者手术治疗的疗效。方法 16例退行性腰椎滑脱合并椎管狭窄的患者,均接受了通用型脊柱内固定系统手术治疗。其中男10例,女6例。平均年龄58．5岁(42～72岁)。术前Ⅰ度滑脱10例,Ⅱ度滑脱6例,术后定期随访记录患者的症状改善、滑脱复位程度及并发症等情况。结果 16例患者术后平均随访21．2个月(18～24个月),术后即刻及末次随访时X线摄片显示滑脱腰椎均完全复位,于末次随访时15例患者术前临床症状均消失,滑脱复位满意且无丢失,后外侧植骨融合术后及随访过程中未发现与植入物或手术相关的并发症。结论 初步结果显示,通用型脊柱内固定系统用于腰椎滑脱的手术治疗可获得满意的滑椎复位效果和良好临床疗效。     

Moss Miami内固定系统在腰椎退行性不稳症手术中的应用

目的探讨Moss Miami内固定系统在腰椎退行性不稳症手术治疗中的应用价值.方法 从2002年1月到2003年5月间,对28例腰椎退行性不稳症者采取后路减压、后外侧植骨融合、Moss Miami系统内固定治疗,术后定期摄片随访,对其症状缓解、植骨融合、内固定及感染等并发症情况进行观察.结果所有患者获得16～32个月(平均22个月)的随访,根据JOA评分,本组患者改善率为79%～98%,平均为86%;术后6个月融合率为82.1%,9个月融合率为89.3%;无患者死亡,2例出现局部并发症;无螺钉松动及断裂发生.结论椎弓根螺钉内固定、减压加后外侧植骨融合治疗腰椎退行性不稳症具有并发症少、融合率高、疗效好的优点,Moss Miami内固定系统操作简便,切迹低,适用于腰椎退行性不稳症的治疗.     

过伸复位椎板扩大开窗椎体间植骨融合内固定术治疗中青年Ⅰ、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的手术治疗经验。方法对18例中青年Ⅰ度、Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的患者采用过伸复位椎板扩大开窗椎体间植骨融合内固定术。结果所有患者术后均获得随访,术后随访6～12个月,平均10个月,17例症状消失,优良率94．4％,1例术后偶有下腰痛,能正常工作。结论过伸复位椎板扩大开窗椎体间植骨融合内固定术治疗腰椎滑脱症手术效果满意。     

腰椎滑脱的减压、内固定与融合术

目的观察采用腰椎管减压、横突间植骨、Cage椎间融合器和SOCON内固定治疗腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄的早期疗效。方法从1997年12月～1999年12月,对38例腰椎滑脱患者采用腰椎管减压,横突间植骨和SOCON内固定手术进行治疗。术前X线检查按Meyerding分度,Ⅰ度滑脱32例,Ⅱ度滑脱6例;L4,5滑脱29例,L5S1滑脱9例。结果术后平均随访18.2个月(14～26个月),比较手术前后临床症状和X线片滑脱复位程度,38例患者中,31例症状完全消失,优良率为81.6%。32例Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位,4例Ⅱ度滑脱完全复位,2例Ⅱ度滑脱复位达90%,解剖复位率达94.7%。结论应用SOCON内固定治疗腰椎滑脱,效果良好,复位满意。     

DRFS椎弓根螺钉系统治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的：探讨腰椎整复减压和DRFS固定及植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法：自1998年2月～2002年2月，22例经保守治疗无效的腰椎滑脱患者接受上述方法手术治疗，Ⅰ度滑脱8例，Ⅱ度滑脱12例，Ⅲ度滑脱2例；L4／5 5例，L5／S1 17例。比较手术前后临床症状和X线片滑脱程度。结果：术后平均随访6个月(3～12个月)，20例(90．9％)滑脱完全复位，其余2例滑脱明显改善。17例腰腿痛症状全部消失，4例腰腿痛症状大部分消失，1例腰腿痛症状较前有所减轻。结论：应用DRFS内固定复位效果良好，临床效果满意。     

TENOR系统治疗腰椎滑脱的近期疗效

目的 :观察TENOR椎弓根钉系统固定及插入型融合器或横突间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱的近期疗效。方法 :从 2 0 0 0年 12月～ 2 0 0 3年 2月 ,对 3 1例腰椎滑脱患者采用腰椎管减压、插入型融合器或横突间植骨和TENOR内固定手术进行治疗。术前X线检查 :Ⅰ度滑脱 15例 ,Ⅱ度滑脱 15例 ,Ⅲ度滑脱 1例 ;L4滑脱 17例 ,L5滑脱 14例。结果 :术后平均随访 15 3个月 (12～ 2 2个月 ) ,比较手术前后临床症状和X线片滑脱复位程度 ,3 1例患者中 ,2 7例症状完全消失 ,优良率 87 1% ,解剖复位率达 93 5 %。结论 :应用TENOR内固定治疗腰椎滑脱 ,效果良好 ,复位满意。     

RF-Ⅱ复位内固定后路减压椎间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的:探讨RF-Ⅱ复位内固定、后路腰椎管减压、椎间融合器和小关节突间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法:对37例腰椎滑脱患者进行腰椎管减压、RF-Ⅱ复位内固定、VigorSpacer椎间融合和小关节突间植骨的手术治疗。其中Ⅰ度滑脱27例,Ⅱ度滑脱10例;L4/5滑脱12例,L5/S1滑脱25例;33例为峡部裂性,4例为退行性。结果:随访10～38个月,平均23.6个月,33例症状完全消失,优良率89.2%;27例Ⅰ度滑脱完全复位,10例Ⅱ度滑脱8例完全复位,椎间融合率97.3%;椎间高度由术前平均4.1mm恢复至术后11.7mm,无高度丢失。结论:后路减压、RF-Ⅱ复位内固定、VigorSpacer椎间融合和小关节突间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱症效果满意。     

单枚斜向Cage、脊柱滑脱复位内固定系统加后路减压术治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨后路腰椎管减压、脊柱滑脱复位内固定系统(spondylolisthesis reduction system,SRS)复位内固定、单枚斜向Cage和小关节突间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱并腰椎管狭窄的临床疗效。方法2002年6月-2006年6月,对58例腰椎滑脱患者行后路腰椎管减压、SRS复位内固定、单枚斜向Vigor Spacer Cage椎间融合和小关节突间植骨的手术治疗。男47例,女11例;年龄32～66岁,平均45.8岁。病程3个月～7年,中位病程25个月。根据Meyerding分类法,Ⅰ度滑脱38例,Ⅱ度滑脱20例。L4、5滑脱21例,L5、S1滑脱37例。44例为峡部裂性,14例为退行性。椎间高度1.5～10.5mm,平均5.1mm。结果患者手术时间50～90min,平均65min;术中出血量200～500mL,平均250mL。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无术后并发症发生。58例均获随访,随访时间10～38个月,平均23.6个月。根据Macrab评定标准,优54例,良3例,可1例,优良率98.3%。Ⅰ度滑脱者完全复位;Ⅱ度滑脱19例完全复位,1例复位1/2;完全复位率98.3%。术后3～6个月57例椎间融合,融合率98.3%。患者椎间高度恢复至9.6～12.5mm,平均11.6mm,且随访期内无高度丢失。结论后路腰椎管减压、SRS复位内固定、单枚斜向Vigor Spacer Cage椎间融合和小关节突间植骨治疗腰椎滑脱,效果良好,复位稳定满意。     

USS内固定器治疗腰椎退行性滑脱

目的 探讨腰椎管减压、USS内固定器治疗不稳定型腰椎退行性滑脱早期临床效果。方法 对54例腰椎退行性滑脱症患者行后方入路腰椎管减压、USS内固定手术,对照比较手术前、后临床症状改善和X线片滑脱复位程度进行疗效评定。结果 症状完全消失48例,明显改善6例。54例中24例Ⅰ度滑脱,其中22例术后X线片检查证实完全复位;Ⅱ度滑脱30例,28例完全复位,另2例滑脱部分复位。术后无发生神经系统并发症及感染。结论 USS内固定器治疗腰椎退行性滑脱早期随诊复位满意,疗效良好。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

Intraoperative autotransfusion is associated with modest reduction of allogeneic transfusion in prosthetic hip surgery

Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r²=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.     

缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响

目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    （1）常氧（21% O₂）及缺氧（1% O₂）分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞（NRK-52E）48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。（2）在共培养实验中,以不同浓度（1、10、50、100、300 mg/L）的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖（LPS）诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、诱导型氮氧化物合酶（iNOS）水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化（p）STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1（SOCS1）的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA（microRNA,miR）的表达差异。 结果    （1）离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。（2）缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌（均P＜0.01）,同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达（均P＜0.01）;对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高（P＜0.05）。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。     

In Vitro Function and Durability Assessment of a Novel Polyurethane Heart Valve Prosthesis

Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.     

Negative pressure ventilation vs. spontaneous assisted ventilation during rigid bronchoscopy: A controlled randomised trial

Background: Ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB) under general anaesthesia (jet ventilation, positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous assisted ventilation) may offer some difficulties. This study compares the effectiveness during IRB of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) and spontaneous assisted ventilation (SAV). Methods: Thirty-eight patients submitted to IRB were randomised into two groups: SAV or INPV. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia; INPV patients were paralysed. Pre-and intra-operative arterial blood gases and O₂ flow through a rigid bronchoscope were assessed. The endoscopist applying a subjective score evaluated the operating conditions. Results: Patients of the INPV group, as compared to the SAV group, required a lower dosage of fentanyl (2.6 ± 1.8 (μg · kg^?1· h^?1 vs. 6.6 ± 4.8 μg · kg^?1· h^?1), a lower O₂ supply (3.3 ± 2.8 1/min vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 1/min), a shorter recovery time (5.4 ± 2.9 min vs. 9.8 ± 7.1 min) and no manually assisted ventilation (0 ± 0 vs. 1 ± 1.1 nd?/procedure). Intraoperative PaCO₂ was higher in the SAV (8.1 ± 1.3 kPa) than in the INPV group (5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) and intraoperative pH differed in the two groups (7.26 ± 0.05, SAV vs. 7.47 ± 0.08, INPV). Operating conditions, as assessed by a subjective score, were considered better with INPV than with SAV (4.9 vs. 4.3). Conclusions: As compared to SAV, INPV in paralysed patients during IRB reduces administration of opioids, shortens recovery time, prevents respiratory acidosis, excludes the need for manually assisted ventilation, reduces 02 need and affords optimal surgical conditions. INPV appears a safe, non-invasive and effective ventilatory management during IRB.