冠状动脉旁路移植术中骨髓干细胞移植对心肌梗死后心功能的影响

目的：探讨在冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）中用自体骨髓干细胞（BMSC）移植对心肌梗死区域心功能的影响。方法：选取20例心肌梗死患者随机分成CABG＋BMSC移植组（移植组,n=10）和CABG组（对照组,n=10）两组。对照组只行CABG,移植组在CABG的同时用制备BMSC悬液在梗死区域作多点局部注射。术后两组均随访4周和8周,观测左心室功能和梗死区域的节段性室壁运动情况以及血供情况。结果：对照组术后第4周心功能有所改善,但与术前比较无统计学意义,第8周改善明显（P〈0.05）。移植组第4周,心功能参数均比术前有明显改善,左室射血分数（LVEF）明显提高（P〈0.05）,左室舒张末期直径（LVEDD）较术前明显缩小（P〈0.05）,左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）较术前明显缩小（P〈0.05）,梗死区域节段性室壁运动改善;QRS记分明显降低,而且低于对照组（P〈0.05）;心肌核素灌注断层显像（ECT）放射性核素缺损区显著小于术前,且小于对照组（P〈0 05）。结论：CABG改善了心肌的血供情况,BMSC移植则有效地缩小了梗死坏死区域,改善了节段性室壁异常运动,使心脏功能得到改善。     

骨髓MSCs移植对急性心肌梗死后心室肌重构和心功能的影响

目的 探讨骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)移植对急性心肌梗死后心室肌重构和心功能的影响.方法 抽取香猪骨髓,体外分离MSCs,经5-氮胞苷诱导转化.将诱导后的MSCs(实验组)或等量生理盐水(对照组)注射至香猪急性心肌梗死的心肌区内.3周和6周后,超声心动图观察两组心肌结构和心功能改变情况,并应用单光子发射计算机断层扫描行心肌显像检查,抗BrdU抗体DAB显色确定梗死区内移植干细胞的存在.结果 MSCs移植3周和6周后,实验组左室室壁和室间隔的厚度较对照组增加而心室腔较对照组小,实验组左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率以及室壁增厚率明显高于对照组.SPECT显像示对照组有明显的充盈缺损,而实验组在梗死区有部分心肌显像.实验组心肌梗死中央、梗死边缘区、局部注射心肌标本可见BrdU标记的细胞.结论 MSCs移植可在梗死区再生心肌组织,增加梗死区心肌的厚度,减轻心肌变薄和心室腔扩大程度,因而可以减缓心室重构的进程;同时,MSCs移植还可增加心肌的收缩力,改善心功能.     

应用MRI活体示踪干细胞心肌移植可行性的实验研究

目的：探讨应用MRI活体示踪干细胞心肌移植的可行性.方法：选择8只雌性家猪,体重35～45 kg,经导管应用球囊封堵前降支动脉建立心肌梗死模型后,将存活的7只随机分为Feridex标记的干细胞移植组（n=4）和Feridex未标记的干细胞移植组（n=3）.建立模型2周后开胸,在梗死区中央及梗死边缘区共5个点注射骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）（1.25～7.54×10^6）.于移植前及移植后1 h、1周、2周分别行心脏MRI 检查,比较移植前后MRI心脏影像学变化.移植后2周,取心脏组织行HE染色和普鲁士蓝染色.结果：移植后1 h,Feridex标记的干细胞移植组中4只动物（100%）间充质干细胞移植区在MRI上呈明显的低信号改变,术后1周示心脏低信号改变达100%（4只动物）,术后2周示2只动物（50%）细胞移植区有低信号改变.病理检查示梗死区内大量炎性细胞浸润,Feridex标记的干细胞移植组心脏注射点处的组织普鲁士蓝染色阳性.结论：Feridex标记的干细胞在MRI上呈低信号改变,应用MRI活体示踪BMSC是可行的.     

骨髓MSCs移植对急性心肌梗死后心室肌重构和心功能的影响

目的探讨骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)移植对急性心肌梗死后心室肌重构和心功能的影响。方法抽取香猪骨髓,体外分离MSCs,经5-氮胞苷诱导转化。将诱导后的MSCs(实验组)或等量生理盐水(对照组)注射至香猪急性心肌梗死的心肌区内。3周和6周后,超声心动图观察两组心肌结构和心功能改变情况,并应用单光子发射计算机断层扫描行心肌显像检查,抗BrdU抗体DAB显色确定梗死区内移植干细胞的存在。结果MSCs移植3周和6周后,实验组左室室壁和室间隔的厚度较对照组增加而心室腔较对照组小,实验组左室射血分数、左室短轴缩短率以及室壁增厚率明显高于对照组。SPECT显像示对照组有明显的充盈缺损,而实验组在梗死区有部分心肌显像。实验组心肌梗死中央、梗死边缘区、局部注射心肌标本可见BrdU标记的细胞。结论MSCs移植可在梗死区再生心肌组织,增加梗死区心肌的厚度,减轻心肌变薄和心室腔扩大程度,因而可以减缓心室重构的进程;同时,MSCs移植还可增加心肌的收缩力,改善心功能。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植对大鼠心肌梗死后细胞凋亡的作用

目的：探讨骨髓间充质干细胞心肌移植对大鼠心肌梗死区细胞凋亡的影响。方法：取大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞进行体外培养、增殖和标记,同时以液氮冷冻左室游离壁建立心肌梗死模型,4周后分别将2×106个细胞悬液或冷D-Hanks液注入心肌梗死区数个不同部位。于移植后1周、2周和4周依次获取心肌梗死区标本。随机于第2周实验组与对照组中各抽取两个标本进行透射电镜检查,凋亡细胞计数,RT-PCR检测所有标本bcl-2 mRNA的表达。结果：部分心肌细胞呈调亡细胞初期形态改变,实验组和对照组调亡指数分别为0.02和0.08。bcl-2 mRNA在术后第1,2及4周的表达水平实验组与对照组相比均增加（P<0.01）,且随着时间的推移其表达量两组均呈迅速降低的趋势（P<0.01）。结论：骨髓间充质干细胞心肌移植可促进心肌梗死区Bcl-2蛋白表达,并减轻大鼠心肌梗死后细胞凋亡。     

MRI评价自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗AMI效果的实验研究

目的探讨移植自体骨髓间充质干细胞对急性心肌梗死的治疗效果。方法选取10只2月龄小型家猪抽取骨髓,分离培养自体骨髓间充质干细胞,经外周动脉介入法制备小型猪的心肌梗死模型。造模成功后7 d经冠状动脉注入自体骨髓间充质干细胞(实验组)以及生理盐水(对照组),分别在心肌梗死后7 d和移植后1个月行核磁共振(MRI)检查,评价心功能的变化。结果移植后1个月实验组左心室射血分数(0.50±0.06)明显高于对照组(0.39±0.09)(P<0.05)。结论自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死可以明显改善梗死区心肌收缩功能,MRI可以显示心肌梗死的透壁程度及梗死区的范围,可以通过测量舒张末期容积与收缩末期容积来计算左室的射血分数,反映左心功能变化。     

经心外膜向心肌移植自体骨髓单核细胞治疗急性心肌梗死的实验研究

目的 在小型猪动物模型上探讨自体骨髓单核细胞移植到心肌梗死局部对心功能和梗死心肌代谢的影响.方法 结扎小型猪冠状动脉前降支建立急性心肌梗死动物模型.分为3组:空白对照组、心肌梗死1周后处理组及心肌梗死2周后处理组,处理组经心外膜向心肌注射自体骨髓单核细胞.然后检测各项指标.结果 空白对照组与处理组心尖室间隔下部室壁增厚率差异具有统计学意义.显影细胞区域冰冻切片免疫组化测定,证实自体骨髓单核细胞分化细胞转化为心肌或内皮细胞并证实其存活增殖功能.结论 经心外膜向梗死区域的心肌移植自体骨髓单个核细胞,可以改善梗死区域心肌的收缩功能.移植的单个核细胞可以在梗死区域中存活,增殖,分化和迁移,增加梗死区域的微血管数量,再生、再造心肌.     

经冠状动脉移植同种异体脐带间充质干细胞治疗猪心肌梗死的实验研究

目的：探讨经冠状动脉移植同种异体脐带间充质干细胞治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）的可行性及疗效。方法采用经皮球囊封堵法制备 AMI 模型,AMI 后2周将 GFP 标记的脐带间充质干细胞经冠状动脉移植入小型猪心肌梗死区域（移植组）,对照组注射等量生理盐水。分别于干细胞移植前、移植后6周行心脏超声和核素门控心肌灌注显像检查,观察心肌灌注的改善及心功能的变化情况。取心肌梗死区组织作冰冻切片,vWF 免疫组织化学法染色观察梗死区毛细血管新生情况。结果（1）对照组：心肌梗死后8周和心肌梗死后2周比较,各项指标均无显著改善（P ＞0．05）。移植组：干细胞移植后6周左室射血分数、左室收缩期末内径、左室舒张末期内径、左室短轴缩短率及左室心肌梗死面积均较移植前有明显改善（P ＜0．05）。与对照组比较,移植组各项指标均明显改善（P ＜0．05）。（2）vWF 免疫组织化学法染色显示移植组新生毛细血管密度高于对照组。结论经冠状动脉移植的同种异体脐带间充质干细胞能够在梗死心肌内存活,增加梗死区血管新生,缩小梗死面积,改善心功能。     

二维应变超声心动图评价干细胞移植对心肌梗死大鼠左心室局部收缩功能的影响

目的应用二维应变超声心动图(2-dimensional strain echocardiography,2DSE)观察心肌梗死大鼠在骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)移植后局部心肌功能改善情况,探讨2DSE在心肌梗死大鼠干细胞移植研究中心功能评价的价值。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为心肌梗死组(n=14)、MSCs治疗组(n=16)和对照组(n=10),心肌梗死组与MSCs组建立心肌梗死模型,对照组只进行假手术。MSCs组在梗死区心肌局部注射DAPI标记的MSCs,心肌梗死组和对照组只注射DMEM培养基。分别于术前1天和术后1周、术后4周用2DSE观察左心室乳头肌水平短轴局部室壁运动情况。术后4周用荧光显微镜观察心肌梗死区移植细胞分布,免疫组化检测移植细胞的肌钙蛋白表达情况。结果术后4周,MSCs治疗组局部室壁的径向应变和应变率高于心肌梗死组(P<0.01);MSCs组心肌梗死区可见DAPI标记阳性的细胞,该区肌钙蛋白表达阳性。结论 2DSE可以检测出心肌梗死大鼠在MSCs移植后局部心肌收缩功能的改善,可成为干细胞移植研究中可选择的敏感的无创性指标。     

骨髓干细胞动员治疗急性心肌梗死

目的研究骨髓干细胞动员治疗急性心肌梗死的可行性。方法24只新西兰大白兔随机分为实验组和对照组，结扎实验动物前降支制作急性心肌梗死模型。实验组动物心肌梗死后24h开始皮下注射重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子，100μg/Kg，连续注射10d；对照组动物心肌梗死后24h开始注射等量生理盐水，连续注射10d。检测实验动物外周血骨髓干细胞动员情况、心功能变化及心肌梗死区毛细血管密度。结果两组实验动物骨髓干细胞动员前外周血有核细胞计数与单个核细胞比例近乎相等，差别无统计学意义；实验组动物重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子皮下注射，外周血骨髓干细胞一般在5d左右达到峰值，外周血有核细胞计数（63．10±16．72）×10^9／L及单个核细胞比例（97．1±2．88）％明显高于动员前，同时亦明显高于对照组；两组实验动物心肌梗死模型术后4周左心室射血分数与术前相比明显降低，分别为（50．11±6．37）％vs（42．27±9．35）％，实验组高于对照组，差别有统计学意义。实验组心肌梗死区内有大量岛状存活心肌，毛细血管计数（3．68±0．78），HP，而对照组心肌梗死区内岛状存活心肌少，坏死心肌由均质瘢痕组织替代，毛细血管计数（1．38±0．87）／HP，对照组明显少于实验组，P〈0．05。结论重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子（100μg／kg）皮下注射可有效动员骨髓干细胞入外周血参与梗死心肌修复，增加心肌梗死区毛细血管密度，改善心功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.