老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术结果评价

目的评价一组老年冠心病患者行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的疗效。方法将６５例老年（８９支血管）和１１７例老年前期（１４９支血管）冠心病患者的ＰＴＣＡ结果作对比研究。结果老年组血管扩张成功率９４．４％，临床成功率９２．３％，主要并发症发生率为６．１％，再狭窄发生率为３２．５％。以上结果与老年前期组比较差异均无显著性。术后症状改善率两组相同，都在９０．０％以上。仅老年组再次ＰＴＣＡ频率明显高于老年前期组（ｘ２检验，Ｐ值＜０．０５）。结论对于老年冠心病患者，ＰＴＣＡ是一种有效及安全的冠脉血管重建措施。     

冠状动脉旋磨术加持续灌流法经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术治疗老年人冠心病的评估

目的探讨冠状动脉旋磨术（ＣＲＡ）加持续灌流法经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＣＰＰＴＣＡ）治疗老年人冠心病的临床价值。方法对老年冠心病患者２０例３１支和非老年患者８例１３支冠状动脉（冠脉）病变行ＣＲＡ和ＣＰＰＴＣＡ，对照观察其临床疗效。结果术后两组冠脉狭窄处内径、跨狭窄压差、侧支循环积分、左室总体和局部功能均明显改善（Ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１），心绞痛均消失。结论ＣＲＡ加ＣＰＰＴＣＡ联合治疗老年和非老年人冠心病均可取得良好效果，但老年组远期效果略差。     

冠状动脉完全闭塞病变的介入治疗

目的观察急性和慢性冠状动脉闭塞经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）治疗的效果。方法３２例患者共３８支完全闭塞血管进行了ＰＴＣＡ或ＰＴＣＡ＋支架治疗。结果１２例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）其中４例直接和８例行补救性ＰＴＣＡ均成功（１２／１２,１００％）;２０例择期ＰＴＣＡ中１４例成功（７０％）。结论血管闭塞时间越长,ＰＴＣＡ成功率越低。本组病例无一例出现严重并发症,表明冠状动脉完全闭塞行ＰＴＣＡ＋支架治疗是安全有效的。     

应用小C臂X光机行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(附134例报告)

目的探讨应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机（ＯＥＣ）行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）和冠状动脉内支架植入术的可行性。方法１３４例冠心病患者造影显示冠状动脉狭窄程度均≥７５％,采用美国ＯＥＣ９６００型小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果１３４例冠心病患者共２０４处病变成功地完成了ＰＴＣＡ,其中９２例置入了１０６枚冠脉内支架,６例因多支冠脉病变分别置入２～３枚支架,术后冠脉造影显示管腔扩张满意,无残余狭窄。全部病例术后心绞痛症状较术前明显减轻或消失。除１例在支架置入术后发生急性血栓形成和３例出现术后穿刺部血肿外,无其它并发症发生。结论对冠心病患者应用小Ｃ臂Ｘ光机行ＰＴＣＡ和冠脉内支架置入术可能是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的临床评估

目的　评估老年冠心病患者的冠状动脉内支架置入术(支架术)的安全性和有效性。　方法　将我院123例年龄≥60岁(老年组)和265例年龄＜60岁(非老年组)已行支架术的冠心病患者的临床病灶特点、手术成功率、手术并发症及近、远期临床随访结果进行了回顾性对照分析。　结果　老年组在经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）的基础上行支架术总成功率与非老年组比较差异无显著性(96.7%与99.6%,Ｐ＞0.05);老年组手术死亡率为1.6%（2/123）,但与非老年组相比差异无显著性（Ｐ＞0.05）,两组间冠状动脉血管、外周血管并发症无明显差异;老年组因冠状动脉扩张后发生急性血管闭塞或严重内膜撕裂而置入支架比例明显高于非老年组（23.7%与14.3%,Ｐ＜0.001）;老年组左主干病变比例明显高于非老年组（3.2%比0.3%,Ｐ＜0.001）。随访6～54个月,两组患者恶性心脏事件发生率无明显差异,但老年组患者血运重建率明显高于非老年组（16.3%与7.8%,Ｐ＜0.05）。　结论　随着PTCA及支架置入技术的日臻完善,老年患者行支架术的成功率与非老年患者无明显差异,均达国内先进水平,老年患者的围手术期死亡率、急性期并发症及长期临床疗效与非老年患者比较无明显差异,均与全国注册水平相似,因此支架术是治疗老年冠心病患者安全、有效的方法。     

老年与老年前期冠心病的介入治疗

目的　研究老年和老年前期冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ａ ）、经皮冠脉旋磨术（ Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ｒ Ａ）和冠脉支架植入（ Ｓ Ｔ Ｅ Ｎ Ｔ ）的即时疗效。方法　老年组 ３２ 例,３０ 处冠脉病变 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ａ 、１６ 处病变 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ｒ Ａ 、４ 处病变 Ｓ Ｔ Ｅ Ｎ Ｔ 。老年前期组 ２８ 例,３０ 处冠脉病变 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ａ 、１８ 处病变 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ｒ Ａ 、１ 处病变 Ｓ Ｔ Ｅ Ｎ Ｔ。 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ｒ Ａ 与 Ｓ Ｔ Ｅ Ｎ Ｔ 时加用补充性球囊扩张。结果　 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ａ 与 Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ｒ Ａ项的管腔增量和残余狭窄在老年组与老年前期组之间的组间差异无显著性意义,但老年组两项之间管腔增量的差异具有显著性意义;造影显示治疗后的即时管腔增量依次为： Ｓ Ｔ Ｅ Ｎ Ｔ＞ Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ｒ Ａ ＞ Ｐ Ｔ Ｃ Ａ,而残余狭窄量则呈相反顺序。结论　同样方式的介入治疗对老年和老年前期病人都可取得同样良好的即时效果,而介入方式是影响即时疗效的重要因素     

闭塞性冠状动脉病变PTCA成功率及影响因素

目的探讨完全闭塞性和几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率及其影响因素。方法对３５例发生过心肌梗塞和２１例未发生心肌梗塞的完全或几乎完全闭塞性病变施行了ＰＴＣＡ。结果完全闭塞性病变心梗发生后１周内ＰＴＣＡ成功率为１００％,２周～３个月为６６．７％,３个月以后为４２．９％;无桥侧支的几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率为１００％,桥侧支丰富的几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率为６２．５％。结论心肌梗塞早期ＰＴＣＡ成功率明显高于心肌梗塞晚期ＰＴＣＡ成功率（Ｐ＜０．０５）,无桥侧支的几乎完全闭塞性病变ＰＴＣＡ成功率明显高于桥侧支丰富的几乎完全闭塞性病变的成功率（Ｐ＜０．０５）     

急性心肌梗死冠脉内超声溶栓

目的研究冠脉内低频（２０ｋＨｚ）、高强度（４０Ｗ）超声溶栓在急性心肌梗死梗塞相关血管中的应用。方法急性心肌梗死患者１１例（前壁心梗６例,下壁心梗５例）,梗塞相关血管前向血流均为ＴＩＭＩ０级和１级（左前降支６例,左回旋支２例,右冠状动脉３例）,超声溶栓后行急诊经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（ＰｒｉｍａｒｙＰＴＣＡ）。结果冠脉内超声溶栓对梗塞相关血管的开通率为７３％（血流达ＴＩＭＩ３级）,残余狭窄为（７２±１４）％,１１例全部立即行ＰＴＣＡ,超声溶栓失败的３例经ＰＴＣＡ后血管全部开通,ＰＴＣＡ术后残余狭窄为（２４±１２）％。冠脉内超声溶栓时,因超声探头折断,血管再度闭塞１例,冠脉轻度撕裂１例;无血管痉挛,无远端血管栓塞等并发症,也无室速、室颤等恶性事件发生。结论本研究表明冠脉内低频、高强度超声溶栓是安全、有效的血管开通方式,可应用于临床。     

急性心肌梗塞直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

目的观察急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者应用直接经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）的安全性和有效性。方法对１１４例ＡＭＩ患者在发病１２小时内行直接ＰＴＣＡ术,其中有５例心原性休克的患者。梗塞相关血管（共１１５支血管）：左主干３例（２．６％）,前降支５６例（４８．７％）,回旋支１２例（１０４％）,右冠状动脉４４例（３８．５％）。ＴＩＭＩ血流：０级８２例（７１．３％）,１级１７例（１４．７％）,２级１６例（１４．０％）。结果１１１例患者手术成功,ＴＩＭＩ血流３级（９７．４％）。住院期间死亡３例（２．６％）,均为心原性休克患者,其中２例经紧急冠状动脉旁路移植术后死亡。８５例患者置入了冠状动脉内支架（７３．９％）。随访９５例患者,２例后期死于心力衰竭,９例出院后出现心肌缺血,其中８例再次行ＰＴＣＡ术。结论直接ＰＴＣＡ是治疗急性心肌梗塞的安全有效措施,成功率较高,并发症少;术后复发心肌缺血发生率较溶栓治疗低。     

冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后血浆内皮素改变及其意义

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）常导致冠状动脉收缩，其发生机制尚不明了。本研究对经ＰＴＣＡ的１６例冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者进行血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）水平、平均血压和心率的观察。结果表明，ＰＴＣＡ后股动脉血浆ＥＴ水平无明显改变（Ｐ＞０．０５），冠状窦血浆ＥＴ浓度明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而平均血压和心率在ＰＴＣＡ前后均无明显改变。结果提示，血浆ＥＴ水平升高可能与ＰＴＣＡ时缺血缺氧有关，并且可能是ＰＴＣＡ后冠状动脉收缩的原因之一。     

老年冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的疗效评价

目的　评价老年冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的临床疗效和安全性。方法　对比分析 49例老年 (86支血管 )和 6 1例老年前期 (98支血管 )冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术的结果。结果　老年组冠状动脉病变严重、复杂病变较多 ,在复杂病变内置入支架比率高于老年前期组 ;手术即刻成功率和临床成功率均为 98.0 % ;术前病变平均狭窄率为 (94.5± 5 .6 ) % ,术后残余狭窄率为 (7.4± 8.2 ) % ;因球囊扩张不理想置入支架的为 45 .0 % ,因经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)并发夹层或濒临闭塞而置入支架的比率高于老年前期组。出现严重并发症 1例(2 .0 % )。结论　老年冠心病患者冠状动脉内支架置入术成功率高 ,并发症发生率低。     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A report of 100 cases

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 100 coronary heart patients with 122 vessels and 138 lesions dilated. Among these 100 cases, there were 39 complex PTCA performed. The primary success rate was 93% (93/100), was 94.3% (115/122) according to vessel dilated and was 92.1% (127/138) according to lesion dilated. In 4 cases whose lesions were located at the bifurcation of the vessel, kissing balloon technique via a single guiding catheter was applied with success. In 5 cases of total occlusion PTCA was performed with success in 4. PTCA with stent in 1. PTCA was performed in 1 cases of high risk whose LVEF was only 30% and coronary hemoperfusion pump was used during the procedure. Emergency PTCA was performed in 3 AMI patients during the acute phase and elective PTCA in 8 AMI cases after successful thrombolytic therapy. There were complications in 9 cases (9%). Among these 9 cases, 2 developed O-wave MI which recovered after medicinal therapy. One AMI complicated with heart failure was treated by emergency PTCA with success, but the patient died 10 days after PTCA due to pump failure and pulmonary infection. There were no deaths due to PTCA, nor was emergency coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) performed. These cases were followed for 1-30 months on an average of 13 months. Clinical success rate was 91.3%. The clinical success rate was 93.1% by 201Tl perfusion study. Restenosis in 7 cases was confirmed by coronary angiography. For these restenotic cases, PTCA was repeated with success in 4, CABG performed in 1, coronary atherectomy in 1, and medicinal therapy employed in 1 patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的临床应用──附161例报告

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）已广泛应用于冠心病的治疗［’］。我们自1991年一1996年对161例病人进行了IqC．ra治疗，现对其临床疗效进行初步评价。对象和方法l、临床资料19911510月一1996年12月共完成IqCA161例。男性140例，女性ZI例。平均年龄57．IL14．2（36－84）岁。其中稳定性心绞痛86例，不稳定型心绞痛75例。证实至少有1支血管直径＞扣％狭窄ZlyTwx方法按照Gnientrig等操作方法进行。部分全闭血管病人采用双侧冠状动脉顺序造影以显示闭塞血管长度［’］．成功标准：所扩张血管残留狭窄小于50％且无严重并发症。3疗效评价…     

Recurrent ischemia more than 1 year after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. An analysis of the extent and anatomic pattern of coronary disease

Of 1,181 consecutive patients who underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) as an initial revascularization procedure and who had at least 1 year of asymptomatic follow-up, 66 (6%) underwent repeat angiography because of recurrent symptoms or evidence of exercise-induced ischemia. Patients who had revascularization procedures within 1 year of PTCA were not included in the analysis. Mean time to recurrent ischemia was 30.8 +/- 17.4 months (range 12-89 months). At follow-up, 47 patients had angina, 13 had atypical chest pain, two had acute myocardial infarction, and four had positive exercise tests without symptoms. No patient showed spontaneous regression in the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). As compared with the extent of CAD immediately after PTCA, the extent of CAD at follow-up did not change in 26 patients (39%); it increased by one vessel in 30 (45%), by two vessels in seven (11%), and by three vessels in three (5%). The pattern of CAD seen at follow-up compared with that seen after PTCA was as follows: 18 patients (27%), no change; seven (11%), restenosis only; 30 (45%), progression of CAD at other sites only; and 11 (17%), a combination of restenosis and progression of CAD at other sites. The time to recurrence of ischemia was significantly different between those with restenosis only versus those with progression only (20.1 +/- 9.2 vs. 38.3 +/- 18.5 months) (p less than 0.009). Progression of CAD was equally distributed between dilated and nondilated vessels; however, when progression occurred in the PTCA vessel, it was significantly more likely to be distal to the PTCA site (p less than 0.008).     

Results of 232 consecutive percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures in single- and double-vessel coronary artery disease

Over a 3-year period, we performed 232 consecutive percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures in 171 patients, 132 (77%) of whom were men and 39 (23%) of whom were women. The patients' ages ranged from 26 to 85 years (average, 56.5 years). All of the patients had symptoms of coronary insufficiency, manifested by stable angina in 106 cases, unstable angina in 44 cases, post myocardial infarction angina in 19 cases, arrhythmia in 1 case, and syncope in 1 case. All PTCA dilatations were done by the same operators, using the same technique. The procedures were categorized as follows: Group 1 included 157 single-vessel PTCA procedures, which had a success rate of 87.3%; these included 52 dilatations of the right coronary artery (success rate, 84%), 94 dilatations of the left anterior descending artery (success rate, 86%), and 11 dilatations of the left circumflex system (success rate, 90%). Group 2 included 29 double-vessel PTCA procedures (58 total procedures), which had an 88% success rate, and group 3 comprised 17 vein-graft PTCAs, with an 86.9% success rate. Complications included coronary artery occlusion in 15 cases (9.0%), myocardial infarction in four cases (2.3%), and cardiac arrhythmia in one case (0.6%). There were no deaths. Fifteen patients (8.8%) underwent coronary artery bypass surgery during the same hospitalization (3.8% of these operations were performed on an emergency basis). Thirty-six patients (15.5%) had a second PTCA procedure owing to restenosis, which occurred either before the patient was discharged from the hospital (eight cases) or 3 to 30 months after the original procedure. We conclude that, when performed by experienced operators with optimal technical resources, PTCA results in an acceptable success rate; therefore, this procedure should be a satisfactory method of myocardial revascularization in well-selected patients with either single- or double-vessel coronary artery disease.     

Relation to restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to vasomotion of the dilated coronary arterial segment

Among 868 patients with successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 437 were restudied angiographically and had a provocative test with ergonovine during coronary angiography performed before and 6 months after the procedure. The relation between provoked coronary artery spasm and restenosis was studied and 4 groups of patients were analyzed. Those in group 1 (n = 63) had spasm before and after PTCA and their rate of restenosis was high (55%), especially when spasm after PTCA was observed on the dilated coronary segment (restenosis rate 58%). Patients in group 2 (n = 78) had spasm before PTCA but without abnormal vasoconstriction at 6 months and their incidence of restenosis was 19%. Sixty-one patients in group 3 had no spasm before PTCA but developed spasm at restudy. The rate of restenosis was high (38%) in this group, especially when the spasm after PTCA was located on the dilated segment (43%). In group 4 (n = 235), patients had no spasm before or after PTCA and the restenosis rate was 20%. Thus, the presence of coronary artery spasm on the dilated coronary segment, 6 months after a successful PTCA, is frequently accompanied (43% in group 3 and 58% in group 1) by restenosis.     

Clinical implications of late proven patency after successful coronary angioplasty

BACKGROUND. The introduction of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has changed the pattern of intervention in coronary artery disease. However, the long-term results in patients undergoing successful, elective, native-vessel PTCA are not yet fully characterized. Because the healing and subsequent proliferative response after angioplasty are time related, it was the purpose of the present study to determine the long-term outcome in patients whose dilated arteries have been demonstrated to be patent 4-12 months after successful, uncomplicated PTCA. METHODS AND RESULTS. The patients were grouped on the basis of the 4-12 month catheterization into those whose vessels were angiographically "normal" or had luminal irregularities only at the PTCA sites (396 patients), those whose vessels also had luminal irregularities elsewhere with or without PTCA site luminal irregularities (680 patients), and those with significant obstructive disease (more than 50% diameter narrowing) at sites other than the PTCA sites (426 patients). Of 1,502 such patients, long-term follow-up was available in 1,491. At the time of the original angioplasty, the normal patients had a 1.8% incidence of multivessel disease; luminal irregularity patients, 9.4%; and obstructive disease patients, 58.7%. At angiographic restudy, 16.4% of the obstructive disease patients continued to have multivessel disease. The patients were followed for the events of death, myocardial infarction, coronary surgery, and repeat PTCA. The 6-year survival rate was 95%; cardiac survival, 96%; and freedom from all events, 65%. The strongest correlate of events during follow-up was the angiographic status of the undilated segments. At 6 years, freedom from cardiac events was noted in 77% of the normal group, 61% of the luminal irregularity group, and 55% of the obstructive disease group. Diabetes and hypertension were also independent correlates of events. CONCLUSIONS. Results from the present study show that associated disease in undilated segments is a strong predictor of late events in patients after successful, uncomplicated, reatenosis-free PTCA. However, the need for further revascularization was frequent even in patients without obstructive disease. Completeness of revascularization is appropriate when possible, and limiting progression of coronary disease at sites remote from those dilated should improve on these late results.     

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for treatment of acute myocardial infarction: comparison with percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was evaluated as a means of reperfusion of the infarct-related coronary artery, and the results were compared with those of percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR). There were no difference in sex, age, infarct location and time from the onset to start of treatment between 135 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction treated with PTCA (PTCA group) and 113 patients treated with PTCR alone (PTCR group). Fifty-nine patients in the PTCA group underwent PTCA following PTCR; the remaining 76 patients were without prior PTCR. Successful PTCA, defined as a 20% or more reduction in percent luminal stenosis diameter, was achieved in 123 (90%) of the 135 patients in the PTCA group. The reperfusion rate was 93% in the PTCA group and 77% in the PTCR group (p less than 0.01). Residual stenosis immediately after the treatment was 30 +/- 13% in the PTCA group and 70 +/- 16% in the PTCR group (p less than 0.01). In the PTCA group, three cases developed serious complications which were associated with angioplasty: coronary perforation, side branch occlusion resulting in cardiogenic shock and exacerbation of cardiogenic shock. The latter two patients died, however, there was no difference in hospital mortality rate: 6% in the PTCA group versus 11% in the PTCR group. At follow-up angiography performed four weeks after admission, reocclusion of the successfully recanalized arteries was observed in 3% of the PTCA group and in 14% of the PTCR group (p less than 0.01). Regional wall motion was evaluated by left ventriculography using a wall motion score system which consisted of six grades; from normal counted as 0, to dyskinesis counted as 5. There was no difference in the wall motion score between the successful PTCA group and the successful PTCR group (2.6 +/- 1.4 versus 2.8 +/- 1.4), but the scores of both groups were better than those of the non-recanalized group (3.4 +/- 1.0: p less than 0.01). In conclusion, PTCA and PTCR have the same effect on hospital mortality rate and regional wall motion, but PTCA has a higher reperfusion rate and a lower reocclusion rate than does PTCR. Although PTCA has a potential disadvantage inducing serious complications, it appears to be a useful treatment for acute myocardial infarction.