“快通道”外科理念指导下腹腔镜手术治疗老年结直肠癌的临床研究

目的:比较"快通道"外科指导下腹腔镜手术与单纯应用腹腔镜手术及应用"快通道"外科理念的常规开腹手术治疗65岁以上老年结直肠癌患者的有效性、安全性,评估"快通道"外科理念联合腹腔镜手术促进老年结直肠癌患者术后恢复的协同作用。方法:将94例65岁以上老年结直肠癌患者随机分为开腹(open surgery,OP)组、开腹+快通道(open surgery plus fast-track surgery,OPFT)组、腹腔镜(laparoscopy surgery,LAP)组及腹腔镜+快通道(laparoscopy surgery plus fast-track surgery,LAPFT)组。比较患者基线特征、手术效果、术后安全性指标。结果:LAP组与LAPFT组在术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后排便时间、术后阿片类镇痛药物使用时间方面均优于OP组、OPFT组(P0.05),而手术时间明显延长(P0.01)。OPFT组术后首次排便时间、术后阿片类镇痛药物使用时间、住院时间短于OP组(P0.05)。LAP组、LAPFT组术后切口感染率明显低于OP组、OPFT组(P0.01),其他并发症发生率及术后30 d内死亡率各组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对于老年结直肠癌患者,腹腔镜术中应用"快通道"外科指导的围手术期处理可加快术后康复且不增加术后短期并发症发生率,是安全、有效的治疗措施。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的临床疗效及对患者胃肠功能的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌的临床疗效及对胃肠功能的影响。方法:将实施结直肠癌根治术的83例结直肠癌患者采用随机数字表法分为腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术组(观察组)与开腹结直肠癌根治术组(对照组),比较两组患者的治疗效果、术后胃肠功能及并发症情况。结果:观察组较对照组手术时间长,术中出血量少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组淋巴结清扫数量、切除肿瘤直径及切除长度差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后排气时间、排便时间、进食时间均短于对照组,术后并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05),两组3年生存率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术较传统开腹结直肠癌根治术出血少、并发症少且术后胃肠功能恢复快,其肿瘤根治效果及术后近期生存率与开腹手术相当。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统根治术的临床效果对比

目的:对比腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术与传统开腹手术的临床疗效,评价腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法:选择2011年4月至2015年4月接受治疗的49例结直肠癌患者作为研究对象,其中27例行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组),22例行传统开腹手术(开腹组)。对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、复发情况。结果:腹腔镜组术中出血量、手术时间、术后自主排气时间、进食时间及住院时间优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜组术后生存质量评分显著优于开腹组(P<0.05)。结论:熟悉腹腔镜手术的操作技巧,严格掌握手术适应证,腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌手术是安全、可靠的,疗效确切,患者创伤小,术中出血量少,手术时间短,术后康复快,可作为首选术式。     

低位直肠癌腹腔镜与开腹根治术近期效果比较

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹根治术治疗低位直肠癌的近期效果,为临床诊断治疗提供参考。方法:将70例低位直肠癌患者随机分为腹腔镜组(n=36)与开腹组(n=34),对比两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后肛门排气时间、术后尿管留置时间、术后住院时间及并发症发生情况。结果:腹腔镜组手术时间显著长于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组术中出血量显著少于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后远端切缘长度、淋巴结扫清数量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后肛门排气时间、尿管留置时间、术后住院时间均优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后并发症总发生率显著低于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:低位直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术可达到开腹手术的近期疗效,且具有出血少、切口小、术后康复快、并发症发生率低等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

65岁以上老年患者腹腔镜结直肠癌手术的短期疗效观察

目的:比较为65岁以上老年患者行腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌切除术的短期疗效。方法:将2012年1月至2014年9月收治的162例结直肠癌患者分为腹腔镜组(n=67)与开腹组(n=95),比较术前临床资料、术中及术后指标。结果:腹腔镜组与开腹组术前临床资料、清扫淋巴结数量差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组切口长度、术中出血量、首次下床活动时间、肛门排气时间、并发症发生率、术后住院时间优于开腹组(P0.05)。结论:为65岁以上的老年患者行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术是有效、安全、可行的,与开腹手术相比具有相同的根治效果,对机体干扰小,术后康复快,短期疗效方面具有许多优点。腹腔镜手术可作为老年患者结直肠癌根治术的常规术式。     

老年结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术与开放手术的临床对比研究

目的:通过对老年结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术与开放手术各项临床指标的对比研究,探讨老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜手术的安全性和可行性。方法:回顾分析2006年1月至2009年12月为117例≥60岁结直肠癌患者行肿瘤根治术的临床资料,其中腹腔镜辅助结直肠癌根治术(A组)55例,传统开腹结直肠癌根治术(B组)62例。对比分析两组的一般情况(ASA评分)、手术病理分级(Dukes分期)、手术时间、手术出血量、术前及术后心肺功能、术中气道压力、酸碱平衡、术后胃肠道功能恢复时间、术后并发症、标本淋巴结阳性率等围手术期情况。结果:两组患者术前ASA评分、合并症、病理分级及手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中患者心功能指标心脏指数、射血分数、肺功能指标动脉血PaCO2、pH值腹腔镜组均有所增高(P0.05),但术后1d再测指标差异无统计学意义。气道压力腹腔镜组明显增高,可通过麻醉改变呼吸指数调整。腹腔镜组胃肠恢复排气时间、术后住院时间显著短于开腹组(P0.05);术中出血、术后相应并发症腹腔镜组明显少于开腹组(P0.05);死亡率、术后淋巴结获取数、阳性率及直肠癌环周切缘阳性率两组差异无统计学意义。结论:为老年结直肠癌患者行腹腔镜辅助根治术具有良好的安全性及可行性,具有出血少、康复快、并发症少、住院时间短等优势。     

结直肠癌患者腹腔镜手术与应用快速流程的开腹手术术后短期康复效果的对比研究

目的比较腹腔镜手术与应用快速流程(fast track,FT)的开腹手术对结直肠癌患者术后短期康复效果的差异。方法回顾性分析了四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心结直肠外科专业组2008年2~8月期间收治的177例结直肠癌患者,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为开腹组(122例)和腹腔镜组(55例),开腹组再根据管理方式的不同分为FT组(66例)和传统组(56例),比较3组患者术后短期康复指标的差异。结果①3组患者基线情况比较,除了腹腔镜组的手术时间长于开腹组(P0.05)外,其余指标比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。②术后康复指标中,FT组〔(3.86±1.01)d〕和腹腔镜组〔(3.78±1.10)d〕的首次排气时间均早于传统组〔(4.43±1.25)d〕,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。③早期经口进食方面,FT组〔(2.52±1.14)d〕早于传统组〔(3.38±1.43)d〕和腹腔镜组〔(5.04±2.24)d〕,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05);传统组也早于腹腔镜组,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。④对于术后管道(胃管、引流管和尿管)首次拔除时间,FT组和传统组均早于腹腔镜组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。⑤术后住院时间方面,FT组〔(8.33±1.98)d〕明显早于传统组〔(10.82±3.76)d〕和腹腔镜组〔(10.55±3.14)d〕,其差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。⑥术后并发症方面,3组患者并发症总发生率及各项并发症的发生率之间的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 FT和腹腔镜手术能够促进术后早期结直肠癌患者肠功能恢复,而FT还能缩短术后住院时间,更佳的术后康复方案尚需进一步研究证实。     

梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后3D腹腔镜与开腹手术的疗效比较

目的:比较梗阻性结直肠癌导管减压后行3D腹腔镜与开腹根治术的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2011年5月—2013年6月96例行手术治疗的梗阻性结直肠癌患者资料,所有患者术前均行肠梗阻导管置入减压,然后50例行3D腹腔镜下行结直肠癌根治术3D(腹腔镜手术组),46例行传统开腹结直肠癌根治手术(开腹手术组),比较两组患者的相关临床指标。结果:两组患者术前资料具有可比性;腹腔镜手术组平均手术时间长于开腹手术组(5.9 h vs.5.2 h,P0.05),平均总住院费用高于开腹手术组(3.3万元vs.2.7万元,P0.05),但平均术后排气时间(2.4 d vs.3.0 d,P0.05)、留置尿管时间(2.7 d vs.3.9 d,P0.05)、住院时间(15.2 d vs.23.8 d,P0.05)均明显短于开腹手术组;两组患者术后吻合口瘘、切口感染、腹腔脓肿和肠梗阻发生率差异均无统计学差异(均P0.05);两组患者3年无瘤生存率无统计学差异(80.0%vs.82.6%,P=0.744)。结论:3D腹腔镜手术治疗导管减压后梗阻性结直肠癌术后恢复快,且围手术期并发症与预后方面与开腹手术相似,可作为梗阻性结直肠癌治疗的手术方式。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性及近期疗效分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术的可行性及近期临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2010年3月至2013年10月92例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中28例行腹腔镜手术,64例行传统开腹手术,对比分析两组患者术中出血量、切口总长度、肛门首次排气时间、人均止痛次数、术后下床活动时间、住院时间、手术时间、术后并发症等指标。结果:腹腔镜组术中出血量、切口总长度、肛门首次排气时间、人均止痛次数、术后下床活动时间、住院时间优于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。清除淋巴结数量、术后并发症两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率低于开腹组,腹腔镜手术时间长于开腹手术。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术具有患者创伤小、康复快、住院时间短等优点,其手术疗效与开腹手术相当,值得临床推广应用。其适应证的掌握是循序渐进的过程,随着学习曲线的完成、技术水平的完善、手术经验的积累及腔镜设备的改进,手术适应证会逐步扩大。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对高龄患者胃肠功能的影响

探讨高龄结直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜根治手术后胃肠道功能的恢复情况。选取2012年1月—2016年2月手术治疗的67例结直肠癌高龄患者进行回顾性研究,其中实施腹腔镜根治手术36例(腹腔镜组)、实施传统开腹手术31例(传统组),对比两组患者的手术情况及术后胃肠道功能恢复情况。腹腔镜组手术时间显著长于传统组,手术出血量、住院时间显著低于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者的标本切除长度、清除淋巴结数目差异无统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后肠鸣音恢复时间、排气时间、流质饮食进食时间、固体饮食进食时间、排便时间均显著低于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后第1天、第3天,腹腔镜组外周血胃动素、胃泌素水平均显著高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。高龄结直肠癌患者实施腹腔镜根治手术后胃肠道功能恢复较早,外周血中胃动素、胃泌素水平高于开腹手术。     

Laparoscopic colonic resection in fast-track patients does not enhance short-term recovery after elective surgery

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has been claimed to enhance recovery when compared with open surgery. The aim of our study was to investigate whether laparoscopic colorectal resection improved recovery with the use of a multimodal rehabilitation programme. METHOD: We carried out a prospective audit of 80 patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between November 2003 and March 2005. All patients underwent a fast-track protocol with early feeding, mobilization and a fluid and sodium restriction regime. Recovery was measured in terms of return of gastrointestinal function, hospital stay, complications and quality of life measures. RESULTS: Of the 80 patients in the study 22 underwent laparoscopic resection and 58 had open surgery. Patients were well matched for all baseline characteristics. The groups were not significantly different in terms of opioid or antiemetic use. They were also similar in median time to first flatus (69 h vs 69 h, P = 0.36) and median time to first bowel motion (127 h vs 101 h, P = 0.07). There was no difference in median hospital stay (5.8 days vs 5.9 days, P = 0.87) or complications (P = 0.46) between the laparoscopic and open group. There were no significant differences in Short Form 36 scores between the two groups for any of the components measured. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colorectal resection does not appear to reduce the duration of ileus or hospital stay with the use of a multimodal rehabilitation regime. Further large randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.     

快速康复外科新理念在结直肠手术中的应用

目的:研究快速康复外科(fast-track surgery,FTS)新理念在结直肠手术中应用的安全性和有效性.方法:将61例结直肠择期手术患者随机分为快速康复组(FTS组)和对照组,分别用FTS和传统方法处置,比较患者的应激和术后恢复指标.结果:与对照组相比,FTS组患者术后应激水平减轻,术后康复进程明显加快.结论:整合一系列围手术期干预措施的FTS可有效减轻患者应激,明显加速术后康复进程,在结直肠手术中的应用是安全可行的.     

高风险结直肠癌患者快速流程模式的临床应用

目的：探讨快速流程应用于高风险结直肠癌患者的可行性和安全性。方法：回顾性研究2007年11月—2008年12月264例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,分析不同管理模式下患者早期恢复情况及快速流程模式的完成情况。结果：术后早期康复方面,快速流程（FT）组首次下床时间和首次经口进食时间短于传统组且差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后管道管理方面,首次拔除尿管时间FT组早于传统组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后住院时间方面,FT组也明显短于传统组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。对于术后并发症发生情况,2组术后并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：在高风险结直肠癌患者中快速流程是安全可行的,可以促进患者早期康复,缩短住院时间,对提高高风险结直肠肿瘤患者围手术期管理质量有着重要的推动作用。     

Sense or nonsense of a prophylactic drainage after laparoscopic colorectal surgery - a prospective study

INTRODUCTION: A growing number of studies do not show an advantage of prophylactic drainage in intraabdominal surgery any more. Especially against the background of "fast-track" surgery, this study aimed at an analysis of the influence of drainage on the patient's outcome in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery. METHOD: Within a 50-month period, 569 laparoscopic colorectal operations were carried out at the Klinikum Bremerhaven Reinkenheide, a centre for minimally invasive surgery. Of these, 505 patients were operated by one surgeon. For this prospective study, the data of 299 elective colon resections because of carcinoma or diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon in Hinchey stages 0-II, out of these 505 patients, have been analysed. RESULTS: Before May 2006, a drainage was always used (n = 163, group A). Since May 2006, no drainage was used in 103 patients (group B). In another 33 patients (group C), drainage was used in complicated cases. The operation time was significantly reduced in patients with no drainage (99 min in group B vs. 120 min in group A) and there was a significantly reduced postoperative stay (6 days in group B vs. 11 days in group A). Furthermore, patients without drainage suffered less surgical and general complications than patients with drainage (6 vs. 10 % surgical complications; 1 vs. 6 % general complications). Infections of the wound occurred in 8.6 vs. 4.9 % of the cases when a drainage was used. CONCLUSION: According to our experience, prophylactic drainage does not seem to be necessary in elective colon surgery. Overall, drainage was accompanied by a higher rate of surgical and general complications. Therefore it does not fit into the concept of "fast-track" surgery.     

快速康复外科在结直肠癌择期手术中的应用效果

目的 探讨快速康复外科在接受择期手术的结直肠切除术中的应用效果.方法 将入选的70例拟接受择期手术的结直肠癌患者随机分为快速康复组和传统治疗组,每组35例,分别接受快速康复治疗及传统治疗.数据资料采用T检验、秩和检验、卡方检验和Fisher's精确概率法.结果 62例患者完成试验,快速康复组32例,传统治疗组30例;快速康复组患者术后的住院时间(6±1 vs.11.7±3.8 d,P<0.01)、首次排气时间(2±1 vs.4±2 d,P<0.01)、首次排便时间(3.8±1.6 vs.6.4±2.5 d,P=0.0007)、首次耐受半流饮食时间[(4±2)vs.(8.2±2.2)d,P<0.01]均比传统治疗组短.快速康复组患者术前口渴发生率(2/32 vs.23/30,P<0.01)、术前饥饿发生率(5/32vs.20/30,P<0.01)及术后感染性并发症发生率(2/32 vs.8/30,P=0.04)较传统治疗组明显降低.结论 快速康复外科在接受择期手术的结直肠癌患者中安全有效,明显加快了术后肠道功能的恢复,降低了术后感染性并发症的发生率,缩短了术后住院时间.     

„Fast-track“ bei laparoskopisch radikaler Prostatektomie

BACKGROUND: Fast-track surgery describes perioperative treatment concepts ensuring a faster postoperative convalescence phase. By using a multimodal fast-track concept in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of this procedure after elective surgery and a possible discharge 3 days postoperatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients per group were randomized for conventional or fast-track treatment, respectively. Perioperative data, early complications, possible hospital discharge, and readmission rate were analyzed. Before hospital discharge, all patients were interviewed about their evaluation of the received regimen and their overall satisfaction perioperatively. RESULTS: The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.6 days in the fast-track group vs. 6.7 days in the conventional group (p<0.01). Overall complications were low but were significant between the two groups, with the fast-track procedure being more favorable. Readmission rate was also low but was not significant. Overall satisfaction was significantly higher in the fast-track group, whereas the subjective evaluation did not differ between the two regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Fast-track concepts are well transferable in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy settings. Patients receiving this procedure, as well as clinics offering it, may benefit from a suitable fast-track concept.     

Fast-track rehabilitation in elective colorectal surgery patients: a prospective clinical and immunological single-centre study

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical data indicate that fast-track surgery (multimodal rehabilitation) leads to shorter postoperative length of hospital stay, faster recovery of gastrointestinal function as well as reduced morbidity and mortality rates. To date, no study has focused on the effects of fast-track surgery on postoperative immune function. This study was initiated to determine whether fast-track rehabilitation results in improved clinical and immunological outcome of patients undergoing colorectal surgery. METHODS: Forty patients underwent either conventional or fast-track rehabilitation after colorectal surgery. In addition to clinical parameters (return of gastrointestinal function, food intake, pain score, complication rates and postoperative length of stay), we determined parameters of perioperative immunity by flow cytometry (lymphocyte subgroups) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (interleukin-6). RESULTS: Our findings indicate a better-preserved cell-mediated immune function (T cells, T-helper cells, natural killer cells) after fast-track rehabilitation, whereas the pro-inflammatory response (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6) was unchanged in both study groups. Furthermore, we detected a significantly faster return of gastrointestinal function (first bowel movement P<0.001, food intake P<0.05), significantly reduced pain scores in the postoperative course (P < 0.05) and a significantly shorter length of postoperative stay (P<0.001) in patients undergoing fast-track rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Fast-track rehabilitation after colorectal surgery results in better-preserved cell-mediated immunity when compared with conventional postoperative care. Furthermore, patients undergoing fast-track rehabilitation suffer from less pain and have a faster return of gastrointestinal function in the postoperative course. In addition, postoperative length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in fast-track patients.     

多学科协作诊治模式下的结直肠外科快速康复流程

目的了解结直肠外科快速康复流程的概念内容和存在的问题。方法收集近年国外有关结直肠外科领域中快速康复流程建设及相关基础研究的文献并作综述。结果快速康复流程以多种新技术、新理念结合形式起到了促进结直肠癌患者术后快速康复的作用,对促进外科理念变革和提高整体质量起到积极推动作用。结论结直肠手术后快速康复流程也是多学科团队协作的另一种模式,其核心是通过设计相关临床路径和实施微创化、规范化的手术程序,以维护患者良好生理基础来达到减少并发症和缩短住院时间的目的。     

腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术短期效果的对比研究

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹结直肠癌手术的短期效果。方法:回顾分析2001～2010年1 743例结直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中864例行腹腔镜手术8,79例行开腹手术。结果:相对开腹组,腹腔镜组切口小([5.5±1.8)cm vs.(23±3.5)cm,P<0.01;]失血量少([110±41)ml vs.(350±56)ml,P<0.01);]术后阿片类镇痛剂使用例数少(179 vs.261,P<0.01);首次下床活动时间早([1.9±0.9)天vs.(2.5±1.2)天,P<0.01;]肠道功能恢复快([2.5±0.6)天vs.(3.8±0.7)天,P<0.01;]术后住院时间短[(6.5±1.3)天vs.(8.4±1.5)天,P<0.01;]术后并发症发生率低(15.7%vs.27.6%,P<0.01)。淋巴结清扫数量、标本切缘阳性率两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜结直肠癌手术安全可行,可取得与开腹手术相同的根治效果,且具有切口小、出血少、疼痛轻、术后住院时间短、并发症发生率低等优势,值得推广。