经肛门改良Swenson和Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠比较

目的比较经肛门改良Swenson术和Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠的疗效及优缺点。方法回顾性分析经肛门手术治疗的50例先天性巨结肠患儿临床资料,其中短段型11例,普通型35例,长段型4例;行经肛门改良Swenson术21例,经肛门改良Soave术29例。比较两组患儿手术相关因素、术后并发症及排便功能情况。结果两种术式术前灌肠时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数及出院时排便情况比较,无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而手术时间比较,前者较后者短（P〈0．05）。两组术后并发症的发生率分别为19．0％和37．9％,术后6个月时排便优良率为95．2％和89．6％。结论经肛门改良Swenson术和改良Soave术创伤小,恢复快,疗效好,但经肛门Swenson术较经肛门Soave术操作更简单方便,并发症明显减少;两者手术适应证均可适当放宽。     

经肛门改良Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠

先天性巨结肠(Hirschsprung's disease,HD)是小儿外科常见的消化道畸形。我院自2004年1月至2005年1月采取经肛门I期改良Soave术式治疗先天性巨结肠患儿共20例。现总结如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组20例,其中男16例,女4例,平均年龄2.5岁(1～4.8岁)。短段型5例,常见型15例。1.2     

经肛门改良Soave术治疗先天性巨结肠80例疗效分析

青岛市儿童医院2003～2007年应用经肛门改良Soave术治疗80例先天性巨结肠患儿,疗效满意,现从手术适用证、手术结果、术后并发症及排便控制等方面进行分析.     

改良Soave术治疗婴儿和新生儿先天性巨结肠27例

目的总结改良Soave根治术治疗婴儿和新生儿先天性巨结肠的手术体会。方法对27例10d￣3个月的先天性巨结肠患儿行改良Soave根治术,其中14例常见型巨结肠经肛门直接拖出,4例因根治术前肠穿孔行结肠造瘘术。腹部不切开肠管亦不剥离肌鞘,而是转至会阴部操作,保留肌鞘后壁距齿状线0.5cm,前壁距齿状线2￣3cm。结果术后无内括约肌征候群及肌鞘感染,每月随访1次,无便秘、腹胀及失禁现象,大便控制良好。结论改良Soave根治术应用于小婴儿和新生儿先天性巨结肠,创伤小,恢复快,减轻了患儿痛苦,术后可获得良好的排便控制功能,近期疗效满意。     

改良Soave术与传统Duhamel术治疗先天性巨结肠比较

目的比较经肛门巨结肠根治术(改良Soave术)和传统Duhamel巨结肠根治术的优缺点。方法2001年7月- 2003年5月采用改良Soave术治疗巨结肠患儿21例和1998-2001年采用传统巨结肠根治术治疗患儿32例,并比较两种方法的用血量、手术时间、术后禁食时间和术后并发症的发生。结果改良Soave术式用血量为(20.2±3.5)mL、手术时间(90.1±6.7)min、术后平均禁食时间(18 2±1.3)h,无术后并发症。传统巨结肠根治用血量为(120.5±12.4)mL、手术时间(156.4±16.8)min、术后平均禁食时闻(46.6±2,5)h,两者比较有显著差异(P均<0.05),传统巨结肠根治4例术后出现肛门狭窄,3 例术后有污粪。结论改良Soave术式用时少,术中出血少,患儿恢复快,手术效果好。     

腹腔镜下改良Soave术治疗婴幼儿先天性巨结肠20例

目的总结腹腔镜下改良Soave术治疗婴幼儿先天性巨结肠(HD)的手术方法、操作经验和疗效。方法对婴幼儿HD患儿20例(男16例,女4例;年龄3.5个月-4岁)采用气管插管全身麻醉,腹腔镜下应用超声刀切断拖出段结肠系膜,会阴部采用改良Soave术完成手术。结果病例均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间132 min,平均切除结肠肠管长度35 cm,平均术中出血14 mL,均未输血。术后发生小肠结肠炎2例。随访6个月-3年,平均14.5个月,无便秘、污粪、肠梗阻、肛门黏膜外翻、吻合口狭窄等并发症发生,排便控制在1-2次/d。结论腹腔镜下改良Soave术治疗婴幼儿HD具有创伤小、出血少、操作简便、恢复快、并发症少等优点。     

腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术根治小儿先天性巨结肠

目的总结腹腔镜辅助改良Soave术根治小儿先天性巨结肠的临床经验。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2011年10月作者收治的42例先天性巨结肠患儿床资料,对操作经验进行总结。结果全部病例均手术成功,无中转开腹病例,平均手术时间150min,术后平均住院时间7d,无腹腔镜操作相关的近期并发症,远期随访无污粪和便秘复发。结论腹腔镜辅助改良Soave根治术治疗先天性巨结肠安全有效,具有微创效果,值得推广。     

经肛门改良Soave手术治疗小儿先天性巨结肠

目的探讨经肛门后正中切开直肠肌鞘改良Soave巨结肠根治术治疗先天性巨结肠的临床疗效。方法收集2003年1月至2014年2月我们经肛门后正中切开肌鞘行改良Soave术治疗的72例先天性巨结肠患儿临床资料。对手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症、肛门排便功能进行分析。结果 72例中,除3例并发肠炎(经保守治疗后痊愈)外,其他均效果良好。结论经肛门后正中切开改良Soave术是治疗小儿先天性巨结肠的有效方法。主要用于短段型和常见型。具有创伤小、恢复快、美观、术后并发症少等优点。     

经肛门结肠拖出术(Soave术)治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠

目的 报道采用微创方法治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠。方法 自2001年10月起采用经肛门结肠拖出术(Soave术)治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠35例。结果 35例Ⅰ期手术均成功，术后2d拔除胃管开始进食，14d开始扩肛。随访6个月，无1例出现污粪、失禁、便秘等早期并发症。结论 经肛门结肠拖出术治疗新生儿先天性巨结肠，手术操作简单，创伤小，近期疗效良好。     

经肛门Soave拖出术治疗婴幼儿先天性巨结肠

先天性巨结肠（Hirschsprung’s diseace HD）是一种常见的肠道发育畸形，又称先天性肠无神经节细胞症，是引起小儿便秘的常见原因之一。本文介绍本院应用经肛门一期Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠的临床经验。     

先天性巨结肠经肛门Soave Ⅰ期拖出术后功能随访

目的评估先天性巨结肠经肛门Soave Ⅰ期拖出术后排便功能。方法随访2000年10月-2004年10月经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术44例，开腹Soave术35例，腹腔镜Soave术29例，Ikeda-soper术39例。术后随访1～5年。对围手术期疗效（术前准备时间、手术时间、术中输血量、术后禁食天数、应用抗生素时间、住院天数及费用）及术后排便控制能力（Kelly评分和直肠肛管测压）进行评估。结果经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术平均手术时间（75±20）min、费用（8198．81元）低于开腹术[（92±25）min；10264．45元]、腹腔镜术[（125±25）min；12504．67元]（P〈0．05）；术前肠道准备（2d）、手术时间（75±20）min、术中输血量（0例）、术后禁食天数（2d）、应用抗生素时间（4±1）d、住院天数（11±2）d及费用（8198．81）元较Ikeda-soper术[（4±1）d；（240±30）min；32例；（5±1）d；（7±2）d；（19±3）d；15243．78元]显著降低（P〈0．01）。经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术后的近远期并发症发生情况与开腹术、腹腔镜术无显著差别（P〉0．05）；Soave术后3个月小肠结肠炎的发生率（12例）高于Ikeda-soper术（3例）（P〈0．05），但就经肛门Soave术（5例）与Ikeda-soper术（3例）比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。经肛门Ⅰ期拖出术和Ikeda-soper术患儿术后12个月Kelly评分无差别；术后1年直肠肛管测压均未引出直肠肛管抑制反射，术后肛管高压区长度、肛管静息压、直肠感觉阈值无统计学差异，但经肛门SoaveⅠ期拖出术后主动收缩压（52．3±15．6）mmHg低于Ikeda-soper术后（55．7±15．4）ramHg。结论经肛门SoaveⅠ期拖出术创伤小、并发症少、费用明显低于开腹、腹腔镜Soave术以及Ikeda-soper术，适用于治疗小年龄婴幼儿的短段型和常见型先天性巨结肠。     

改良Soave术治疗先天性直肠肛管狭窄的疗效分析

目的总结分析改良Soave术治疗先天性直肠肛管狭窄的临床疗效,探讨准确诊断和一期治愈的手术方法。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2015年1月至2018年1月采用改良Soave术治疗5例先天性直肠肛管狭窄患儿的疗效。其中男3例,女2例,年龄4个月至6岁,病程1个月至6年,均足月出生,5例大肠气钡双重造影提示均合并继发性巨结肠,临床表现可排细条状大便。结果5例患儿术后手术切口一期愈合,排便通畅,术后1个月无小肠结肠炎、吻合口出血、吻合口漏、肌鞘感染、泌尿系统感染、腹膜炎;随访12~37个月,远期无便秘,无梗阻综合征、吻合口狭窄,无二次入院。其中1例远期出现Ⅰ°直肠脱垂,随访该患儿停止扩肛3个月后直肠黏膜脱垂频率较扩肛期间逐渐减少,截至术后15个月时已无直肠黏膜脱垂,排便正常,平均1次/d。1例远期夜间偶有污便,随访该患儿术后1年夜间偶有污便,日间控便正常,可保证生活质量。结论小儿先天性直肠肛管狭窄治疗方法尚无统一标准,常合并继发性巨结肠,改良Soave术为一期手术治愈先天性直肠肛管狭窄提供可能。准确诊断主要依据大肠气钡双重造影,狭窄段主要位于耻尾线(PC线)与I线之间。     

Soave procedure for infants with Hirschsprung's disease

Objective Traditionally the surgical treatment of Hirschsprung’s disease (H.D) includes preliminary colostomy in normally innervated bowel followed by one of several pull through procedures. The transanal single stage Soave procedure eliminated the need for preliminary colostomy and intraabdominal dissection. It is a recent concept in the management of this disease, and this is the first experience to be reported from India.Methods: Four children aged 3 weeks to one year underwent transanal pull through procedure over a two month period. A rectal mucosectomy was performed starting 0.5 cm. proximal to the dentate line and extending proximally to the level of intraperitoneal rectum. The muscular sleeve was divided circumferentially to allow the full thickness mobilization of the proximal colon. Ganglion cells were confirmed by frozen section and bowel was transected. The rectal muscular cuff was divided longitudinally and the anastomosis was completed.Results: Operative time including the frozen section averaged 160 minutes and average length of the bowel resected was 22 cm. There were no postoperative complications and all patients were discharged on seventh postoperative day. Median follow-up was 5 months (4–6 months) and stool output ranged from 2–4 per day.Conclusion: The authors conclude that a single stage transanal Soave’s pull through for Hirschsprung’s Disease can be performed successfully in infants. When compared to conventional pull through procedure, it has the potential advantage of lower cost, less risk of damage to pelvic structures, absence of any abdominal incision, a lower incidence of intraperitoneal bleeding and adhesion formation. The preliminary functional results suggest that the patients gain early bowel function post operatively without soiling or constipation     

先天性巨结肠Soave术后大便失禁的评价和治疗

目的 对先天性巨结肠Soave术后大便失禁进行评价和治疗.方法 先天性巨结肠Soave术后大便失禁患儿24例,男14例,女10例,年龄6～13岁,肛门功能临床评价为良19例,差5例.全部患儿行肛门直肠测压,并与18例肛门功能正常的Soave术后儿童比较.所有患儿在医院接受生物反馈训练2周后自行在家中行盆底肌收缩训练.结果 肛管静息压、收缩压、直肠初感觉分别为(18.9±6.2)mmHg、(179.9±17.8)mmHg、(45.4±9.4)ml,与18例对照组儿童相比[分别为(44.5±11.1)mmHg、(177.7±15.9)mmHg、(50.0±10.1)ml],静息压明显下降,收缩压、直肠感觉无明显变化.3例不配合治疗,21例1年后除5例未能坚持外,其余16例获得良好的肛门控制,肛管静息压、肛管收缩压、直肠初感觉分别为(35.4±8.7)mmHg、(195.3±15.0)mmHg、(45.9±8.4)ml.肛管静息压和收缩压均升高.结论 内括约肌损伤可能是先天性巨结肠Soave术后大便失禁的原因之一,对此盆底肌训练可取得满意的治疗效果.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercise for the treatment of fecal incontinence after Soave procedure for Hirschsprung's disease. Methods Twenty four patients who had Soave procedure for Hirschsprung's disease and presented fecal incontinence after surgery were recruited in this study. They were 14 males and 10 females, aged from 6 to 13 years old. Eighteen children who had normal defecation after Soave procedure were selected as controls. All the subjects had manometry to measure resting anal canal pressure, squeeze pressure, and rectal sensation.All the patients had two weeks biofeedback therapy during their stay in hospital. After being discharged, they were taught and prescribed to do pelvic floor muscle exercise at home. Results Of the children with fecal incontinence, the resting anal canal pressure, squeeze pressure and rectal sensation were ( 18. 9 ± 6. 2 ) mmHg, ( 179. 9 ± 17. 8) mmHg, (45. 4 ± 9. 4) ml, respectively. Compared with the controls, the resting anal canal pressure was lower [(18. 9±6. 2) mmHg vs (44. 5 ± 11.1) mmHg].But no difference of squeeze pressure and rectal sensation was found between the 2 groups [(179. 9 ±17. 8)mmHg vs (177. 7 ± 15. 9) mmHg, (45.4 ± 9. 4)ml vs (50. 0 ± 10. 1)ml]. Three patients dropped out of the therapy. Five patients stopped the exercise after the first year. The other 21 who kept exercise improved their defecation function. Their resting anal canal pressure, squeeze pressure and rectal sensation were (35. 4 ± 8. 7)mmHg, (195. 3 ± 15.0)mmHg and (45. 9 ± 8. 4)ml, respectively. Conclusions The dysfunction of internal anal sphincter might be the main cause for fecal incontinence after Soave procedure. Pelvic floor muscle training is helpful to improve the defecation function of the patients.     

经肛门Swenson术及Soave术治疗巨结肠临床效果分析

目的 探讨分析巨结肠经肛门改良Swenson术、经肛门Swenson术(即完整保留直肠肛管黏膜及肌层)及经肛门Soave术三种术式的临床效果及各种并发症的发生率.方法 结合我科巨结肠经肛门行改良Swenson术505例经验,加上统计国内外文献巨结肠经肛门Swenson术456例及经肛门Soave术1443例的大宗病例,将其各种并发症加以统计并予以分析.结果 经肛门改良Swenson术的污粪发生率为0.6％、经肛门Swenson术为3.5％、经肛门Soave术为6.4％;吻合口狭窄的发生率分别是0.4％、0、2.1％;失禁发生率为0.2％、0.4％、0.4％;结肠小肠炎发生率为1.2％、0.4％、7.2％;便秘复发率为1.2％、0.9％、4.1％.三种手术方式并发症数据进行3×2行列表x2检验,两两比较分析,经肛门Swenson术组和改良Swenson术组组间总并发症发生率差异没有统计学意义(x2=1.6546,P=0.1983);而经肛门Soave术组与经肛门Swenson术组和改良Swenson术组的组间总并发症发生率差异均有统计学意义,分别为x2=56.3752、P＜0.0001和x2=78.1408、P＜0.0001.结论 三种经肛门手术均降低了手术创伤,但经肛门改良Swenson术和经肛门Swenson术术后并发症较少,临床效果更好.     

Endorectal pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease

From 1 July 1974 to 30 June 1987, 78 patients with Hirschsprung's disease underwent Soave's endorectal pull-through at the Hadassah University Medical Center in Jerusalem; 12 patients treated by Swenson or modified Duhamel procedures are not included in this report. All the patients were initially diagnosed and treated at our institution. Sixty-three (80%) had standard rectosigmoid disease; 15 (20%) had longer aganglionic segments; and 1 had total colonic aganglionosis. The diagnosis was made in 45 neonates (58%) and 28 infants (36%). Only 5 children were older than 1 year at diagnosis. Seventy-five patients (96%) underwent initial colostomy performed closely proximal to the transition zone. The definitive Soave endorectal pull-through was performed in the majority of the patients before the age of 1 year. There was no mortality. A relatively low morbidity was encountered and all the patients are continent after follow-up periods of 1 to 13 years. In view of its gratifying results, Soave's endorectal pull-through is our preferred definitive procedure for Hirschsprung's disease in infants and young children. Offprint requests to: M. Schiller     

Long-term follow-up of bowel function, behaviors and psychological situations of the children underwent operations for Hirschsprung's disease

目的 对心形吻合术治疗先天性巨结肠(HD)的远期疗效进行大样本随访研究,希望能对HD患儿术后远期排便功能及行为心理状态做出一个较为中肯的评定.方法 对2001年1月至2011年1月接受心形吻合术,自愿参与并配合随访的218例HD患儿采用电话、信件及来院复诊等多种方式进行随访.按随访时间将这些患儿分为术后1年组23例、术后1～5年组144例及术后5～10年组51例.内容包括患儿术后有无污粪、大便失禁、便秘复发、结肠炎、顽固性尿潴留等主观指标和钡剂灌肠及直肠肛门测压等客观指标;同时对患儿术后行为心理状态使用儿童行为量表(CBCL)进行评定.结果 术后1年组无便秘复发病例,但Keding评分2.5±0.5低于其他2组3.2±0.7和3.3±0.6,污粪比例39.1％(9/23)高于其他2组9.0％(13/144)和9.8％(5/51),3组均无大便失禁及顽固性尿潴留出现.术后1年组患儿肛管静息压(31.6±13.2)mmHg、高压带长度(13.2±6.5)mm、主动收缩压(4.6±1.9)mmHg均低于其他2组(47.6±4.2)mmHg和(51.3±8.6)mmHg、(24.3±4.6)mm和(26.7±6.9)mm、(6.7±3.8)mmHg和(7.4±4.3)mmHg.钡剂灌肠显示术后1年组患儿肛管长度(16.9±6.8)mm明显短于其他2组(23.9±4.8)mm和(26.1±7.1)mm,钡剂残留及钡剂外溢多于其他2组;有8例患儿在术后1年内结肠形态僵直,未形成典型直肠肛管角.患儿行为心理问题主要表现为躯体诉述、社交退缩、多动、违纪等.结论 心形吻合术是一种成熟可靠的手术方式,术后严重并发症少.但大样本长期随访发现,HD患儿在心形吻合术后各时段内仍有发生各种并发症的可能性,因此有必要建立长期随访制度,以便及时发现问题并积极处理,这将有利于改善患儿术后的排便功能及行为心理状况.     

Treatment of Hirschsprung's disease without colostomy

The authors report 21 cases of Hirschsprung's disease with severe neonatal symptoms: intestinal obstruction, enterocolitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The goal of the approach was to avoid colostomy. After the diagnosis was established, prompt treatment was begun usually with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via a central catheter. In the first 11 patients surgery was performed at an average age of 8 months, starting preoperatively with an elemental diet. From 1987,to 1990, 10 patients were treated. After a period,of TPN and complete resolution of intestinal symptoms, an early Soave pull-through was performed at an average age of 34 days. Follow-up varied from 16 months to 8 years. The results were excellent: there were no anastomotic leaks or infections and stenosis was prevented by means of periodic calibrations and/or dilitations. Evacuations were regular in all cases. Correspondence to: C. Del Rossi     

Ten years' experience with laparoscopic-assisted endorectal Soave pull-through procedure with a short muscular cuff for Hirschsprung's disease

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助下经肛门Soave长肌鞘分离、短肌鞘吻合、后壁“V”形切除术,治疗先天性巨结肠症(HD)的并发症和疗效.方法 回顾分析1999年9月至2010年6月间采用改良腹腔镜辅助下经肛门Soave术治疗HD患儿218例的临床资料、术中术后并发症、排便功能等.手术技术在Georgeson-Soave基础上稍有改进,包括减少盆底游离、环形黏膜切口、电凝分离黏膜直到腹膜反折、肌鞘剪短,后壁V形部分切除.结果 218例患儿,手术年龄为15 d～12岁,狭窄段位于直肠乙状结肠176例、左半结肠38例、横结肠4例.平均手术时间176min,中转开腹2例.术中左髂血管出血1例、新直肠180°扭转2例.肠蠕动恢复时间8～36 h(平均23 h),术后住院时间7～20 d(平均10.4 d).术后2周以内每天排便3～12次(平均4.6次),术后3个月每天排便1～5次(平均2.3次).早期术后并发症包括小肠从套管孔疝出2例(0.9％),肛周皮炎共73例(35.6％),吻合口瘘3例(1.4％).182例患儿随访6～120个月,晚期术后并发症包括粘连性肠梗阻2例(1.1％),肛门狭窄4例(2.2％),小肠结肠炎17例(9.3％),便秘4例(2.2％),污便8例(4.4％).排便功能优良率达到87％.结论 腹腔镜辅助下经肛门Soave长肌鞘分离,短肌鞘吻合,肌鞘后壁“V”形切除治疗HD安全有效.术后并发症中括约肌痉挛、便秘复发和小肠结肠炎发生率减少,污便的发生率没有增加.