共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Wei Zhu Daniel P. Heil 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(5):727-732
Aims
This study investigated the associations of vitamin D status (i.e., serum 25(OH)D concentration) with markers of metabolic health and metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as possible gender differences in these associations, with metabolic syndrome (MS) for a sample from Shanghai, China.Methods
Demographic and anthropometric data, as well as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (serum 25(OH)D), blood glucose, and lipid concentrations were obtained for 508 urban residents aged 19–70 years. After grouping into tertiles according to their serum 25(OH)D concentrations, linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate associations between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk factors for MS across tertiles.Results
A 1?ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a significant decrease in total cholesterol by 0.25?mmol/L [95% CI: (?0.44, ?0.05); P?=?0.014] for the third tertile, with reference to the first tertile. Also, 1?ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a significant decrease in LDL by 0.18?mmol/L [95% CI: (?0.35, ?0.02); P?=?0.026] for the third tertile. In addition, participants in the third tertile had a 54% reduction in the OR for MS [95% CI: (?1.10,? 0.02), P?=?0.041]. Lastly, while there was no gender difference in vitamin D deficiency status, the non-MS women had significantly higher 25(OH)D level than those with MS (30.1?±?5.8 vs. 28.5?±?5.9?ng/mL, P?=?0.035), while no such difference was observed for men.Conclusions
Higher serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a better metabolic profile and thus a lower risk for developing MS in urban Shanghai residents of China. 相似文献2.
Tarek Mohamed Ali Ahmad El Askary 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(6):1045-1050
Background
Inconsistent results have been described regarding the part of fetuin-A and testosterone in arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Aim
To look into the links of serum fetuin-A and testosterone levels with brachial-Ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a marker of arteriosclerosis and common carotid intima media thickness (ccIMT), a marker of early atherosclerosis, in diabetic Saudi men patients.Subjects and methods
One hundred and fifty adult male patients with T2DM and 60 non-diabetic control subjects were enrolled from different Saudi Arabia Taif hospitals. Biochemical analysis, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, baPWV and ccIMT were investigated.Results
Stepwise regression in diabetic patients revealed that the most important predictor of ba-PWV was serum fetuin-A followed by serum glucose and the most important predictor of ccIMT was serum fetuin-A followed by serum HDL then serum triglycerides.Conclusions
Only fetuin-A levels not testosterone are negatively associated with early markers of atherosclerosis. 相似文献3.
S. Zoghi V. Ziaee T. Hirschmugl R. Jimenez-Heredia A. Krolo K. Boztug N. Rezaei 《Allergologia et immunopathologia》2018,46(6):594-598
Introduction and objectives
Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (pSLE) is an autoimmune disorder of children. Early disease onset raises the probability of genetic etiology and it is more severe than adult SLE.Patients and methods
Herein an eight-year-old girl with pSLE from consanguineous parents is reported.Results
Although she was diagnosed as pSLE since the age of two years, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) revealed a rare stop-gained C>T mutation in C1QA gene. The variant was validated and segregated in patient and the family. Furthermore, serum levels of the C1q protein were measured and found to be much lower than normal ranges.Conclusions
This study indicated that C1Q deficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis of pSLE. Therefore, measurement of C1q should be recommended in all cases with pSLE. 相似文献4.
Background
In recent years, the prevalence of asthma has risen in developed countries, and its extent related to a change in our indigenous microbiota. Helicobacter pylori disappearance across the population represents a fundamental change in our human microbiota and has preceded the rise in asthma prevalence.Objective
To assess the relationship between childhood asthma and Helicobacter pylori infection.Methods
Quantitative determination of Helicobacter pylori IgG among 90 asthmatic children and 90 – age and gender – matched non-atopic, non-asthmatic healthy children was performed using ELISA in serum of all participants.Results
Helicobacter pylori IgG seropositivity was found in 25.6% of asthmatics compared to 44.4% of controls. Asthmatics showed lower median Helicobacter pylori IgG titre compared to healthy controls. We also detected a significant inverse relationship between Helicobacter pylori IgG titre and asthma severity.Conclusion
Helicobacter pylori seropositivity protects against childhood asthma and inversely correlates to its clinical and functional severity. 相似文献5.
Carlos Arias-Cabrales María José Pérez-Sáez Dolores Redondo-Pachón Anna Buxeda Carla Burballa Sheila Bermejo Adriana Sierra Marisa Mir Andrea Burón Ana Zapatero Marta Crespo Julio Pascual 《Nefrología : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Espa?ola Nefrologia》2018,38(5):503-513
Introduction
Kidney donor shortage requires expanding donor selection criteria, as well as use of objective tools to minimize the percentage of discarded organs. Some donor pre-transplant variables such as age, standard/expanded criteria donor (SCD/ECD) definition and calculation of the Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI), have demonstrated correlations with patient and graft outcomes. We aimed to establish the accuracy of the three models to determine the prognostic value of kidney transplantation (KT) major outcomes.Material and methods
We performed a retrospective study in deceased donor KTs at our institution. Unadjusted Cox and Kaplan–Meier survival, and multivariate Cox analyses were fitted to analyze the impact of donor age, SCD/ECD and KDPI on outcomes.Results
389 KTs were included. Mean donor age was 53.6 ± 15.2 years; 163 (41.9%) came from ECD; mean KDPI was 69.4 ± 23.4%. Median follow-up was 51.9 months. The unadjusted Cox and Kaplan–Meier showed that the three prognostic variables of interest were related to increased risk of patient death, graft failure and death-censored graft failure. However, in the multivariate analysis only KDPI was related to a higher risk of graft failure (HR 1.03 [95% CI 1.01–1.05]; p = 0.014).Conclusions
SCD/ECD classification did not provide significant prognostic information about patient and graft outcomes. KDPI was linearly related to a higher risk of graft failure, providing a better assessment. More studies are needed before using KDPI as a tool to discard or accept kidneys for transplantation. 相似文献6.
7.
Ahmed Fayed Mahmoud M. El Nokeety Ahmed A. Heikal Khaled Marzouk Hany Hammad Dina O. Abdulazim Mona M. Salem Usama A. Sharaf El Din 《Nefrología : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Espa?ola Nefrologia》2018,38(5):514-519
Background
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) negatively correlates with serum phosphorus level of stage 3a-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. So far, no explanation has been provided for this negative association.Objective
To confirm this negative association and determine if this relationship is mediated through other known co-morbid factors.Cases and methods
One hundred (57 male and 43 female) pre-dialysis stage 3a-5 CKD patients were selected. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and intact fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) were assessed. A correlation analysis between serum 25(OH)D and the different parameters studied was performed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was carried out to determine predictors of 25(OH)D.Results
The negative association between serum 25(OH)D and serum P was confirmed in univariate and multivariate correlation analysis. On the other hand, we failed to detect a significant association between 25(OH)D and serum FGF23. Serum P is the most important independent predictor of 25(OH)D in these patients (partial R2 = 0.15, p < 0.0001).Conclusion
Serum P is likely to have a direct negative impact on serum 25(OH)D. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanism. 相似文献8.
Jui-Cheng Chen Cheng-Chih Tsai Chang-Chi Hsieh Alice Lan Chun-Chih Huang Sew-Fen Leu 《Allergologia et immunopathologia》2018,46(4):354-360
Background
Probiotics could be beneficial to health and some of them have shown to modulate immune responses.Aim
The aim of this study is to investigate if the probiotic strains including Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains are able to alleviate allergic reactions in an ovalbumin-induced airway allergy model.Methods
Lactobacillus multi-species preparation (LMP) was gavaged to BALB/c for total six weeks and BALB/c was challenged with ovalbumin in the last two weeks. A barometric whole-body plethysmography was used to assess enhanced pause (Penh) of airway hyperreactivity (AHR). Immunoglobulins (Ig) such as IgE, IgG1, IgG2a and cytokines such as IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-α and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assayed using ELISA kits.Results
The results showed this LMP significantly reduced Th2 cytokines and enhanced Th1 cytokines production. OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 was lower in the probiotics-treated mice whereas IgG2a was increased. Most importantly, this murine model showed LMP supplementation significantly reduced AHR.Conclusions
Overall, this Lactobacillus multi-species preparation seemed to suppress OVA-sensitized airway hyperreactivity, thus serving as a possible candidate for therapeutic uses for allergic airway symptoms. 相似文献9.
T.-T. Li A.-P. Wang J.-X. Lu M.-Y. Chen C.-C. Zhao Z.-H. Tang L.-X. Li W.-P. Jia 《Diabetes & metabolism》2018,44(5):437-443
Aim
As the prevalence and clinical characteristics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are still unknown in ketosis-onset diabetes, the present study compared the characteristics of NAFLD in type 1 diabetes (T1D), ketosis-onset and non-ketotic type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.Methods
This cross-sectional study was performed with newly diagnosed Chinese patients with diabetes, including 39 T1D, 165 ketosis-onset and 173 non-ketotic T2D, with 30 non-diabetics included as controls. NAFLD was determined by hepatic ultrasonography, then its clinical features were analyzed and its associated risk factors evaluated.Results
NAFLD prevalence in patients with ketosis-onset diabetes (61.8%) was significantly higher than in controls (23.3%; P = 0.003) and in T1D patients (15.4%; P < 0.001). However, there was no difference in prevalence between ketosis-onset and non-ketotic T2D patients (52.6%; P = 0.229), although BMI and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) proved to be independent risk factors for the presence of NAFLD in both these groups whereas, in T1D patients, serum uric acid levels were independent risk factors.Conclusion
NAFLD prevalence and risk factors in ketosis-onset diabetes were similar to those in non-ketotic T2D, but different from those in T1D. These data provide further evidence that ketosis-onset diabetes should be classified as a subtype of T2D rather than idiopathic T1D. 相似文献10.
Rita Marinheiro Leonor Parreira Pedro Amador Catarina Sá Tatiana Duarte Marta Fonseca José Farinha Cláudia Lopes Rui Caria 《Revista portuguesa de cardiologia》2018,37(10):835-841
Introduction and Objective
The benefits of implanted defibrillators in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) are well known. However, the evidence is less robust in patients with non‐ischemic heart disease (non‐IHD). We aimed to determine whether patients with non‐IHD have a similar incidence of appropriate shocks and all‐cause mortality compared to those with IHD.Methods
In a retrospective single‐center study we analyzed all patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators or cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillators implanted for primary prevention between 2004 and 2014. The population was divided into two groups: patients with IHD and patients with non‐IHD. The composite endpoint was appropriate shock and all‐cause mortality.Results
Two hundred and eighty‐one patients were studied, of whom 187 (66%) had IHD. Patients with IHD were older, more frequently male and with more cardiovascular risk factors. Mean follow‐up was 55±42 months. Thirty‐four patients (18%) with IHD and 20 patients (21%) with non‐IHD had an appropriate shock (p=0.64). Eighty‐nine patients (47%) with IHD and 36 (38%) with non‐IHD died during follow‐up (p=0.19). The rate of shocks or death over time was similar in patients with IHD and non‐IHD according to Kaplan‐Meier survival curve analysis (log‐rank p=0.10).Conclusion
In this population, there were no differences in appropriate shocks or all‐cause mortality in the two groups. 相似文献11.
T.D. Filippatos V. Tsimihodimos G. Liamis M.S. Elisaf 《Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews》2018,12(1):59-63
Aims
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that affect serum electrolytes levels. The aim of this review is the detailed presentation of the associated mechanisms of the SGLT2 inhibitors-induced electrolyte abnormalities.Materials and methods
Eligible trials and relevant articles published in PubMed (last search in July 2017) are included in the review.Results
SGLT2 inhibitors induce small increases in serum concentrations of magnesium, potassium and phosphate. The small increase in serum phosphate concentration may result in reduced bone density and increased risk of bone fractures, mainly seen with canagliflozin, but recent meta-analyses did not show increased risk of bone fractures with SGLT2 inhibitors.Conclusion
The increases in serum electrolytes levels may play a role in the cardiovascular protection that has been recently reported with empagliflozin and canagliflozin. 相似文献12.
S. Kralisch A. Hoffmann J. Kratzsch M. Blüher M. Stumvoll M. Fasshauer T. Ebert 《Diabetes & metabolism》2018,44(2):150-154
Aims
Neuregulin 4 has recently been recognized as a novel adipokine secreted by brown adipose tissue (BAT), with beneficial effects on murine insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Yet, thus far, neither regulation of neuregulin 4 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) nor its longitudinal changes in the peripartum period have been elucidated.Methods
Circulating neuregulin 4 levels were measured by ELISA in 74 women with GDM and 74 healthy, gestational-age-matched controls. Also, neuregulin 4 was quantified during pregnancy and compared with postpartum levels in a follow-up study of 25 women with previous GDM and 25 healthy control women.Results
Women with GDM had lower median serum levels of the novel BAT-secreted adipokine neuregulin 4 (3.0 μg/L) compared with healthy (non-GDM) pregnant controls (3.5 μg/L; P = 0.020), and the area under the glucose curve (AUCGlucose) was an independent and negative predictor of circulating neuregulin 4 (P = 0.033). Also, median postpartum serum concentrations of neuregulin 4 (3.2 μg/L) were not significantly different from prepartum levels (2.8 μg/L; P = 0.328). In addition, neuregulin 4 was positively and independently associated with irisin (P = 0.009), but not other BAT-secreted adipokines.Conclusion/interpretation
Women with GDM have significantly lower circulating neuregulin 4 levels compared with healthy pregnant controls, and the AUCGlucose is negatively and independently associated with neuregulin 4 during pregnancy. Neuregulin 4 is positively correlated with irisin during pregnancy, as well as in a longitudinal fashion. Future studies are now needed to better elucidate the precise pathomechanisms of the regulation of BAT-secreted adipokines during pregnancy. 相似文献13.
César Ríos-Navarro Luisa Hueso Gema Miñana Julio Núñez Amparo Ruiz-Saurí María Jesús Sanz Joaquin Cànoves Francisco J. Chorro Laura Piqueras Vicente Bodí 《Revista espa?ola de cardiología》2018,71(6):440-449
Introduction and objectives
Microvascular obstruction (MVO) exerts deleterious effects following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We investigated coronary angiogenesis induced by coronary serum and the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1A (HIF-1A) in MVO repair.Methods
Myocardial infarction was induced in swine by transitory 90-minute coronary occlusion. The pigs were divided into a control group and 4 AMI groups: no reperfusion, 1 minute, 1 week and 1 month after reperfusion. Microvascular obstruction and microvessel density were quantified. The proangiogenic effect of coronary serum drawn from coronary sinus on endothelial cells was evaluated using an in vitro tubulogenesis assay. Circulating and myocardial HIF-1A levels and the effect of in vitro blockade of HIF-1A was assessed.Results
Compared with control myocardium, microvessel density decreased at 90-minute ischemia, and MVO first occurred at 1 minute after reperfusion. Both peaked at 1 week and almost completely resolved at 1 month. Coronary serum exerted a neoangiogenic effect on coronary endothelial cells in vitro, peaking at ischemia and 1 minute postreperfusion (32 ± 4 and 41 ± 9 tubes vs control: 3 ± 3 tubes; P < .01). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1A increased in serum during ischemia (5-minute ischemia: 273 ± 52 pg/mL vs control: 148 ± 48 pg/mL; P < .01) being present on microvessels of all AMI groups (no reperfusion: 67% ± 5% vs control: 15% ± 17%; P < .01). In vitro blockade of HIF-1A reduced the angiogenic response induced by serum.Conclusions
Coronary serum represents a potent neoangiogenic stimulus even before reperfusion; HIF-1A might be crucial. Coronary neoangiogenesis induced by coronary serum can contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of AMI.Full English text available from:www.revespcardiol.org/en 相似文献14.
Irene Fuertes de Vega Carola Baliu-Piqué Jordi Bosch Mestres Andrea Vergara Gómez Xavier Vallés Mercè Alsina Gibert 《Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica》2018,36(3):165-168
Background
There are very few data available regarding risk factors associated with antibiotic resistant-Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Methods
A study was conducted on 110 samples from 101 patients with gonococcal infection, in order to describe their characteristics and compare them with the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of their samples.Results
An association was observed between resistant infections and heterosexual men, older age, concurrent sexually transmitted infection, and unsafe sexual behaviors.Conclusion
There is a need for improved data on the risk factors associated with antibiotic resistant gonococcal infection in order to identify risk groups, and to propose public health strategies to control this infection. 相似文献15.
E. Rubio-Gomis I. Martinez-Mir F.J. Morales-Olivas A. Martorell-Aragones V. Palop-Larrea A. Bernalte-Sesé J.C. Cerda-Mir P. Polo-Martín I. Febrer L. Aranda-Grau I. Llosa-Cortes Mª.J. Tejedor-Sanz J.C. Julia-Benito T. Alvarez-de-Laviada-Mulero Mª.V. Planelles-Cantarino E. Apolinar-Valiente M. Loriente-Tur A.M. Abella-Bazataqui B. Rodriguez-Gracia 《Allergologia et immunopathologia》2018,46(4):378-384
Background
The long-term efficacy of corticosteroids to prevent atopic dermatitis (AD) relapses has partially been addressed in children. This study compared an intermittent dosing regimen of fluticasone propionate (FP) cream 0.05% with its vehicle base in reducing the risk of relapse in children with stabilized AD.Methods
A randomized controlled, multicentric, double-blind trial was conducted. Children (2–10 years) with mild/moderate AD (exclusion criteria: >30% affected body surface area and/or head) were enrolled into an Open-label Stabilization Phase (OSP) of up to 2 weeks on twice daily FP. Those who achieved treatment success entered the Double-blind Maintenance Phase (DMP). They were randomly allocated to receive FP or vehicle twice-weekly on consecutive days for 16 weeks. The primary study endpoint was relapse rate; time to relapse and severity of disease were also studied. Kaplan–Meier estimates were calculated.Results
Fifty-four patients (29 girls) entered the OSP (23 mild AD) and 49 (26 girls) continued into the DMP. Mean age was 5.5 (SD: 2.8) and 5.1 (SD: 2.3) yrs for FP and vehicle groups, respectively. Four patients withdrew from the DMP (two in every group). Patients treated with FP twice weekly had a 2.7 fold lower risk of experiencing a relapse than patients treated with vehicle (relative risk 2.72, SD: 1.28; p = 0.034). FP was also superior to vehicle for delaying time to relapse. Both treatment therapies were well tolerated.Conclusion
This long-term study shows that twice weekly FP provides an effective maintenance treatment to control the risk of relapse in children with AD. 相似文献16.
Filipa Aguiar Gabriela Fernandes Henrique Queiroga José Carlos Machado Luís Cirnes Conceição Souto Moura Venceslau Hespanhol 《Archivos de bronconeumología》2018,54(1):10-17
Background
Patients with activating somatic mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) have better clinical outcomes when treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) over chemotherapy. However, the impact of the use of TKIs on overall survival outside clinical trials is not well established.Objective
To characterize and analyze the overall survival of a Caucasian population with NSCLC and EGFR mutations.Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with NSCLC screened for EGFR mutations (exons 18–21) between October 2009 and July 2013 was conducted. Clinical and pathological characteristics, mutational EGFR status, treatment and overall survival were evaluated.Results
From the 285 patients which performed screening for EGFR mutations, 54 (18.9%) had mutations, 25 (46.3%) of which in exon 19 and 20 of which (37.0%) in exon 21. The occurrence of mutations was associated with female sex and non-smoking habits (both, P < .001). The median survival of the global population was 12.0 months, with a better overall survival in mutated than non-mutated patients (20.0 vs 11.0 months, respectively; P = .007).Conclusion
These data contribute for a better knowledge of our lung cancer population concerning the mutational status and clinical outcomes, confirming a better overall survival for the patients with EGFR TKI sensible mutations. 相似文献17.
Benito Velayos Jiménez Noelia Alcaide Suárez Guillermo González Redondo Luis Fernández Salazar Rocío Aller de la Fuente Lourdes del Olmo Martínez Lourdes Ruiz Rebollo José Manuel González Hernández 《Gastroenterologia y hepatologia》2017,40(1):10-15
Introduction
The impact of the accumulated experience of the capsule endoscopy (CE) reader on the accuracy of this test is discussed.Aim
To determine whether the negative predictive value of CE findings changes along the learning curve.Methods
We reviewed the first 900 CE read by 3 gastroenterologists experienced in endoscopy over 8 years.These 900 CE were divided into 3 groups (300 CE each): group 1 consisted of the sum of the first 100 CE read by each of the 3 endoscopists; group 2, the sum of the second 100 and groups 3, the sum of the third 100.Patients with normal CE were monitored for at least 28 months to estimate the negative predictive value.Results
A total of 54 (18%) CE in group 1, 58 (19.3%) in group 2 and 47 (15.6%) in group 3 were normal, although only 34 patients in group 1, 38 in group 2 and 36 in group 3 with normal CE completed follow up and were eventually studied.The negative predictive value was 88.2% in group 1, 89.5% in group 2 and 97% in group 3 (P > .05).Conclusion
The negative predictive value tended to increase, but remained high and did not change significantly after the first 100 when readers are experienced in conventional endoscopy and have preliminary specific training. 相似文献18.
Cristiane Travensolo Karla Goessler Roberto Poton Roberta Ramos Pinto Marcos Doederlein Polito 《Revista portuguesa de cardiologia》2018,37(6):525-537
Introduction
The literature concerning the effects of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on field tests results is inconsistent.Purpose
To perform a systematic review with meta‐analysis on field tests results after programs of CR.Methods
Studies published in PubMed and Web of Science databases until May 2016 were analyzed. The standard difference in means correct by bias (Hedges’ g) was used as effect size (g) to measure que amount of modifications in performance of field tests after CR period. Potential differences between subgroups were analyzed by Q‐test based on ANOVA.Results
Fifteen studies published between 1996 e 2016 were included in the review, 932 patients and age ranged 54,4 ‐ 75,3 years old. Fourteen studies used the six‐minutes walking test to evaluate the exercise capacity and one study used the Shuttle Walk Test. The random Hedges's g was 0.617 (P<0.001), representing a drop of 20% in the performance of field test after CR. The meta‐regression showed significantly association (P=0.01) to aerobic exercise duration, i.e., for each 1‐min increase in aerobic exercise duration, there is a 0.02 increase in effect size for performance in the field test.Conclusion
Field tests can detect physical modification after CR, and the large duration of aerobic exercise during CR was associated with a better result. 相似文献19.
Tonya Azevedo Duarte Joilda Silva Nery Neio Boechat Susan Martins Pereira Vera Simonsen Martha Oliveira Maria Gabriela Miranda Gomes Carlos Penha-Gonçalves Mauricio Lima Barreto Theolis Barbosa 《The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases》2017,21(3):317-324
Introduction
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis East African-Indian (EAI) spoligotyping family (belonging to lineage 1, Indo-Oceanic, defined by the region of deletion RD239) is distributed worldwide, but is more prevalent in Southeast Asia, India, and East Africa. Studies in Latin America have rarely identified EAI. In this study, we describe the occurrence of the EAI family in Brazil.Methods
EAI was identified in a systematic literature review of genetic diversity studies pertaining to M. tuberculosis in Brazil, as well as in a survey conducted in Salvador, Bahia, located in the northeastern region of this country.Results
The EAI6-BGD1 spoligotyping family and the EAI5 Spoligotype International Type (SIT) 1983 clade were the most frequently reported, with wide distribution of this particular clade described in Brazil. The distribution of other EAI spoligotyping patterns with broader worldwide distribution was restricted to the southeastern region of the country.Conclusions
EAI may be endemic at a low frequency in Brazil, with some clades indicating increased fitness with respect to this population. 相似文献20.