首例中国数字化可视人体完成

目的　建立中国的数字化可视人体 (Digitizedvisiblehuman)。方法　选择经肉眼观察、CT和MRI检查无器质性病变的中等身材、中年男性人体标本 1例 ,经外形测量、血管灌注后 ,用 5 %明胶包埋 ,置入 -3 0℃盐水池中冰冻 1周 ,然后在 -2 5℃低温实验室中用TK 63 5 0型数控铣床 (铣切精度为 0 .0 0 1mm)从头至足逐层铣切。逐层用高清晰度数码相机摄影 ,完成人体模型数据获取 ,得到人体结构数据集。利用连续断层图像数据 ,在SGI图像工作站上 ,利用本课题组自主开发的三维重建软件包进行人体结构的三维重建和立体显示。结果　所选用标本为男性 ,3 5岁 ,身高 170 0mm ,体重 65kg ,重庆人 ,非器质性疾病死亡。CT扫描层厚 :头颈部为 1.0mm ,其他部位为 2 .0mm。MRI扫描层厚为 1.5mm。连续横断面层厚 :头部和颈部为 0 .5mm ,其中颅底部为 0 .1mm ,其他部位为 1.0mm ,全身共计 2 5 18个断面。数字化摄影分辨率为 62 914 5 6(3 0 72× 2 0 48)像素 ,每个断面图像文件大小为 3 6MB ,整个数据集数据量为 90 .64 8GB。结论　①本文报道的研究结果为首例中国可视化人体 (ChineseVisibleHuman)的正式报道 ,使我国成为第三个拥有本国可视化人体数据集的国家。其研究结果同时在国际互联网站发布 ,网站为 :http : www .chine     

首例中国女性数字化可视人体数据集采集与可视化研究

目的　建立中国女性数字化可视人体 (Chinesedigitizedvisiblehumanfemale)。方法　选择经肉眼观察、CT和MRI检查无器质性病变的中等身材、青年女性人体标本 1例 ,经外形测量、血管灌注后 ,用 5 %明胶包埋 ,置入 -3 0℃冰库中冰冻 1周 ,然后在 -2 5℃低温实验室中用TK 63 5 0型数控铣床 (铣切精度为 0 0 0 1mm)从头至足逐层铣切。逐层用高清晰度数码相机摄影 ,完成人体模型数据获取 ,得到人体结构数据集。利用连续断层图像数据 ,在SGI图像工作站上 ,利用本课题组自主开发的三维重建软件包进行人体结构的三维重建和立体显示。结果　所选用标本为女性 ,2 2岁 ,身高 162 0mm ,体质量 5 4kg ,非器质性疾病死亡。CT扫描层厚 :头颈部为 1 0mm ,其他部位为 2 0mm。MRI扫描层厚头部为 1 5mm ,其余部位为 3 0mm。连续横断面层厚 :头部为 0 2 5mm ,其他部位为 0 5mm ,全身共计 3 64 0个断面。数字化摄影分辨率为 62 914 5 6(3 0 72× 2 0 48)像素 ,每个断面图像文件大小为 3 6MB ,整个数据集数据量为 13 1 0 4GB。结论　①经文献检索和查新 ,仅见美国Colorado大学于 1995年 12月完成了 1例女性人体标本的数据采集。本研究结果增添了新的一例女性可视化人体的数据资料 ,其研究结果同时在国际互联网站发布 ,网     

首例中国女性数字化可视人体数据集完成

本课题组继 2 0 0 2年 8月完成首例数字化可视人体之后[1 ] ,于 2 0 0 3年 2月完成了一例女性数字化可视人体数据集的建立。　　材料与方法　选择经肉眼观察、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查无器质性病变的中等身材、青年女性人体标本 1例 ,经外形测量、血管灌注后 ,用 5 %明胶包埋 ,置入 -3 0℃冰库中冰冻 1周 ,然后在 -2 5℃低温实验室中用ＴＫ 63 5 0型数控铣床 (铣切精度为 0 0 0 1ｍｍ)从头至足逐层铣切。逐层用高清晰度数码相机摄影 ,完成人体模型数据获取 ,得到人体结构数据集。利用连续断层图像数据 ,在ＳＧＩ图像工作站上 ,利用本课题组自主开…     

首例中国可视化人体心脏薄层断层解剖学研究

目的　探讨人体心脏薄层影像断面的形态学规律。方法　经肉眼观察和CT、MRI检查无器质性病变的中等身材、中年男性标本 1例 ,经外形测量、血管灌注后 ,用明胶包埋 ,冰冻 1周 ,然后在低温实验室中用数控铣床从头至足逐层洗切。逐层用高清晰度数码相机摄影 ,完成人体数据集的获取。结果　首例中国可视化人体心脏部分共计 15 0层 ,每层厚度为 1 0mm ,每层断面所显示的心脏结构清晰 ,数字化摄影分辨率为 62 914 5 6( 3 0 72× 2 0 48)像素 ,每个断面图像文件大小为 3 6MB ,整个心脏部分数据集量为 2 7GB。并对本例可视化人体心脏部分的数据集进行总结和分析。结论　本研究报道的首例中国可视化人体心脏部分为连续、完整的薄层断面 ,无节段性数据缺损 ,厚度均匀 ,为心脏三维重建及可视化心脏的研制奠定了基础 ,也为临床影像诊断学 (超声、CT、MRI)提供了完整、连续的薄层断层解剖学资料     

游离肝脏可视化数据获取技术研究

目的建立获取可供计算机可自动识别与三维重建的高精度人体游离肝脏可视化数据集的技术.方法采用多管道搭配灌注法对游离肝脏肝内管道进行分色灌注填充,经数控机床逐层铣切,完成断面图像数码摄影.结果获取无缺损的连续薄层横、冠、矢状断面可视化肝脏图像数据集,断面图像分辨率为1 100万像素,断面厚度0.2 mm.结论经多管道分色灌注后铣切获取的薄层肝脏断面图像能够较好地展示肝内管道系统的断面解剖学数据,有利于计算机准确而快捷地识别与完成肝内管道系统的三维重建.     

虚拟中国人女性一号肝脏数据集肝脏断面图像研究

目的: 研究数字化虚拟人体肝脏数据集图像中肝脏及肝脏管道结构特征.方法: 采用虚拟中国人女性一号(virtual Chinese human female No.1 VCH-F1)数据集肝脏部分的连续断面图像进行观察.结果: VCH-F1数据集含有875张肝脏连续断面图像,断面间距为0.2 mm,无信息缺失,图像所显示的肝脏断面中肝动脉、肝静脉、门静脉和胆道结构以及肝脏与周围相邻组织关系清晰,数字化摄影分辨率为3024 ×2016像素,每个断面图像文件大小为17.5 MB,数据量14.2G.结论: VCH-F1数据集肝脏段图像清晰,结构显示完整.     

数字化可视人体在解剖学教学中的应用简介

数字化可视人体是将成千上万个人体断面数据信息在计算机里整合重建成人体的三维立体结构图像,是医学与信息技术,计算机技术相结合的成果[1] 。它构成了人体形态学信息研究的实验平台,为医学,生命科学等的研究和应用提供基础与技术支撑。随着数字化可视人体数据集的建立,计算机模拟人体将为解剖学的教学提供革命性的变化。1　数字化可视人体在我国的研究现状2 0 0 3年2月,随着第三军医大学张绍祥教授完成的我国第一套数字化可视人体数据集通过成果鉴定,从而宣布了这一具有完全自主知识产权的原创性成果。也是国际上继美国之后获得的第二套数…     

首套中国男、女数字化可视人体结构数据的可视化研究

目的 实现首套中国男、女数字化可视人体结构数据的计算机可视化。方法 在获得首套(包括1例男性和1例女性)数字化可视见人体结构数据集(男性为2518个横断面，总数据量为90．648GB；女性为3640个横断面，总数据量为130．04GB后，分别在SGI图像工作站和P4微机上，先对二维图像进行处理，然后经过在每幅图像上预留的定标点进行对位配准。重建时采用了两种方法，一是体绘制(Volume rendering)重建；二是面绘制(Surface rendering)重建。结果 在SGI工作站和微机上分别实现了男、女数字化可视人体的整体和局部可视化。并且，通过革新三维重建和数据处理技术，实现了中国首套数字化人体数据的交互式三维可视化。结论 ①经过可视化研究检验，本研究组采集的首套中国男、女数字化可视人体数据集符合三维可视化的要求。⑧本研究建立起来的中国男、女数字化可视人体数据的交互式三维可视化平台，形成了数字人体解剖学和虚拟外科于术的雏形。③经过数据分割、分类、配准和绘制重建起来的人体器官或局部模型为在计算机卜细致表达人体仝身的复杂结构奠定了基础。     

数字化虚拟人体的科学意义及应用前景

人体信息的数字化是将医学与信息技术、计算机技术、虚拟现实技术相结合的科技前沿性研究课题。许多国家已建立或正在建立虚拟人体模型。这种模型以人体断面连续切片为建模基础,对信息技术发展起来的计算医学加以数字化,定量地模拟人体的生理病理状况,在医学及其他多种学科领域均具有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了:(1)国际上切片建模概况。1994年美国完成的可视人计划数据集,包含男女各1组数据,已为国际上广泛应用开发;韩国于2000年完成了1例韩国男性可视人数据采集工作。(2)美国可视人数据集已在医学教育和临床研究上取得巨大的收益,并提出进一步构建物理人和生理人的思路和实践。(3)人体数字化数据集的科学意义和应用前景。(4)我国于2001年174次香山科学会议揭开了中国数字化虚拟人体研究序幕,解决了关键技术的探索后,已提供了有中国人特色的男性和女性4个数据集的获取工作。     

数字化虚拟人体的科学意义及应用前景

人体信息的数字化是将医学是信息技术，计算机技术、虚拟现实技术相结合的科技前沿性研究课题。许多国家已建立或正在建立虚拟人体模型。这种模型以人体断面连续切片为建模基础，对信息技术发展起来的计算医学加以数字化，定量地模拟人体的生理病理状况，在医学及其他多种学科领域均具有广泛的应用前景。本文介绍了：（1）国际上切片建模概况。1994年美国完成的可视人计划数据集，包含男女各1组数据，已为国际上广泛应用开发，韩国于2000年完成了1例韩国男性可视人人数据采集工作。（2）美国可视人数据集已在医学教育和临床研究上取得巨大的收益,并提出进一步构建物理人和生理人的思路和实践。（3）人体数字化数据集的科学意义和应用前景。（4）我国于2001年174次香山科学会议揭开了中国数字化虚拟人体研究序幕，解决了关键技术的探索后，已提供了有中国人特色的男性和女性4个数据集的获取工作。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.