鄂西山区医学小动物物种多样性和区系研究

综合文献资料,鄂西山区已发现与医学有关的小动物802种,隶属3纲、14目、56科、268属,地理区系应划归东洋界。     

上海市医学贝类物种组成及其分布

目的 目的 调查上海市医学贝类物种多样性及其分布。方法 方法 于2012年8月至2013年10月, 根据水系分布特点, 对上海市嘉定、 青浦、 宝山、 闵行、 松江、 金山、 崇明岛和浦东新区等8个区 （县） 各类生境进行现场抽样调查, 采集医学贝 类标本。所获标本经形态学鉴定分类, 并对物种组成、 生境及区系分布等进行分析。结果 结果 共获得标本5 211只, 经鉴定 隶属于2纲14科18属, 共计25种, 包括湖北钉螺指名亚种、 小管福寿螺、 纹沼螺、 长角涵螺、 尖膀胱螺、 小土蜗和尖口圆扁 螺等。崇明、 金山、 浦东和青浦等区 （县） 物种相对较多, 分别为22、 22、 21种和20种。生境分析显示河流和沼泽地物种分 布最多, 均为14种。区系分析表明上海市医学贝类以广布种和东洋界种类为主。结论 结论 上海市淡水腹足类物种相对匮 乏, 但多可作为中间宿主传播相关寄生虫病, 应加强监测工作。     

淮北地区不同生境中粉螨的生物多样性研究

目的探讨淮北地区不同环境粉螨群落结构。方法选取仓储环境(储藏物和/或地尘)、人居环境(卧室或学生宿舍中的床尘及地尘)和工作环境(纺织厂和/或制药厂工作车间中的地尘)等3类不同环境,采样点各40个,每个采样点各采集样本2份,每份l0g。过筛后留取尘渣,进行粉螨的采集、分类、鉴定及计数以及数据分析。结果3类不同环境共检获粉螨31种,隶属于7科21属,多样性分析结果表明:3类环境的粉螨平均孳生密度最高的是仓储环境,为57.2±6.2%,物种数为24,物种丰富指数为2.42,多样性指数为1.35,均匀度指数为0.97。结论3类不同环境中粉螨的孽十密度及多样性差异较大。     

湖北地区蚊类区系研究

目的研究湖北地区蚊类地理区划,确定湖北蚊类区系属性。方法分析已知蚊类的区系成分,并与邻近江西、湖南、河南地区蚊类区系比较。结果已发现蚊类11属75种,其中属于东洋界为主的52种,占69.3%;属于古北界为主的10种,占13.4%;广布两界13种,占17.3%。结论湖北地区蚊类区系应划归东洋界。     

湖北地区已知恙螨分布及地理区划初探

目的研究湖北地区恙螨分布及地理区划。方法分析已知恙螨分布及区系成分。结果已知恙螨计有14属47种,其中属东洋界种类40种,占85.1%;属古北界种类1种,占2.1%;广布两界种类6种,占12.8%。结论湖北地区已知恙螨区西部山区为东洋界,秦岭以东的中东部地区亦应划归东洋界。     

山东潍坊地区医学贝类种类及分布调查研究北大核心CSCD

目的调查山东潍坊地区医学贝类种类及分布。方法选择山东潍坊地区的潍坊市区、寿光、安丘和昌邑等地,现场采集医学贝类标本,进行形态学鉴定和分类定种。结果共获得标本1 791个,经形态学鉴定,隶属于2纲9科14种,包括重要医学贝类的纹沼螺(Parafossarulus striatulus)383个、长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)34个、小土蜗(Galba pervia)63个、椭圆萝卜螺(Radix swinhoei)137个、耳萝卜螺(R.auricularia)95个、尖膀胱螺(Physa acuta)677个和尖口圆扁螺(Hippeutis cantori)22个。其中纹沼螺和尖膀胱螺为优势物种。结论山东潍坊地区可传播寄生虫的医学贝类种类较多。     

云南省医学革螨区系分布研究

目的 研究云南省医学革螨的区系分布及区系特点.方法 自1990年至2004年对云南省境内25个县(市)小兽体表革螨进行区系调查,调查当晚用鼠笼加食饵诱捕小型哺乳动物(小兽),次晨收集所捕获小兽,从小兽体表检查、采集所有革螨,用霍氏液(Hoyer's solution)封片,制成革螨玻片标本,经干燥透明后于光学显微镜下一一鉴定螨种.结果 共捕获10 803只小兽,经分类鉴定隶属啮齿目、食虫目、攀鼩目、兔形目4目9科29属53种,从各种小兽体表共采集医学革螨68 571只,经分类鉴定隶属10科33属112种,东洋界种类占优势达112种,古北界43种.结论 云南医学革螨区系古北成分和东洋成分互相交融,种类丰富,区系组成复杂多样.不同区系革螨的分布不均衡,物种丰富度最高的地带是横断山中部小区的贡山和丽江地区,海拔在3 000～3 200m之间.     

新疆医学动物信息资料微机管理系统

在调查确定自然疫源性疾病的存在、分布、防治和研究,以及自然资源的开发利用等工作中,都需掌握医学动物、昆虫的种属组成、地理分布及生态学资料。这类资料的收集和整理,国内仍需研究人员查阅大量的文献资料。这样既费时、费力,又易遗漏一些资料,造成资料的不完整。 我们根据医学动物信息资料的特点,采用关系型数据库管理系统dBASEⅢ,设计研制了新疆医学动物信息资料微机管理系统-YXDWGT。现将研制结果报道如F: 一、系统运行环境 本系统适用于IBM-PC/XT及其兼容机上运行,需配置10兆硬盘,640K内存,11行显示器和宽行打印机。该管理系统是在汉字操作系统CCBIOS2.13H支持下,采用汉化关系型数据库管理系统dBASEⅢ,建立资料数据库,设计编写管理系统功能运行程序。     

福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的物种多样性调查

目的 调查福建省部分地区野栖鼠体表寄生恙螨的分布情况及物种多样性,为恙虫病防制提供参考依据.方法 笼日法捕鼠,检获鼠体恙螨,对其鉴定、计数.用带螨率、带螨指数及优势种反映恙螨的种群构成及密度;采用丰富度、Shan-non-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数及Simpson优势度指数分析恙螨的物种多样性.结果...     

Anti-malarial efficacy of pyronaridine and artesunate in combination in vitro and in vivo

Pyronaridine is a Mannich base anti-malarial with demonstrated efficacy against drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. However, resistance to pyronaridine can develop quickly when it is used alone but can be considerably delayed when it is administered with artesunate in rodent malaria models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pyronaridine in combination with artesunate against P. falciparum in vitro and in rodent malaria models in vivo to support its clinical application. Pyronaridine showed consistently high levels of in vitro activity against a panel of six P. falciparum drug-sensitive and resistant strains (Geometric Mean IC50=2.24 nM, 95% CI=1.20-3.27). In vitro interactions between pyronaridine and artesunate showed a slight antagonistic trend, but in vivo compared to pyronaridine and artesunate administered alone, the 3:1 ratio of the combination, reduced the ED90 of artesunate by approximately 15.6-fold in a pyronaridine-resistant P. berghei line and by approximately 200-fold in an artesunate-resistant line of P. berghei. Complete cure rates were achieved with doses of the combination above or equal to 8 mg/kg per day against P. chabaudi AS. These results indicate that the combination had an enhanced effect over monotherapy and lower daily doses of artesunate could be used to obtain a curative effect. The data suggest that the combination of pyronaridine and artesunate should have potential in areas of multi-drug resistant malaria.     

我国高血压防治现状和策略

<正>我国现患高血压2亿人,由于人群高血压患病率的不断升高和防控力度不够,我国高血压人群的知晓率、治疗率、控制率仍处于较低水平。对于像高血压这样的群体性慢性病,应当采取全人     

Cooperation of B- and T-lymphocytes of the human in vitro and in vivo

It is reported on the experimental proofs for the existence of a cooperation of different populations of lymphocytes in man. Regulatory lymphocytes play a part in the regulation of the synthesis of immunoglobulins by polyclonally stimulated B-lymphocytes, in the generation of killer-T-cells and in the regulation of the DNA-synthesis by mitogenically stimulated T- and B-cells. Typical helper- and suppressor-effects may be proved. Disturbances of lymphocytic interactions may be a cause for the development of immune deficiency diseases. It is very probable that also in several chronic infections a dysfunction of regulatory T-lymphocytes is present.     

Modulation of enterotoxin binding and function in vitro and in vivo

The use of the nontoxic B subunits of cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins in vitro and in vivo led to a decrease in toxin binding to target cells and a decrease in toxin-induced effects (i.e., morphological effects, adenylate cyclase activation, and fluid secretion). The reduction in toxin binding involves a process of down-regulation of cellular receptors for the toxin and not toxin occupancy of receptors. The extent of inhibition was dependent on the amount of B subunit used and on the duration of time after its use. Thus, in vivo exposure to a single bolus of B subunit was sufficient to block toxin binding and activity for up to 18 h. Because the B subunit binds extensively to the esophagus and the stomach, peroral administration will require a preparation that allows the subunit to reach the small bowel in a protected form. Our data provide a rationale for using B subunit therapy for short-term protection against the effects of enterotoxins, before the development of an immune response.     

Uptake of labeled alloxan in mouse organs and mitochondria in vivo and in vitro

[14C]2-Alloxan was administered in vivo and in vitro for study of the uptake of alloxan in different organs and their mitochondia of mice. After in vivo administration, radioactivity was demonstrated in all organs investigated, with quantitative differences: endocrine pancreas greater than liver greater than exocrine pancreas and heart. No significant difference was found between the iv and ip routes of injection. An in vivo uptake of alloxan was also found in mitochondria, with significant quantitative differences as to the origin of the organelles: endocrine pancreas greater than liver greater than exocrine pancreas and heart. Pretreatment with D-glucose caused significantly decreased uptake in liver, exocrine pancreas, and heart, but significantly increased uptake in endocrine pancreas, whereas the uptake was significantly decreased in the mitochondria from all of these organs. In vitro uptake was observed in all kinds of mitochondria studied. This uptake was higher than the in vivo uptake in mitochondria from liver, exocrine pancreas, and heart, whereas the uptake in vivo was higher than the in vitro uptake in islet mitochondria. The presence of D-glucose did not affect the in vitro uptake of alloxan in mitochondria. The findings show that in vivo, alloxan passes across plasma membranes and is taken up by mitochondria, and data obtained with mitochondrial subfractions may also indicate a passage across mitochondrial membranes. D-Glucose protection against alloxan diabetogenicity may be associated with prevention of mitochondrial uptake of alloxan. This prevention seems to be dependent on the metabolism of glucose.