肝内胆管结石肝部分切除术后复发的探讨

目的：探讨肝内胆管结石肝部分切除术后复发的原因。方法：回顾分析近五年间因肝部分切除术后复发再次手术的肝内胆管结石病例，按原结石类型，所在肝叶／段，手术方式，发病时间和复发时间，分析其临床疗效，复发原因。结果：近五年因肝内胆管结石肝部分切除术后复发再次手术病例10例，男4例，女6例，年龄34－68岁，结石类型均为胆红素结石；病变部位，右肝后叶2例，左肝叶5例，全肝均累及3例，发现蛔虫6例，病理检查均提示病为胆管囊状扩张及慢性炎，间质小血管及纤维组织增生。发病时间4－5年，复发时间分别为2，4，5，6年；患者均来自低收入家庭，术后均无进行定期随诊，无进行驱蛔治疗及系统的利胆排石治疗。结论：肝胆管结石病行肝部分切除术，是目前公认的能有效提高肝内胆管结石的远期治疗效果的外科治疗手段，能达到解除肝管梗阻，切除狭窄肝胆管和去除化脓性感染病灶的目的：但病程长，胆管炎反复发作，全肝多处肝叶或肝段胆管存在狭窄，且缺乏最高的定位诊断（如术中B超），令病灶难以彻底切除是影响远期疗效的主要原因；此外，术后无进行驱蛔虫治疗，服用利胆排石药物，改变饮食习惯是结石复发的影响因素。     

肝叶切除治疗原发性肝内胆管结石

目的了解肝叶切除治疗原发性肝内胆管结石的效果。方法回顾性分析6年来对52例肝内胆管结石行肝叶切除联合其它术式的治疗效果。结果右半肝切除术2例,右后叶切除术2例,非规则性右肝部分切除术9例,左半肝切除术13例,左外叶切除术26例。术后残石发生7例,经胆道镜取净5例。结论肝叶切除治疗原发性肝内胆管结石是目前较理想的有效的手术方式。     

肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石45例分析

目的：探讨左肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法：回顾性分析近5年来以左肝外叶切除术为主治疗45例肝内胆管结石的手术方式，手术后并发症及结石残留，复发等情况，并进行跟踪随访，结果：术后并发症7例，占15．6％。经治痊愈。病理提示左肝内胆管癌1例，术后经T管造影肝内外残留结石4例，均用纤维胆道镜经T管窦道取净结石，随访0．5－5年，结石复发的5例，总的治疗效果89％，结论：病变肝叶切除，肝内胆管狭窄切开成形，胆肠内引流效果较好，术中配合胆道造影及纤维胆道镜取石，可免除残留结石。     

肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石86例分析

目的 研究和总结肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石的意义及治疗效果。方法 对本院10a来86例肝内胆管结石患者根据不同病变行肝叶切除治疗进行总结分析。结果 86例肝内胆管结石患者，行肝叶切除后，其中完全恢复正常生活和劳动能力者65例（75．5％）：偶有上腹部不适，但不妨碍正常生活和劳动者16例（18．6％），总有效率94．1％：结石复发8例（9．3％）：其中经旷置盲袢胆道镜取石3例，再手术3例，保守治疗2例。结论 正确的肝叶、段切除既能去除胆管狭窄、结石、毁损的肝组织，甚至肝脓肿，又能去除胆管癌的好发部位，或早期胆管癌。研究结果提示，行肝叶切除病例并不增加手术的并发症，还能简化手术、降低术后残石及结石复发。研究结果表明：肝段叶切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石病最有效方法。     

肝切除联合纤维胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石48例

目的探讨肝内胆管结石的手术治疗。方法回顾性分析肝切除并联合术中及术后纤维胆道镜治疗48例肝内胆管结石患者的临床资料。结果 48例患者均行相应的肝部分切除和术中或术后1次至数次纤维胆道镜取石。术后残余结石率10.4%（5/48）,治愈率为89.5%（43/48）,再次肝切除率2%（1/48）,无手术死亡。结论肝部分切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石的重要手段,联合术中及术后胆道镜取石可以明显降低术后残石率及再次肝切除手术率,提高手术疗效。     

肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石46例分析

目的分析肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析本院1999～2010年采用肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石46例患者的临床资料及随访情况。结果 44例为肝左外叶结石,实行左肝外侧叶切除+胆总管切开取石、T管引流术或胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术;2例为肝左内叶结石,实行左半肝切除+胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。无手术死亡病例,无结石残留病例,无再次手术病例,术后随访1～5年,复发率为2%。结论肝切除术治疗左肝内胆管结石安全性高、疗效理想,可作为左肝内胆管结石的首选治疗方式。     

精准肝切除治疗肝内胆管结石临床研究

目的 评估精准肝脏切除技术在肝内胆管结石治疗中的应用及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析采用精准肝脏切除技术治疗的肝内胆管结石患者37例的临床资料,总结患者石分布、手术方式、术后并发症发生情况及手术效果.结果 37 例肝内胆管结石患者,再次手术患者6例,初次手术患者31例,其中左肝内胆管结石6例,右肝内胆管结石13例,左右半肝均有结石分布者18例.均按结石分布肝叶或肝段行精准肝脏切除手术,其中16例附加胆总管切开取石T管引流术,手术均成功,无手术死亡病例,术后无肝内胆管结石残留,无严重并发症发生,术后随访1~3年,复发4例.结论 采用精准肝切除治疗肝内胆管结石手术安全,能够减少结石残留,降低复发率,具有较好的临床效果.     

肝叶切除术在肝内胆管结石治疗上的应用体会

目的：总结肝叶切除手术治疗肝内胆管结石的相关临床经验,为肝内胆管结石的治疗提供临床参考依据。方法：以2012年1月至2014年1月期间我院接受治疗的18例肝内胆管结石患者为研究对象,所有患者均行肝叶切除手术,观察分析其临床诊疗效果和随访结果。结果：①术后切口感染率为22．22％,胆瘘感染率为16．66％,肝断面局部积液发生率16．66％,术后胆道出血率为5．55％,上述患者及其它无并发症患者均于（14．2±2．4）天后痊愈出院。②患者均接受为期1年的跟踪随访,结石残留率为11．11％,行排石治疗后痊愈,疾病复发率为16．66％,另3例合并肝内胆管腺癌的肝内胆管结石患者目前生存状态尚好。结论：肝叶切除术在肝内胆管结石治疗上的应用,安全有效,但是因肝内胆管结石病症的复杂性,术后并发症发生率较高,也存在复发风险,故而,单行该项手术虽为目前治疗肝内胆管结石的主要术式之一,但是仍不可忽视其它治疗方法的研究和探讨。     

肝部分节除治疗肝内胆管结石

目的：探讨肝部分切除治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法：收集总结我院1996年12月－1999年12月期间手术治疗肝内胆管结石病人44例，分析手术适应证，手术方式，残留结石处理等。结果：44例病人，全部治愈，术后残留结石3例，经T管窦道胆道镜取石，2例取净肝内残石；41例得到随访，远期疗效优良达92．7％。结论：肝内胆管结石是外科治疗的一个难题，肝叶切除是治疗肝内胆管结石的最佳方法，术中、术后配合胆道镜取石可降低肝胆管残石率。     

肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的：探讨肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的效果。方法：对96例肝内胆管结石行肝切除病例的诊断与治疗进行回顾性分析。结果：肝内胆管结石以左肝叶为主，肝切除以左肝外叶为主。合并肝内胆管癌4例，术后残余结石率为23．8％，并发症发生率为22．9％，本组病例治疗效果良好。结论：肝切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石的重要治疗手段，特别是左肝结石。术后胆道冲洗和胆道镜取石是处理胆道内残余结石的有效措施。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.