风湿性疾病常用自身抗体检查及意义

风湿性疾病常用自身抗体检查及意义同济医科大学附属同济医院风湿科何培根因免疫紊乱而造成的风湿性疾病，既往称为结缔组织病，可出现多种自身抗体，检测这些自身抗体对了解疾病发病机制、诊断、判断活动性及予后均有重要意义。随着测定自身抗体的方法学改进，这一类检查...     

系统性红斑狼疮自身抗体检查

系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种多器官、多系统损害,具有以抗核抗体为主的大量自身抗体为特征的自身免疫性疾病.因此,敏感且特异地检测SLE患者血清中的自身抗体已构成临床医学实践中重要一环.     

自身抗体与胰腺癌相关性的检测与分析

目的 了解胰腺癌患者体内自身抗体阳性率、细胞内定位及荧光模式特点,初步确定自身抗体靶抗原,分析自身抗体与胰腺癌的相关性,探索自身抗体作为肿瘤标志物的可能性。方法 应用间接免疫荧光法(indirected immunofluorescence,IIF)检测55份胰腺癌以及60份不同年龄段正常人血清中自身抗体。提取人喉癌上皮细胞(Hep-2)蛋白抗原,采用蛋白质印迹法,对55份胰腺癌患者及52份正常人血清进行分析。结果 55份经IIF检查的胰腺癌患者中,32份(58.18％)自身抗体阳性,显著高于正常对照组26.67％(l6/60)的检出率(P相似文献   

自身免疫性肝炎中的自身抗体及自身抗原

自身免疫性肝炎 (ＡＩＨ)是一组不明原因、具有相似临床表现的慢性免疫性肝病 ,以免疫学指标如高丙种球蛋白和自身抗体为特征。同时 ,它亦是一些激发因子、自身抗原、遗传倾向和免疫调节网络之间错综复杂的相互作用而打破自身耐受 ,由自身免疫反应导致的持续性肝细胞损害的结果。自 195 0年Ｗａｌｄｅｎｓｔｒｏｍ首次报道ＡＩＨ以来 ,根据血清自身抗体谱把ＡＩＨ分成 3个血清学亚型 :Ⅰ型ＡＩＨ ,抗核抗体 (ＡＮＡ )或 (和 )抗平滑肌抗体 (ＳＭＡ)阳性 ;Ⅱ型ＡＩＨ ,抗肝肾微粒体 (ＬＫＭ )Ⅰ型抗体阳性 ;Ⅲ型ＡＩＨ ,抗可溶性肝抗原 /肝胰…     

乙型肝炎的自身抗体检测分析及临床意义

目的：检测乙型肝炎自身抗体的阳性率,探讨乙型肝炎自身抗体存在的临床意义。方法：分别采用间接免疫荧光法（IIF）和免疫印迹法（Western-blot）检测453例乙型肝炎、162例自身免疫性肝炎（AIH）和96例正常人抗核抗体（ANA）的阳性率、ANA阳性滴度、核型和抗双链DNA抗体（dsDNA）的阳性率以及肝炎相关自身抗体：抗平滑肌抗体（SMA）、抗肝肾微粒体抗体（LKM）的阳性率。应用酶法检测患者的ALT和AST,实时荧光定量PCR技术检测HBV DNA。结果：①乙肝组ANA的阳性率为22．7％,ANA以低滴度（1：100）为主,仅3例乙肝后肝硬化的滴度为1：320;ANA核型以均质型为主,仅5例为斑点型,显著低于AIH组（P〈0．01）。其中急性乙肝、慢性乙肝、重症乙肝和乙肝后肝硬化ANA的阳性率分别为5．2％、22．8％、24．2％和37．9％,慢性乙肝、重症乙肝和乙肝后肝硬化患者ANA的阳性率显著高于急性乙肝（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,乙肝后肝硬化组明显高于乙肝炎组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。②ANA阳性乙肝患者伴有dsDNA抗体,用Western-blot法检测dsDNA的阳性率为10．34％,显著高于ANA阴性的乙肝患者（P〈0．05）,乙肝组如DNA的阳性率为2．42％与AIH组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。③乙型肝炎存在SMA和LKM,但仅有较低的阳性率分别为4．63％和3．31％,显著低于AIH组（P〈0．01）。④乙型肝炎ANA阳性组的ALT、AST水平和HBVDNA阳性率显著高于ANA阴性组（P〈0．05）;乙肝组ALT、AST水平和HBVDNA阳性率显著高于AIH组（P〈0．01）。结论：HBV感染不仅引起肝组织损害,还诱导产生多种以低滴度为主的自身抗体。自身抗体的产生与肝损伤程度有一定相关性,并与HBV复制水平相关;其在探讨乙肝发生、发展机制和病因研究中有一定的意义。     

红细胞同种抗体和自身抗体特点及临床应用分析

人类红细胞膜表面存在大量复杂的抗原成分,由于多次输血、妊娠或组织器官移植等异体抗原刺激下产生不规则抗体,是引起溶血性输血反应的主要原因之一.不规则抗体在中国人群中的检出率为0.2％[1],输血是临床治疗患者的重要措施,患者输入红细胞后,其免疫系统可对外源性红细胞抗原发生免疫反应、产生同种抗体,因此,输血前对患者进行AB...     

自身抗体检测的质控势在必行

众所周知，自身抗体的检测对风湿免疫性疾病的诊断有重要意义，其中某些抗体还同疾病活动性相关，因此可指导临床用药和评估疾病的预后。如对发热患者，若血清中检测出高滴度的抗核抗体(ANA)，则应高度疑似弥漫性结缔组织病。多年来的临床实践表明，ANA中的抗Sm、抗Scl-70和抗Jo-1抗体可分别视为系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus，SLE)、     

原发性肝癌中自身抗体的检测

我们对ＰＨＣ中自身抗体进行了研究,现报道如下。 一、资料与方法 １．标本来源：经Ｂ超、ＣＴ、ＡＦＰ及病理诊断确诊的ＰＨＣ患者１３９例,男１２３人,女１６人,年龄２５－７６岁（平均４８岁）;献血员血浆来于上海市中心血站。 ２．抗原、抗体检测：ＨＢＶ抗原、抗体检测采用ＥＩＡ法,试剂盒购自上海华泰生物技术公司;抗一ＨＣＶ—ＩｇＧ试剂盒为上海长征公司产品,按试剂盒说明书操作。 ３．抗核抗体检测：间接荧光自身抗体检测试剂盒为德国Ｅｕｒｏｉｍｍｕｎ公司产品（Ｓｔｏｅｃｋｅｒ博士惠赠）。生物薄片由人Ｈｅｐ－２上皮…     

丙型肝炎患者自身抗体检测及临床意义

用间接免疫荧光法，检测了资料较全的７５例丙型肝炎（丙肝）患者血清中的四种自身抗体：抗核抗体（ＡＮＡ）、抗肝细胞膜抗体（ＨＭＡ）、抗平滑肌抗体（ＳＭＡ）及抗线粒体抗体（ＡＭＡ）。结果表明，丙肝病人血清中的四种自身抗体阳性率明显高于甲肝组与正常组。ＡＮＡ、ＨＭＡ、ＳＭＡ在各种丙肝患者血清中的阳性率相差显著，急黄肝的自身抗体阳性率与其它型丙肝相比较低。２５例丙肝患者治疗前后的自身抗体阳性率变化明显。这对临床的诊断治疗及预后判断有一定的参考价值。     

糖尿病患者自身抗体检测的进展及临床应用

1型糖尿病是一种免疫介导的疾病。患者血清中可检测到针对胰岛β细胞的自身抗体，是存在免疫损害的用力佐证。虽然在过去的数十年中，人们在患者血清中发现了多种自身抗体，但目前认为主要以胰岛细胞抗体(ICA)、谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GADA)、胰岛素自身抗体(IAA)、以及蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体(IA-2A)等四种抗体的临床意义较大。本文复习了近年文献报道的一些结果。     

Rapid detection of six common Mediterranean and three non-Mediterranean alpha-thalassemia point mutations by reverse dot blot analysis

We describe the implementation of reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization as a rapid nonradioactive method for the identification of six frequent globin gene point mutations in the Mediterranean population: alpha(Hph)alpha: alpha2 IVS I donor site GGTGAGG --> GG-----; alpha(NcoI)alpha: alpha2 initiation codon ATG --> ACG; alpha(TSaudi)alpha: alpha2Poly A signal AATAA --> AATAAG; alpha(Icaria)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> AAA (Ter --> LYS); alpha(CS)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> CAA (Ter --> gly); alphaalpha(NcoI): alpha1 initiation codon ATG --> GTG; and three alpha2 globin gene point mutations found in immigrants in Italy: alpha(T-Quongsze)alpha: alpha2 codon 12 CTG --> CCG (Leu --> Pro); alpha(Seal Rock)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> GAA (TER --> GLU); and alpha(Koyadora)alpha: alpha2 termination codon TAA --> TCA (TER --> SER). The method uses the principle of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization, but it is a nonradioactive method and permits rapid and simultaneous typing of point mutations and small deletions.     

儿童及青少年胸痛的常见原因临床分析

目的:探讨并分析引起儿童及青少年胸痛的常见原因。方法:2018年9月至2018年12月,在北京安贞医院小儿心脏内科以胸痛为主诉就诊的67例患儿,其中男性35例(52.2%),女性32例(47.8%),年龄4.33～17岁,平均(11.52±3.43)岁。所有患儿均通过详细的评估流程进行评估,明确引起患儿胸痛的原因。结果:67例以胸痛为主诉就诊的患儿通过详细的胸痛评估流程进行评估,4例(6.0%)存在心脏结构异常,4例(6.0%)存在心肌损害,59例(88.1%)为非器质性疾病,随访发现,考虑为非器质性疾病患者通过改变生活方式后胸痛症状均明显好转。结论:引起儿童胸痛的病因多数为非器质性疾病,通过改变生活方式可明显缓解患儿胸痛症状。     

肝功能生化指标对常用肿瘤标志物检测的影响

目的:探讨肝脏代谢对常用肿瘤标志物检测结果的影响.方法:回顾我院2004-01/2005-03收治入院诊断明确且具有完整肿瘤标志物(AFP、CEA和CA19-9)和肝功能各生化指标患者845例,分为普通疾病组、良性肝胆胰疾病组和恶性肿瘤组,对不同组别的肿瘤标志物与肝功能生化指标进行分析.结果:恶性肿瘤和普通疾病组中肝功能异常者的AFP高于肝功能正常者(z=-3.917,2.252;P＜0.01或0.05).在普通疾病组中AFP与TBIL、DBIL、γ-GT存在正相关(r=0.082,0.133,0.190;P＜0.01或0.05).在三组不同疾病组中肝功能正常与异常者的CEA未发现有差异.普通疾病组中CEA与γ-GT、ALP存在正相关性(r=0.171,0.139;均P＜0.01).恶性肿瘤组中肝功能异常者的CA19-9高于正常者(z=-1.973,P＜0.05).三组不同疾病中CA19-9与多种肝功能指标存在正相关.结论:胆道梗阻对CA19-9测定值有明显影响;低水平AFP与γ-GT有一定关系;而CEA则与肝功能无明确关系.     

重视对结核分支杆菌L型的研究与检测

结核病细菌学常规检验方法检查的阳性率低。我国肺结核病痰标本涂片镜检的总体阳性率在3 0 %左右 ,培养检查法大体相当 (或略高 )还有 70 %左右是菌阴病例。而肺外结核则更低。这在实践中可能存在着假阴性 ,有时造成结核病诊断与鉴别诊断的困难 ,甚或漏诊与误诊。究其原因 ,一是传统的细菌学检验方法 ,尤其涂片镜检的敏感性低 ,一般痰标本每毫升含 5× 1 0 3 或以上抗酸杆菌才能被检测出 ,实际上有部分标本因检测方法敏感性问题造成假阴性 ;二是经培养证实确实存在着结核分支杆菌Ｌ型 ,在菌阴肺结核病标本中 ,结核分支杆菌Ｌ型阳性率约为 2 …     

临床常见革兰阴性细菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解院内革兰阴性细菌的分布及耐药性特点。方法收集本院2004年7月～2006年7月各类临床标本分离出的革兰阴性细菌，采用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法进行药敏试验，分析其临床分布及耐药性。结果共分离出1271株革兰阴性细菌，以大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和铜绿假单胞菌为主要病原菌，标本主要分布于痰、咽拭子和尿液中，病区主要集中于ICU室、神经外科和肺科。超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）在大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和变形杆菌属的检出率分别为38．4％、31．7％和25．5％。亚胺培南和美罗培南对肠杆菌科细菌、产ESBLs菌株和不动杆菌属的抗菌活性最强，耐药率为0-5．6％，铜绿假单胞菌对两药的耐药率为29．8％和27．2％；嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对两药物高度耐受，耐药率均为95．7％，但对环丙沙星、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦和替卡西林／克拉维酸较敏感。结论大肠埃希菌、克雷伯菌属和铜绿假单胞菌为本院最常见革兰阴性细菌，亚胺培南和美罗培南对除嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌外的其他革兰阴性细菌具有较好的抗菌活性，其他抗菌药物的抗菌活性相对较低。     

Ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection in common fluids

Detecting target analytes with high specificity and sensitivity in any fluid is of fundamental importance to analytical science and technology. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has proven to be capable of detecting single molecules with high specificity, but achieving single-molecule sensitivity in any highly diluted solutions remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a universal platform that allows for the enrichment and delivery of analytes into the SERS-sensitive sites in both aqueous and nonaqueous fluids, and its subsequent quantitative detection of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) down to ∼75 fM level (10⁻¹⁵ mol⋅L⁻¹). Our platform, termed slippery liquid-infused porous surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SLIPSERS), is based on a slippery, omniphobic substrate that enables the complete concentration of analytes and SERS substrates (e.g., Au nanoparticles) within an evaporating liquid droplet. Combining our SLIPSERS platform with a SERS mapping technique, we have systematically quantified the probability, p(c), of detecting R6G molecules at concentrations c ranging from 750 fM (p > 90%) down to 75 aM (10⁻¹⁸ mol⋅L⁻¹) levels (p ≤ 1.4%). The ability to detect analytes down to attomolar level is the lowest limit of detection for any SERS-based detection reported thus far. We have shown that analytes present in liquid, solid, or air phases can be extracted using a suitable liquid solvent and subsequently detected through SLIPSERS. Based on this platform, we have further demonstrated ultrasensitive detection of chemical and biological molecules as well as environmental contaminants within a broad range of common fluids for potential applications related to analytical chemistry, molecular diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and national security.Ultrasensitive detection of chemicals and biological species is important in a broad range of scientific and technological fields ranging from analytical chemistry, materials, and biomolecular diagnostics (1–5) to the inspection of pollutants, explosives, and pharmaceutical drugs (6–8). Among various analytical techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is among the most promising methods in detecting trace amounts of molecules owing to its high molecular specificity (i.e., differentiation between different types of molecules) and high sensitivity (i.e., the lowest analyte concentration from which SERS signals are distinguishable from the noise signal of a control sample) (9–17). Extensive studies have focused on the structural optimization of the SERS substrate to improve SERS sensitivity (18–22), but there are two important roadblocks that limit its practical applications. First, SERS detection in liquid media relies on highly statistical binding of analytes to the SERS-sensitive regions (or “hot spots”), a consequence of the diffusive nature of the analytes (23–27). Therefore, it is extremely challenging to achieve single-molecule detection of any SERS-active analytes in highly diluted solutions (i.e., below femtomolar concentrations). Second, many real-life analytes such as environmental contaminants and explosives may be dispersed in liquid or gas phases or may be bound to solid substrates (e.g., soil), which may require the use of nonaqueous solvents for extraction. Various approaches have been explored to improve SERS sensitivity in aqueous solvents (16, 28, 29). Among them, using superhydrophobic surfaces to overcome the “diffusion limit” of analytes in highly diluted aqueous solutions is the most successful technique (16). However, there are still no effective ways to achieve high SERS sensitivity at femtomolar concentrations or below in nonaqueous solvents. The ability to detect analytes in both aqueous and nonaqueous fluids at subfemtomolar levels using SERS would lead to many important real-world applications.Here, we report a SERS platform based on pitcher plant-inspired slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) (30), which provides a nearly pinning-free substrate for enriching and delivering analytes into a specific SERS detection area in both aqueous and, most importantly, nonaqueous liquids (Fig. 1A). A liquid droplet is nearly pinning-free when its contact line at the solid–liquid–air interface experiences small resistance to movement on a substrate. SLIPS consists of a film of lubricating fluid locked in place by a micro/nanoporous substrate, creating a smooth and stable interface that nearly eliminates pinning of the liquid contact line. Specifically, a recent study has shown that liquid pinning force on SLIPS for a low-surface-tension fluid (e.g., pentane) is an order of magnitude lower than state-of-the-art superhydrophobic surfaces (30). Based on this slippery surface, we can incorporate any SERS substrates in the form of metallic nanoparticles into either aqueous or nonaqueous fluids or their mixtures for subsequent analyte detection. This sensing platform, termed “slippery liquid-infused porous surface-enhanced Raman scattering” (SLIPSERS), is capable of ultrasensitive detection in most commonly used aqueous and nonaqueous solvents at concentrations as low as the attomolar level. Based on this platform, we have demonstrated multiphase and multiplex ultrasensitive detection of biological molecules and environmental contaminants, as well as the detection of airborne chemical molecules and soil contaminants extracted by various solvents.Open in a separate windowFig. 1.Concept of SLIPSERS. (A) Schematic illustration showing the concept of SLIPSERS. Any analyte can be enriched to form a small aggregate, regardless of its interactions with the Au nanoparticles, facilitating subsequent SERS detections. (B) Visualization of the analyte enrichment process on SLIPS using luminescent PS spheres dispersed in ethanol. (Inset) Optical image of the enriched PS sphere aggregate.     

The blinking spotlight of attention

Increasing evidence suggests that attention can concurrently select multiple locations; yet it is not clear whether this ability relies on continuous allocation of attention to the different targets (a "parallel" strategy) or whether attention switches rapidly between the targets (a periodic "sampling" strategy). Here, we propose a method to distinguish between these two alternatives. The human psychometric function for detection of a single target as a function of its duration can be used to predict the corresponding function for two or more attended targets. Importantly, the predicted curves differ, depending on whether a parallel or sampling strategy is assumed. For a challenging detection task, we found that human performance was best reflected by a sampling model, indicating that multiple items of interest were processed in series at a rate of approximately seven items per second. Surprisingly, the data suggested that attention operated in this periodic regime, even when it was focused on a single target. That is, attention might rely on an intrinsically periodic process.     

Rapid and inexpensive detection of common HBB gene mutations in Tunisian population by high-resolution melting analysis: Implication for molecular diagnosis

In Tunisia, β-thalassemia is a common hereditary disease with a carrying rate of 2.21%. Up to now, detection of responsible mutations was made by laborious, expensive, and/or time consuming methods. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a specific assay for detection of the two most frequent mutations in Tunisian population, the IVS-I-110 (G → A) and Cd39 (C → T) mutations. In this study, we optimize high resolution melting analysis (HRMA) conditions for these mutations, using control DNAs. Then, we evaluate the strength of this methodology by screening a cohort of patients with β-thalassemia. All examined reference DNA samples were unambiguously distinguished from each other. For the blinded test, the results were completely compatible with direct sequencing, performed after the HRMA. As HRMA represents a highly sensitive and high-throughput gene scanning method, it can provide timely diagnosis at low cost for effective clinical management of β-thalassemia.