老年人垂体腺瘤的微创手术

垂体腺瘤是常见的颅内良性肿瘤 ,发病率约十万分之一 ,占颅内肿瘤的 10 %。我院收治的垂体腺瘤占颅内肿瘤的 19 8% [1] 。近 2 0年来本科室经蝶微创手术切除垂体腺瘤 3375例 ,老年病人占 9 2 % ,国内外资料老年患者占 5 %～ 18% [2 ,3] 。1　老年垂体腺瘤的特点1 1　类型　根据我院 10年来收集的 190例老年垂体腺瘤 ,无分泌型腺瘤占 5 3 7% ,多激素腺瘤占2 1 1% ,泌乳素 (PRL)腺瘤和生长激素 (GH)腺瘤各占 11 6 % ,其他类型的肿瘤很少 ,无 1例为促甲状腺激素 (TSH)腺瘤和促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)腺瘤。这个比例和大宗资料或年轻病人的构…     

老年垂体腺瘤的微侵袭治疗

目的 探讨老年垂体腺瘤患者行经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析21例行经蝶手术治疗的老年垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料.结果 经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术后,71.4％的头痛患者及70％视力改变的患者症状得到明显改善,1例患者围术期死亡.在随访的18例患者中,有14例行MRI检查未见肿瘤复发,1例术后泌乳素增高,口服溴隐亭治疗.术后均无严重近期及远期并发症.结论 在充分的术前准备、精细的手术操作及良好的围术期管理情况下,经蝶垂体腺瘤切除术安全有效,可作为老年垂体腺瘤患者的首选治疗方式.     

老年垂体腺瘤的经蝶显微手术治疗

目的：对22例老年人垂体腺瘤的经蝶显微手术治疗,探讨老年性垂体腺瘤的临床特点及治疗原则,方法：本组老年人垂体腺瘤均经血清激素检查,CT或MRI扫描确诊,采用经蝶显微手术治疗,术后治疗特别注意水和电解质的平衡,结果：无分泌功能腺瘤17例,肿瘤全切12例,次全切7例,大部分切除3例,无手术死亡,无并发症死亡。在平均3．1年随访中,20例恢复良好,2例症状复发,结论：老年性垂体腺瘤绝大部分为无功能性,经蝶入路显微手术切除是一种安全,有效的方法,但要注意手术适应症的选择和术后体液,电解质平衡。     

经鼻蝶窦入路显微手术治疗垂体腺瘤

目的 探讨经鼻蝶窦入路切除垂体腺瘤的显微手术治疗及术后处理.方法 回顾性分析经单鼻孔蝶窦入路显微手术切除的38例垂体微腺瘤患者的临床资料.38例垂体腺瘤中泌乳素( PRL)腺瘤18例,生长激素(GH)腺瘤12 例,促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)腺瘤5例, 无分泌功能腺瘤3例.结果 肿瘤全切33例, 次全切5例;术后复查激素水平,降至正常26例, 下降大于50%的4例, 8例变化不明显.结论 单鼻孔经蝶入路显微手术切除垂体腺瘤是一种安全、有效的方法.     

老年人垂体腺瘤19例诊疗经验

我院自 1990年 4月至 2 0 0 1年 12月收治 6 0岁以上老年人垂体腺瘤 19例 ,报道如下。　　一、对象与方法　　 1.一般资料 :19例中 ,男性 13例 ,女性 6例 ,男女之比为 2 2∶1 0 ;年龄 6 0～ 72岁 ,平均 (6 0± 3 4)岁 ,病程 1ｄ(瘤卒中 )至 4年 ,平均 1 3年。　　 2 .临床表现 :视力障碍为首发症状者 15例 ,2 1只眼视力低于 1 0 ,完全失明 2只眼 ,仅有光感 2只眼 ,近距离可分清手指数 1只眼。视野缺损 13例 ,其中单眼颞侧偏盲 1例 ,双颞侧偏盲 11例 ,单侧管状视野 1例。 1例仅有头晕症状 ,查体中被发现。垂体功能低下 (阴毛脱落、嗜睡、性…     

经蝶手术治疗大型及巨型垂体腺瘤140例临床观察

目的观察经蝶手术治疗大型、巨型垂体腺瘤的临床疗效。方法大型、巨型垂体腺瘤患者140例。采用（左）鼻中隔切口,切开鼻前庭小柱,经鼻中隔—蝶窦中线处凿开鞍底,切除肿瘤。结果 140例肿瘤行包膜内全切除48例,其余行次全切除或大部分切除。术后症状立即改善者122例,并发暂时性尿崩症20例、脑脊液（CSF）鼻漏18例、颅内感染5例、垂体功能低下1例。结论对于大型和巨型垂体腺瘤,经蝶手术治疗可获良好效果。     

巨大垂体腺瘤的显微手术治疗

为提高巨大垂体腺瘤显微手术的疗效 ,回顾性分析 5 6例巨大垂体腺瘤患者的临床资料及治疗方法。依据肿瘤的生长方向及部位将 5 6例分为四型 ,据此分别采用经蝶、经额下、额下经蝶、扩大经蝶、扩大额下硬膜外、额下 -翼点等 10种入路进行显微手术。5 6例巨大垂体腺瘤全切 2 9例 ,近全切 2 0例 ,大部切除 7例。无死亡者。提示依据巨大垂体腺瘤的不同位置及生长方向选择适当的手术入路是提高全切率、降低死亡率及复发率的重要手段     

巨大垂体腺瘤的外科治疗

近２０年来，随着显微手术技术的开展，垂体腺瘤的诊疗取得较大进展，手术治疗已越来越安全、有效。但巨型垂体腺瘤（尤其是侵袭性垂体腺瘤）的治疗仍为神经外科的一大难题。现就垂体巨腺瘤的外科治疗进行讨论。１　分类及特点垂体瘤的分型及分级对于术式选择及预后估计极为重要。以往依光学显微镜下所示将垂体腺瘤分为嫌色、嗜酸性、嗜碱性、混合性；目前依电镜细胞免疫化学技术及放射免疫技术，将垂体腺瘤分为功能性和非功能性腺瘤，前者包括生长激素（ＧＨ）性、泌乳素（ＰＲＬ）性、促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）性、促甲状腺激素（ＴＳ…     

老年垂体腺瘤的显微外科治疗

目的：研究老年垂体腺瘤的临床特点、内分泌改变、手术治疗的可行性。方法：我们回顾性研究了42例60岁以上已手术的垂体腺瘤病人临床资料，包括临床表现、影像学资料、内分泌检查、病理等。结果：发病时间平均为3．8年，35例病人（83．3％）以视力障碍为主要表现症状。术前垂体前叶激素检查提示部分病人有改变。所有的垂体肿瘤均为大腺瘤。肿瘤全切32例，次全切除10例。手术期间没有发生严重的并发症，35例术前有视力障碍的病人中，术后29例视力得到明显的恢复。结论：对有症状的老年垂体肿瘤病人进行手术治疗是有效的，年龄不是手术的反指症。     

老年人垂体腺瘤49例术后临床分析

目的 探讨老年人垂体腺瘤的临床特点和治疗效果。方法 回顾分析49例手术及病理证实的老年人垂体腺瘤资料。结果 49例患者平均病程4．4年。视力视野障碍46例（93．8％）,头痛20例（40．8％）,内分泌障碍16例（32．7％）。肿瘤大于3cm25例（51．0％）,大部及部分切除11例（22．4％）,以经碾人路效果为好。术后常规放疗28例,肿瘤控制率93．0％,其中50％发生垂体功能低下。随访7－127个月（平均50．5个月）,视力改善27例（58．7％）,生活理43例（87＝8％）;40例术后3个月－5年复查CT或MRI提示肿瘤消失30例（61．2％）,残瘤静止5例（10．2％）,复发5例（10．2％）。结论 老年人垂体腺瘤以大腺瘤和无功能腺瘤为多;临床以视力视野改变为主;经碟人路显微手术是首选治疗方法;术后辅以放疗可控制或延缓肿瘤复发,但需注意视力损害及垂体功能低下的严重并发症。     

经蝶入路显微外科治疗老年人垂体腺瘤

目的探讨老年人垂体腺瘤（ＳＰＡ）的手术疗效。方法总结经ＣＴ扫描或ＭＲＩ确诊的５６例ＳＰＡ经蝶显微外科治疗的临床资料，３５例经唇下－鼻中隔－蝶窦入路、２１例经鼻前庭－鼻中隔－蝶窦入路行肿瘤切除术。结果本组微腺瘤７例，大腺瘤３０例，巨大腺瘤１９例，术后无死亡。４８例获长期随访（平均３．５年），４１例恢复良好；７例术后平均３．４年肿瘤复发，其中２例再次手术，５例采用药物、放疗或放射外科治疗，于３个月时复查见患者恢复较为满意。结论采取经蝶显微外科治疗ＳＰＡ，是一种安全、有较的方法     

Somatostatin analogs in treatment of non-growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas

Besides well-known effects in GH-secreting adenomas, somatostatin analogs such as octreotide and lanreotide have been used in TSH-secreting adenomas and in the so-called clinically nonfunctioning adenomas. The rationale for their use is based on the evidence that both these tumor types express large amounts of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 5, which are preferentially bound by octreotide and lanreotide. However, whether in TSH-secreting adenomas the results are excellent in the nonfunctioning type, the results are controversial. Some preliminary results showing a very rapid recovery of the visual field have not been confirmed subsequently. No evident effect of tumor shrinkage has been reported. At present, the use of somatostatin analogs in clinically nonfunctioning adenomas is questioned.     

Management of aggressive pituitary adenomas: current treatment strategies

Aggressive pituitary adenomas are notoriously difficult to manage due to their size, invasiveness, speed of growth and high frequency of recurrence. Except for prolactinomas, surgery (usually transsphenoidal but sometimes transcranial) is the first-line option, but re-growth of aggressive tumors is almost inevitable and monitoring and repeat surgery is required to control symptoms. In prolactinomas, dopamine agonists are the first-line treatment and they normalize prolactin levels in most patients even with macroprolactinomas. Somatostatin analogues offer another pharmacotherapy for pituitary adenomas either for primary therapy, pre-operatively to reduce the tumor volume and make it more amenable to surgical removal, or post-surgery to control re-expansion. When surgery and pharmacotherapy fail, radiotherapy is a useful third-line strategy that reduces recurrence, while extreme pituitary adenomas with metastases may potentially be managed with chemotherapy (although more data are needed). A combination of these therapies will be required for aggressive pituitary adenomas and careful follow-up is essential.     

垂体促甲状腺素分泌瘤20例临床分析

 目的 通过分析垂体促甲状腺素(TSH)分泌瘤的临床和影像学资料,了解其临床特点、治疗手段及治疗后的临床转归。 方法 分析复旦大学附属华山医院2006年至2013年住院的20例垂体TSH分泌瘤患者的临床表现、激素水平、影像学检查以及治疗后的随访结果。 结果 20例患者的年龄为(40.0±14.5)岁,病程1个月~15年。13例(65%)患者表现为甲状腺毒症及甲状腺肿,9例(45%)患者出现颅内占位压迫所致的临床表现。所有患者均具备游离T₃、游离T₄升高伴TSH不被抑制以及影像学垂体瘤征象。20例患者经手术、生长抑素类似物、放射治疗等综合治疗后,18例患者甲状腺功能恢复正常,肿瘤缩小且稳定,1例患者复发,1例患者失访。 结论 垂体TSH分泌瘤患者主要表现为甲状腺毒症及垂体瘤征象,临床以手术和生长抑素类似物为一线治疗,辅以放射治疗,预后较佳。     

Transcranial surgery for pituitary adenomas

Following a century of evolution and refinements in standard surgical techniques, the vast majority of operations for pituitary adenoma to date are performed utilizing transsphenoidal approaches. From current large series one obtains the impression that certainly less than 10% of these tumors require craniotomies. However, still several tumors, which’s volume is mainly localized outside of the sella require transcranial approaches, of which the pterional and subfrontal routes are the most widely used. The goal of surgical treatment is rapid eradication of the tumor mass, decompression of visual pathways and elimination of hormonal oversecretion whilst preserving the normal gland and avoiding potential surgical complications. Even with microsurgical techniques and standardized approaches, there is still some mortality associated with transcranial approaches and morbidity is undoubtly higher than with transsphenoidal operations. However, a selection bias must be considered, which shifts tumors with a larger size, less favourable prognosis and higher complication rate into the transcranial series. Moreover, with extended transsphenoidal approaches, lesions have become accessible for transsphenoidal surgery, which previously have been considered as contraindications. In this article current indications and limitations for transcranial surgery of pituitary adenomas, the preoperative workup, surgical techniques, results, and complications are briefly reviewed.     

Potential of retinoic acid derivatives for the treatment of corticotroph pituitary adenomas

Cushing’s disease is a severe clinical condition caused by hypersecretion of corticosteroids due to excessive ACTH secretion from a pituitary adenoma. This complex endocrine disorder still represents a major challenge for the physician in terms of efficient treatment. In the last years there was only little progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the constitutive and autonomous ACTH secretion of pituitary corticotrophinomas. As a consequence, no effective drug therapy is currently available, particularly if surgical excision is not successful. In the present article we examine recent studies that have investigated the therapeutic potential of retinoic acid receptors as nuclear receptor targets for the treatment of Cushing’s disease. Retinoic acid is an efficient drug used for the treatment of different types of cancers and it proved to act in animal models of Cushing’s disease. The efficiency of this treatment in patients with this disorder still needs to be tested in clinical trials.     

垂体转录活化物-1基因在人垂体腺瘤中的表达

目的　用RT PCR方法 ,定量研究垂体转录活化物 (Pit) 1mRNA在不同类型的垂体腺瘤中的表达。方法　 3 5例垂体腺瘤患者根据血清激素水平和临床表现确定腺瘤类型 ,根据影像学和术中所见对肿瘤分级和分期。用RT PCR方法检测垂体腺瘤组织中Pit 1mRNA的表达。结果　 3 5例垂体腺瘤患者有PRL腺瘤 13例 ,GH腺瘤 6例 ,GH/PRL腺瘤 2例 ,无功能瘤 11例以及ACTH腺瘤 3例。Pit 1mRNA在所有PRL瘤、GH/PRL瘤、GH瘤和 81.8% (9/ 11)无功能腺瘤中有表达。在ACTH腺瘤组中无表达。Pit 1mRNA在PRL、GH和GH/PRL 3组腺瘤中的表达量差异无显著性 ,均显著高于无功能瘤组(均P <0 .0 5)。Pit 1表达量与肿瘤分级分期无明显相关性。PRL瘤术前血清PRL值与腺瘤组织Pit 1表达量呈显著的正相关 (r=0 .92 ,P <0 .0 1) ,GH腺瘤术前血清GH值与腺瘤组织Pit 1表达量呈显著的正相关 (r =0 .98,P <0 .0 1)。结论　Pit 1mRNA在PRL、GH、GH/PRL瘤以及大部分无功能腺瘤中有表达 ,其中在PRL、GH以及GH/PRL瘤的表达量较高 ,Pit 1对垂体GH和PRL腺瘤的细胞特异分化以及分泌功能是否具有作用 ,尚待进一步研究     

手术治疗121例老年垂体腺瘤临床分析

目的 探讨老年垂体腺瘤的临床特点和手术治疗意义.方法 回顾性分析了121例60岁及以上垂体腺瘤的临床资料.结果 手术主要采用经鼻蝶窦入路,肿瘤全切除及次全切除91例,大部切除25例,部分切除5例.住院期间视力好转80例,占88.9％.随访MRI72例,肿瘤无复发或静止状态67例,复发需再次手术5例.术后生活自理率80％.结论 多数老年垂体腺瘤初期的临床表现隐匿,发现时往往肿瘤大、压迫视神经,尽早鞍区MRI检查可明确诊断.手术切除肿瘤对老年垂体瘤有效、安全,尤其是经鼻蝶入路.