部分性脾栓塞术相关的血管造影解剖

目的　探讨部分性脾栓塞 (PSE)术相关的血管造影解剖基础。材料与方法　回顾性分析 110例脾栓塞前后的脾动脉造影片 ,着重探讨脾脏大小与直径 1mm脾内动脉分支数、1mm脾内动脉分支数与明胶海绵颗粒用量的关系。结果　儿童组轻、中、重度脾肿大患者分别为 8、3 4、47例 ,直径约 1mm脾内动脉分支数相应为 18.3、17.6、19.4支 ;成人组轻、中、重度脾肿大患者分别为7、6、8例 ,直径约 1mm脾内动脉分支数相应为 2 1.3、2 3 .7、2 6.8支。明胶海绵颗粒用量为 10～ 40粒 ,平均 2 3 .5粒。统计分析表明 ,轻、中、重度脾肿大患者所含的 1mm脾内动脉分支数无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;1mm脾内动脉分支数与明胶海绵用量呈高度的正相关 (r =0 .94、0 .98,P <0 .0 0 0 5 )。结论　脾脏大小不能作为确定明胶海绵用量的依据 ,而脾内动脉分支数是栓塞前确定明胶海绵用量的依据之一。     

明胶海绵在部分性脾栓塞中的应用

目的探讨明胶海绵在部分性脾栓塞中应用方法及价值。方法75例脾亢患者，根据导管位置，采用不同大小的明胶海绵行部分性脾栓塞治疗，栓塞范围50％～70％。结果75例，脾动脉主干用明胶海绵条栓塞8例，脾动脉远端用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞21例，脾中下极动脉用明胶海绵粉末加脾动脉远端明胶海绵颗粒栓塞20例，脾中下极动脉明胶海绵粉末栓塞26例。栓塞成功率100％，脾亢缓解率100％，无异位栓塞并发症发生。结论根据导管头端位置选用不同大小明胶海绵作栓塞剂，安全有效，栓塞成功率高，可避免或减少异位栓塞并发症。     

部分性脾动脉栓塞术治疗脾功能亢进40例临床分析

介入治疗脾功能亢进(脾亢)始于1973年,Madisom首先报道在临床上试用脾动脉栓塞治疗门脉高压症伴脾亢,得到脾脏缩小及外周血细胞迅速改善的结果。1980年Spigos等应用部分性脾动脉栓塞法(PSE)明显减少了全脾栓塞所引起的并发症。1985年Jonasson等报道用明胶海绵颗粒作PSE脾亢,长期随访结果表明相当安全且很少严重并发症[1]。随后部分性脾动脉栓塞已广泛应用于脾亢的治疗[2-7],成为外科脾切除术的替代方法,它具有较低的并发症和病死率。我院从2004年3月至2005年12月对40例脾亢患者实施PSE,取得满意疗效,现报道如下。     

部分脾动脉栓塞术对脾静脉及门静脉压力的影响北大核心CSCD

目的探讨部分脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)前后脾静脉、门静脉压力变化及其影响因素。方法对14例门静脉高压伴脾功能亢进患者行PSE术治疗,手术前后均采用直接测压法检测脾静脉及门静脉压力,并对比压力变化。术后1~2个月行增强CT复查。结果 PSE术后脾静脉压力较术前明显下降,7例门静脉压力下降明显(>2 cm H2O)。术后复查增强CT显示多数患者食管胃底静脉曲张程度有不同程度改善。结论 PSE术可有效降低脾静脉压力,在降低近期门静脉压力方面影响因素较多。     

部分性脾栓塞术治疗脾亢的疗效评价

目的:探讨部分性脾动脉栓塞术(PSE)在治疗脾功能亢进中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析了02.12到05.4间采用部分性脾栓塞治疗的19例肝炎后肝硬化所致的脾功能亢进患者的临床材料,方法均采用明胶海绵颗粒加用庆大霉素选择性或超选择性脾动脉栓塞。结果:部分性脾动脉栓塞术后,患者血小板和白细胞在近期有明显升高,其中血小板较为持久和显著。结论:部分性脾动脉栓塞术治疗脾亢疗效肯定,并发症少,值得推广。     

部分性脾栓塞的若干问题探讨及展望

脾功能亢进（脾亢）可有多种原因引起,导致一种或多种血细胞减少,产生严重后果,以往的外科脾切除术常伴有机体免疫功能下降,易并发感染及出血。据Diamond报道,脾切除术后凶险感染或脓毒血症的发病率为0.58％～0．86％,为正常人群的50～80倍,凶此脾切除术不再被认为无关紧要。1973年Maddison首先用自身血凝块行部分性脾栓塞（partial splenic embolization,PSE）治疗门静脉高压伴脾亢取得成功以来,随着介入医学的发展,脾动脉栓塞术广泛应用于临床,PSE被认为是脾亢患者治疗的首选方法。PSE的方法按栓子的注入方式不同可分为两种：（1）低压分流法：即将导管端置于脾动脉主干注入栓塞剂,     

儿童遗传球形红细胞增多症部分性脾栓塞治疗(附22例报告)

目的应用部分性脾动脉栓塞(PSE)治疗儿童遗传性球形红细胞增多症(HS)。材料与方法 PSE 治疗 HS22例,男14例,女8例,年龄5个月～8岁之间。本组病例在外周血中可见20%～60%不等比例小球样变形红细胞。临床特点为慢性经过伴急性发作性溶血性贫血。PSE 治疗中采用5～6F 脾管或眼睛蛇导管,应用Seldinger 技术将导管插入脾动脉,取1.5mm×1.5mm×2mm 海绵颗粒行脾段动脉栓塞,栓塞面积在50%～70%。结果 PSE 术后短时期内全部病例溶血性贫血症状明显改善,血红蛋白、红细胞、血小板等项指标迅速恢复到正常水平。免疫功能测定各项指标保持正常,经 PSE 治疗1～5年后随访疗效稳定。结论 PSE 通过有效的缩小血细胞破坏场所,达到控制和改善 HS 溶血性贫血。     

部分性脾栓塞术治疗外伤性脾破裂的疗效和经验

目的　分析经皮穿刺部分性脾栓塞术 (PSE)治疗外伤性脾破裂的止血效果和临床经验。方法　 34例经超声、CT和腹腔穿刺证实为闭合性外伤性脾破裂病人。采用Seldinger技术 ,将 5FCobra 2导管经右侧股动脉插至脾动脉 ,行DSA检查 ,对出血的部位、范围和严重程度等进行评估 ,然后超选择插管至出血动脉 ,经导管注入 2mm× 2mm× 2mm或 2mm× 2mm× 10mm大小的明胶海绵颗粒 (条 ) ,栓塞破损血管。于右下腹麦氏点处 ,经皮穿刺置入 8F“猪尾”多侧孔引流管 ,引流腹腔积血。确认无污染、无溶血者 ,行积血回输。于PSE后 7、14d对全部病例作血常规和脾脏超声检查。并在术后 7(7例 )、14 (7例 )、30 (7例 )、6 0 (7例 )和 90 (6例 )d行脾脏CT扫描。结果　本组病例全部止血成功 ,技术成功率和止血有效率均为 10 0 %。 17例行腹腔积血自体回输 ,平均回输血量 (6 6 0± 190 )ml(4 0 0～ 16 0 0ml)。PSE后 3～ 7d拔除引流管 ,平均住院日 (7± 2 .3)d(4～ 14d)。CT随访显示 :术后 7d脾脏体积增大 ,PSE区密度减低 ,与被栓塞动脉的供血范围一致 ,腹腔积液明显减少或消失。 14d显示梗死区密度进一步减低 ,与周围脾组织境界清楚。 30d脾体积缩小 ,外形不规则 ,呈波浪状。 6 0～90d ,脾外形进一步缩小 ,轮廓呈分叶状 ,脾实质密度     

部分脾栓塞术的临床应用（附117例分析）

目的：探讨部分脾栓塞术（PSE）的临床应用。方法：采用PSE治疗肝癌伴脾亢（HCC-HS）86例，其它继发性脾亢（SHS）26例，原发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）5例，其中20例行2次以上PSE。结果：平均栓塞范围HCC-HS组为36%，SHS组为60%，ITP组为74%，临床有效率分别为84.8%、88.5%、100%。HCC-HS组因单次栓塞范围较小，约20.9%（18/86）病人需行再次栓塞。全部病例增末发生严重并发症。结论：PSE是安全有效的，可作为外科脾切除的替代疗法。HCC-HS组为了减轻术后并发症PSE可分次进行。     

部分性脾栓塞术不同栓塞方法的对比研究

目的探寻脾亢患者部分性脾栓塞(PSE)术较为合适的栓塞方法。方法78例脾亢患者中32例为脾动脉主干内PSE术(主干组),46例为脾动脉分干内PSE术(分干组)。所有患者术后观察并发症情况,第15d、30d、60d、90d分别复查白细胞和血小板计数,并与术前比较,以此评价PSE术的疗效。然后对主干组和分干组结果进行对比分析。结果78例患者术后均无严重并发症,脾外栓塞及呼吸系统并发症分干组较主干组轻而少。术后白细胞和血小板计数,第15天时主干组和分干组比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);第30天时二者比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05);第60天、90天时二者比较差异则均有非常显著性意义(P<0.001)。结论对于脾亢患者,脾动脉分支若呈二干型或三干型,则应尽量行分干内PSE术;分支若呈无干型或主干明显扭曲而插管困难时,则宜行主干内PSE术。     

19F-MRI of perflubron for measurement of oxygen partial pressure in porcine lungs during partial liquid ventilation.

A method for in vivo measurement of oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in porcine lungs during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perflubron (PFOB) was developed. A pulse sequence for high-resolution MRI of the distribution of PFOB in the lung after intratracheal administration was developed as well. Moreover, quantitative measurements of longitudinal relaxation time T(1) of (19)F resonances for assessment of regional pO2 are described. Due to the need to acquire data during a single expiratory breathhold, only low SNRs were achieved in vivo. Therefore, simulations were performed to investigate the influence of background noise on T(1) values calculated from data with low SNR. Based on these simulations, a postprocessing strategy was developed to correct for systematic errors by background noise prior to quantitative analysis. Results of a pilot study in pigs under conditions of PLV are presented.     

The Voxel Sensitivity Function in Fourier Transform Imaging: Applications to Magnetic Resonance Angiography

In this paper the problem of small structure visualization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered. The relationship between the structure and the image intensities is defined in terms of the voxel sensitivity function (VSF). Using the VSF, the spatial dependence of the voxel signal for small spheres and cylinders is computed. Although the spatial fluctuation is smaller in the MRI VSF than that which would be obtained from a uniformly sensitive cubical voxel, the deviation still results in significant signal loss near the edges and corners of the voxels. Finally, the VSF formalism is used to demonstrate the improvement in signal uniformity that can be obtained by using zero-filled (band-limited or sinc) interpolation.     

部分脾栓塞术临床应用进展

部分脾栓塞术(PSE)作为一种非手术方法可规避脾切除术带来的风险。除治疗脾功能亢进、血小板减少症、脾外伤、脾动脉瘤外,还能缓解肝移植术后脾动脉盗血综合征从而改善受肝血供;减少门脉高压所致食管胃静脉曲张破裂出血的风险;改善外周血象以耐受大量化疗药物或干扰素治疗;治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜等血液系统疾病。现就PSE临床应用进展作一综述。     

Regenerative capacity of normal and irradiated liver following partial hepatectomy in rats

Purpose:?To investigate the regenerative capacity and proliferation related to cell cycle modulators in irradiated livers after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats.

Methods and materials:?Two experimental groups were given a single dose of either 4-Gy or 8-Gy photon radiation to the whole liver following PH. The control group underwent only PH, without irradiation. The liver specimens were analysed for apoptosis, proliferation and cell cycle related genes between 0.5 and 12 days.

Results:?Mean change in weight of the remnant liver in the 8-Gy group was significantly lower than in the control and 4-Gy groups. The apex of proliferating cell nuclear antigen labelling and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation index in two irradiated groups were also apparently lower than that in control group. After PH, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1), and the type II receptor of TGFβ (TGFβR-II), anti-tumour protein 53(p53) and anti-tumour protein21(p21) protein expression in the irradiated livers was higher than in unirradiated ones. Significant apoptosis was noted in 8-Gy group. However, the maximal value of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mRNA and protein expression in the irradiated group was suppressed and restoration of liver function was delayed.

Conclusion:?Whole liver lower dose irradiation can attenuate regenerative capacity following partial hepatectomy in rats.     

高分压氧对淋巴细胞周期的影响

目的　探讨高分压氧对淋巴细胞周期的影响。方法　分离大鼠脾淋巴细胞 ,分别以从 10 0k Pa到 6 0 0 k Pa的高分压氧对淋巴细胞处理不同时间。以碘化丙啶染色 ,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期各时相的细胞分布。结果　经过下列方案高分压氧处理后 ,处于 S期和 G2 / M期的细胞比例显著增高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) :10 0 k Pa- 4 h,2 0 0 k Pa- 2 h,30 0 k Pa- 1h,4 0 0 k Pa- 1h,6 0 0 k Pa- 1h。下列方案处理后 ,S期和 G2 / M期细胞比例则显著减少 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) :10 0 k Pa- 10 h,2 0 0 k Pa- 6 h,30 0 k Pa- 4 h,4 0 0 k Pa- 3h,6 0 0 k Pa- 2 h。结论　根据暴露强度不同 ,高分压氧对淋巴细胞周期存在促进和抑制双相作用。     

MRI reconstruction from 2D truncated k-space

Purpose:

To shorten acquisition time by means of both partial scanning and partial echo acquisition and to reconstruct images from such 2D partial k‐space acquisitions.

Materials and Methods:

We propose an approach to reconstructing magnetic resonance images from 2D truncated k‐space in which the k‐space is truncated in both phase‐ and frequency‐encoding directions. Unlike conventional reconstruction techniques, the proposed approach is based on a newly developed 2D singularity function analysis (SFA) model and a sparse representation of an image whose parameters can be estimated from the 2D partial k‐space data. Such a sparse representation leads to an accurate recovery of the missing k‐space data and, hence, an accurate reconstruction of the image.

Results:

The proposed approach can reconstruct an image from as little as 20%–30% of the k‐space data and the quality of the reconstructed image is comparable to the reference image that is reconstructed from the complete k‐space data.

Conclusion:

Despite the high asymmetry of a 2D truncated k‐space, the proposed approach allows for accurate reconstruction without the need of phase correction and, thus, overcomes the assumption of slow phase variations that is usually required by the existing reconstruction methods. It provides a new way of fast imaging for applications that require a significant reduction of the acquisition time. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;35:1196‐1206. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

组织氧分压在创伤性休克过程中的动态变化及意义

采用后肢创伤法建立创伤性休克大鼠模型 ,观察休克过程中组织氧分压的动态变化 ,评价组织氧分压监测在休克监测中的意义。利用氧依赖性的淬灭技术测定创伤前后大鼠骨骼肌、肝脏、小肠的组织氧分压的动态变化 ,监测血流动力学改变。结果显示 ,休克末和复苏后各时间点组织氧分压较伤前明显降低(P <0 0 5 ) ,复苏后血压水平的提高亦不能改变机体组织氧分压的下降趋势 ,其中肝脏及小肠的组织氧分压变化较骨骼肌更为显著 (P <0 0 5 )。提示内脏器官在休克过程中的缺血、缺氧程度更为严重 ,内脏组织的氧分压测定在休克的监测中有一定的意义。     

喉部分切除术在治疗喉癌中的应用

目的　探讨不同术式喉部分切除在治疗喉癌中的应用。方法　对不同术式喉部分切除术后喉功能的恢复及并发症的发生情况进行分析。结果　 1例发生咽瘘 ;3例出现术后间歇性剧烈干咳 ;3例出现术后短期进流食误咽。结论　声门上喉部分切除术的功能恢复最为理想 ;咽瘘的发生与局部感染有重要关系 ;线头残留是干咳的主要原因     

Three-dimensional projection imaging with half the number of projections

This study demonstrates a sampling scheme for three-dimensional projection imaging with half the number of projections. The angular distribution of projections is designed so that the oversampling of the low spatial frequencies, in tandem with a partial Fourier algorithm, can be used to recreate purposely missing projections. The performance of the sampling scheme and its associated reconstruction algorithm are illustrated with computer-simulated as well as experimental data sets. We find that this technique produces images of comparable quality to the conventional projection imaging scheme. Although a 30% loss of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) results from its use, the algorithm should prove useful for applications where robustness against motion artifacts and reduced T₂* signal loss are desired.