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1.
Francisco M. Gomez-SotoJose L. Andrey Antonio A. Garcia-EgidoMiguel A. Escobar Sotero P. RomeroRocio Garcia-Arjona Jesus GutierrezFrancisco Gomez 《International journal of cardiology》2011,151(1):40-45
Background
Data on the incidence and mortality of heart failure (HF) in community-based populations of developed countries are limited. We estimated the trends of the incidence and, the mortality of HF.Methods
Prospective population-based study in a white, low-middle class Mediterranean community of 267,231 inhabitants in Spain. Participants were all the patients (= > 14 years), newly diagnosed with HF (4793), according to the Framingham criteria, from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2007. Main outcome were incidence and mortality following an HF diagnosis.Results
Incidence of HF increased among both men and women, and among persons with systolic and non-systolic HF. Incidence of HF increased from 296 per 100,000 person-years in 2000 to 390 per 100,000 person-years in 2007 (RR 1.32, CI 95% 1.27-13.7, P < .01). Although, risk-adjusted mortality declined from 2000 to 2007, the prognosis for patients with newly diagnosed HF remains poor. In 2007, risk-adjusted 30-day, 1-year, and 4-years mortality was 12.1%, 28.8%, and 61.4%, respectively. Incidence and mortality of systolic HF were higher than those of non-systolic HF (P < 0.05).Conclusions
During the last 8 years, in a white, middle class population of the south of Europe, the increased incidence and the decreased mortality of heart failure have resulted in an increased prevalence of heart failure. Incidence and mortality of systolic heart failure were higher than those of non-systolic heart failure. 相似文献2.
Momesso DP Bussade I Epifanio MA Schettino CD Russo LA Kupfer R 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2011,91(1):47-53
Aims
The present study evaluated the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS), body fat composition and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in type 1 diabetes. Epicardial adipose tissue is a new independent marker of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods
Forty-five type 1 diabetic women were evaluated (age 36 ± 9 years; body mass index 24.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2). Metabolic syndrome was defined by the World Health Organization criteria. Body fat composition and EAT were analyzed by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry and echocardiogram, respectively.Results
Twenty patients (45%) had MS. Patients with MS had greater android (central) fat deposition than patients without MS (41.9 ± 2.0% vs. 33.7 ± 1.8%, p = 0.004). Total body fat and gynoid (peripheric) fat distribution were similar between the groups. Mean EAT was higher in patients with MS (6.15 ± 0.34 mm vs. 4.96 ± 0.25 mm; p = 0.006) and EAT was positively correlated with android (central) fat distribution (r = 0.44; p = 0.002), however no correlation was found with gynoid (peripheric) fat distribution.Conclusions
There was a high incidence of MS in type 1 diabetes related to increased central adiposity, despite the absence of obesity. Metabolic syndrome and central obesity were associated with increased EAT. Thus, young non-obese type 1 diabetic women with central adiposity and/or MS may have increased EAT, what may predict CAD risk. 相似文献3.
Stewart S Carrington MJ Swemmer C Kurstjens N Jennings GL 《International journal of cardiology》2011,153(3):317-322
Background
The Valstartan Intensified Primary CarE Reduction of Blood Pressure Study (VIPER-BP) Study is an open-label, randomised controlled trial comparing usual primary care management with an intensive BP management strategy using three forms of valsartan-based therapy (mono-therapy, thiazide diuretic or calcium channel blocker combinations) to achieve individualised BP control.Methods
To identify the features of General Practitioner (GP) management of hypertension in Australia, we analyse the response to a case scenario-based survey of 500 GPs. We subsequently recruited a national cohort of GP Investigators to enrol up to 2500 patients into the VIPER-BP Study.Results
GP responses clearly demonstrated that, compared to the VIPER-BP intervention, a heterogeneous approach to the primary care management of hypertension persists in Australia. By November 2010, 2157 hypertensive patients from 272 actively recruiting GP Investigators were enrolled into the study. Of these, 1965 (91%) patients were entered into a standardised “run-in” phase of 28 days of valsartan 80 mg/day. Subsequently, 1285 patients were randomised to usual care (n = 435) or the VIPER-BP intervention (n = 850). There was a predominance of males (62%), whilst 55% had pre-existing diabetes or cardiovascular disease and 63% had been previously treated for hypertension. Mean systolic and diastolic BP on randomisation for men and women, respectively, was 148 ± 15/88 ± 11 and 148 ± 18/87 ± 10 mm Hg.Conclusions
In contrast to typical primary care management of hypertension, VIPER-BP combines more intensive and aggressive therapies with structured management to more rapidly attain and sustain individualised BP targets in hypertensive patients. 相似文献4.
Miyasaka Y Barnes ME Gersh BJ Cha SS Bailey KR Seward JB Iwasaka T Tsang TS 《The American journal of medicine》2007,120(4):357-363
Purpose
We aimed to determine the long-term, gender-specific incidence and mortality risk of coronary ischemic events after first atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods
In this longitudinal cohort study, adult residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, with an electrocardiogram-confirmed AF first documented in 1980 to 2000 and without prior coronary heart disease, were followed to 2004. The primary outcome was first coronary events (angina with angiographic confirmation, unstable angina, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or coronary death). Sex-specific incidence of coronary ischemic events and survival after development of such events were assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Kaplan-Meier estimates of risks for coronary ischemic events were compared with those predicted by the Framingham equation.Results
Of the 2768 subjects (mean age 71 years, 48% were men), 463 (17%) had a first coronary event during a follow-up of 6.0 ± 5.2 years. The unadjusted incidence was 31 per 1000 person-years, and there was no difference between men and women. The incidence was higher in men (hazard ratio 1.32, P = .004) after adjusting for age. The 10-year event estimates were 22% and 19% in men and women, respectively, by our Kaplan-Meier analyses, and 21% and 11%, respectively, by Framingham risk equation. The mortality risk after coronary events was higher in women (hazard ratio 2.99 vs 2.33; P = .044), even after multiple adjustment.Conclusions
First AF marks a high risk for new coronary ischemic events in both men and women. AF conferred additional risk for coronary events beyond conventional risk prediction in women only. The excess mortality risk associated with the development of coronary events was significantly greater in women. 相似文献5.
Antonello D'Andrea Rosangela CocchiaPio Caso Lucia RieglerRaffaella Scarafile Gemma SalernoEnrica Golia Giovanni Di SalvoPaolo Calabrò Maurizio Cappelli BigazziBiagio Liccardo Nicolino EspositoSergio Cuomo Eduardo BossoneMaria Giovanna Russo Raffaele Calabrò 《International journal of cardiology》2011,153(2):185-191
Aims
To test whether two-dimensional longitudinal strain (2DSE) performed after revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could predict left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with recent non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Methods
In 70 patients (62.7 ± 8.7 years) with recent NSTEMI (between 72 hours and 14 days), undergoing coronary angiography for recurrent angina, myocardial deformation parameters were measured by 2DSE before and 24 hours after reperfusion therapy. Strain in all LV segments was averaged to obtain a global value (Global longitudinal Strain - GLS). Infarct size was estimated by clinical parameters and cardiac markers. After 6 months from intervention, LV negative remodeling was defined as lack of improvement of LV function, with increase in LV end-diastolic volume of greater than or equal than 15%.Results
At follow-up, patients were subdivided into remodeled (n = 32) and non-remodeled (n = 38) groups. Patients with negative LV remodeling had significantly lower baseline LV ejection fraction (44.8 ± 6.9 vs. 48.7 ± 5.5 %; p < 0.05), higher peak troponin I (p < 0.001) and reduced GLS (- 10.6 ± 6.1 vs - 17.6 ± 6.7 % p < 0.001) than those without LV remodeling. GLS showed a close correlation with peak troponin I after PCI (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001) and LV WMSI (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). By multivariable analysis, diabetes mellitus (P < 0.005), peak of Troponin I after PCI (P < 0.0005), GLS at baseline (OR: 4.3; p < 0.0001), and lack of improvement of GLS soon after PCI (OR: 1.45, P < 0.01) were powerful independent predictors of negative LV remodelling at follow-up. In particular, a GLS ≤ 12 % showed a sensitivity and a specificity respectively of 84.8% and 87.8% to predict negative LV remodelling at follow-up.Conclusions
in patients with recent NSTEMI, longitudinal LV global and regional speckle-tracking strain measurements are powerful independent predictors of LV remodeling after reperfusion therapy. 相似文献6.
Aims
Hyperglycemia causes generation of free radicals which leads to oxidative stress and apoptosis in various cells. The present study was undertaken to investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and apoptotic markers in lymphocytes of diabetic patients with chronic non healing wounds.Methods
Thirty healthy, thirty uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thirty uncontrolled T2DM with chronic, non healing, neuropathic diabetic foot patients were included in this study. Indices of oxidative stress inside the lymphocyte lysate were estimated by measuring content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Glutathione and malonaldialdehyde (MDA). Protein expression studies of pro and anti apoptotic markers were carried out to elucidate their possible involvement in diabetic context.Results
SOD and MDA activity was significantly higher in the lymphocytes of diabetic patients having chronic, non healing diabetic wound as compared with healthy (p < 0.001); whereas catalase and GSH activity was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the same group. Expressions of pro apoptotic markers (Caspase-3, Fas and Bax) were significantly higher whereas reduced expression of anti-apoptotic marker (Bcl-2) were obtained in lymphocytes of diabetic and non diabetic individuals.Conclusions
Hyperglycemia confers pro apoptotic manifestations which are mostly through altered indices of oxidative stress within lymphocytic milieu. 相似文献7.
Le Besnerais M François A Leroy F Janvresse A Levesque H Marie I 《La Revue de médecine interne / fondée ... par la Société nationale francaise de médecine interne》2011,32(1):3-8
Introduction
Renal involvement is uncommon in sarcoidosis, occurring in less than 5% of the patients. Diagnostic delay should be minimal to improve the outcome.Methods
From 1996 to 2009, 78 patients were seen for sarcoidosis in the Department of Internal Medicine of Rouen University hospital.Results
Five patients (6.4%) had renal involvement. Diagnosis of renal involvement and sarcoidosis were concomitant in two patients while in the three remaining patients, renal manifestations occurred during the course of sarcoidosis. The five patients with renal manifestations exhibited: isolated sarcoid granulomatous interstitial nephritis (n = 2), sarcoid granulomatous interstitial nephritis and nephrocalcinosis (n = 2), renal failure due to hypercalcemia (n = 1).Conclusion
This series underlines that renal function tests should be performed systematically both during initial evaluation and the follow-up of patients with sarcoidosis. 相似文献8.
López-Otero D Muñoz-García AJ Avanzas P Lozano I Alonso-Briales JH Souto-Castro P Morís C Hernández-García JM Trillo-Nouche R 《Revista espa?ola de cardiología》2011,64(2):121-126
Introduction and objectives
To validate the axillary approach as a safe and efficient option for the transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients who have contraindication for femoral approach at three Spanish hospitals.Methods
We included patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis at very high or prohibitive surgical risk, selected by a multidisciplinary team, for transcatheter aortic valve implantation, and had contraindication to the femoral approach.Results
We included 19 of 186 (10.5%) patients, who were implanted a percutaneous aortic valve, between November 2008 and March 2010. The mean age was 78.3 (standard deviation [SD] ± 8.65) years and 73.7% were males. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 28.7% (SD ± 16.3%). The procedural success rate was 100%. After the procedure the maximum transvalve gradient decreased from 81.7 mmHg (SD ± 21.5) to 15.8 mmHg (SD ± 5.5), and no patient presented residual aortic regurgitation >2. The all-cause mortality, with a mean follow-up time of 9.2 (SD ± 3.2) months was 10.5%, and the in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 0%. The global incidence of major complications due to the procedure was 15.7%. Definitive pacemaker implantation was carried out for atrioventricular block in 8 patients (44.4%).Conclusions
The axillary approach for transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the CoreValve® and contraindication to the femoral approach is safe and efficient for selected patients, with excellent results in terms of success implantation and in hospital and 30-day mortality.Full English text available from: www.revespcardiol.org 相似文献9.
Maaike G.J. GademanYiping Sun Liming Han Vanessa J. ValkMartin J. Schalij Henk J. van Exel Carolien M.H.B. LucasArie C. Maan Harriette F. VerweyHedde van de Vooren Gian D. PinnaRoberto Maestri Maria Teresa La RovereErnst E. van der Wall Cees A. Swenne 《International journal of cardiology》2011,152(2):237-241
Background
One of the beneficial effects of exercise training in chronic heart failure (CHF) is an improvement in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), a prognostic index in CHF. In our hypothesis-generating study we propose that at least part of this effect is mediated by neural afferent information, and more specifically, by exercise-induced somatosensory nerve traffic.Objective
To compare the effects of periodic electrical somatosensory stimulation on BRS in patients with CHF with the effects of exercise training and with usual care.Methods
We compared in stable CHF patients the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, N = 23, LVEF 30 ± 9%) with the effects of bicycle exercise training (EXTR, N = 20, LVEF 32 ± 7%). To mimic exercise-associated somatosensory ergoreceptor stimulation, we applied periodic (2/s, marching pace) burst TENS to both feet. TENS and EXTR sessions were held during two successive days.Results
BRS, measured prior to the first intervention session and one day after the second intervention session, increased by 28% from 3.07 ± 2.06 to 4.24 ± 2.61 ms/mm Hg in the TENS group, but did not change in the EXTR group (baseline: 3.37 ± 2.53 ms/mm Hg; effect: 3.26 ± 2.54 ms/mm Hg) (P(TENS vs EXTR) = 0.02). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure did not change in either group.Conclusions
We demonstrated that periodic somatosensory input alone is sufficient and efficient in increasing BRS in CHF patients. This concept constitutes a basis for studies towards more effective exercise training regimens in the diseased/impaired, in whom training aimed at BRS improvement should possibly focus more on the somatosensory aspect. 相似文献10.
Magnus T. Jensen Jacob L. MarottGorm B. Jensen 《International journal of cardiology》2011,151(2):148-154
Background
Elevated resting heart rate is associated with mortality in general populations. Smokers may be at particular risk. The association between resting heart rate (RHR), smoking status and cardiovascular and total mortality was investigated in a general population.Methods
Prospective study of 16,516 healthy subjects from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. 8709 deaths, hereof 3821 cardiovascular deaths, occurred during 33 years of follow-up.Results
In multivariate Cox models with time-dependent covariates RHR was significantly associated with both cardiovascular and total mortality. Current and former smokers had, irrespective of tobacco consumption, greater relative risk of elevated RHR compared to never smokers. The relative risk of all-cause mortality per 10 bpm increase in RHR was (95% CI): 1.06 (1.01-1.10) in never smokers, 1.11 (1.07-1.15) in former smokers, 1.13 (1.09-1.16) in moderate smokers, and 1.13 (1.10-1.16) in heavy smokers. There was no gender difference. The risk estimates for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality were essentially similar.In univariate analyses, the difference in survival between a RHR in the highest (> 80 bpm) vs lowest quartile (< 65 bpm) was 4.7 years in men and 3.6 years in women. In multivariate analyses, the difference was about one year in never smokers and about two years in current and former smokers.Conclusions
In a healthy population resting heart rate is associated with total and cardiovascular mortality. Elevated resting heart rate is associated with greater risk in subjects with a history of smoking than in never smokers. 相似文献11.
Background
The aim of this study was to assess resistance artery function in short-term chronic cigarette smokers and non-smoking control subjects.Methods
Reactive hyperemia was assessed in 19 cigarette smokers (age 23 ± 1 years) and 19 non-smokers (age 23 ± 1 years).Results
Cigarette smokers demonstrated a 23% lower peak forearm blood flow response compared with non-smokers (15.81 ± 0.66 vs. 20.58 ± 1.26 mL/min/100 mL, p < 0.05) and a 22% lower area under the curve of the reactive hyperemia response (607 ± 51.57 vs. 775 ± 53.51 mL/min/100 mL × 3 min, p < 0.05).Conclusions
These results indicate that smoking-induced impairments of vascular function occur early after the initiation of chronic cigarette smoking. 相似文献12.
Deguo WangFengxiang Zhang Wenzhi ShenMinglong Chen Bing YangYuzhen Zhang Kejiang Cao 《International journal of cardiology》2011,152(3):314-320
Background
Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is a promising new therapy to improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). The electrophysiological consequences of MSC implantation has not been systematically studied.Methods
We investigated the electrophysiological and arrhythmogenic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy in experimental infarction model. Rats were subjected to MI operation by LAD ligation and randomly allocated to receive intramyocardially injection PBS (MI-PBS) or 5 × 105 EGFP labeled MSCs (MI-MSCs). Electrophysiological study, histological examination, and western blotting were performed 2 weeks after cell transplantation.Results
Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) showed a significant reduced inducible ventricular tachycardias (VTs), raised ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and prolonged ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) in MSC-treated rats compared to PBS-treated animals. MSC implantation led to markedly longer action potential duration (APD) and shorter activation time (AT) in infarcted border zone (IBZ) of left ventricular epicardium compared with PBS-treated hearts. Histological study revealed that fibrotic area and collagen deposition in infarcted region were significantly lower in MI-MSC group than in MI-PBS group. Abnormal alterations of Connexin 43 including reduction and lateralization were significantly attenuated by MSC treatment.Conclusions
This study provide strong evidence that MSC implantation ameliorates interstitial fibrosis and the remodeling of gap junction, attenuates focal heterogeneity of reporlarization and conduction and reduces vulnerability to VTs. The results suggest that MSC transplantation might emerge as a new preventive strategy against VAs besides improving cardiac performance in ischemic heart disease. 相似文献13.
Lei ZhangLi-Qiang Qin Hong-Yue CuiAi-Ping Liu Pei-Yu Wang 《International journal of cardiology》2011,151(1):46-49
Background
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) has been increasing in urbanization areas of China. The article aims to estimate the up-to-date prevalence and clustering of major modifiable CRFs among suburban residents in Beijing.Methods
A cross-sectional survey in a representative sample of 16371 suburban residents aged 35 to 74 years was carried out in 2007, and results were compared with counterparts of China and the United States. Data was collected by questionnaires, blood pressure, anthropometric, and laboratory measurements.Results
The age-standardized prevalence of investigated major CRFs (overweight/obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and current smoking) in the study was 36.2%, 6.5%, 36.9%, 35.4%, and 36.3%, respectively. Overall, 83.5%, 47.2% and 17.5% of participants in the study had ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3 major CRFs, which were higher than total China (80.5%, 45.9%, and 17.2%) and lower than the United State (93.1%, 73.0% and 35.9%), respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3 CRFs for men compared with women was 3.4 (3.0 to 3.9), 4.3 (3.7 to 5.0), and 5.4 (4.6 to 6.5), respectively. In addition, older age groups were more likely to have ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3 of these modifiable cardiovascular risk factors compared with younger age groups, respectively.Conclusions
High prevalence and clustering of major modifiable CRFs are commonly present in suburban residents in Beijing. More effective population-based interventions, such as smoking cessation, healthy diet, increased physical activity are required to reduce the prevalence of these CRFs and the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases in China. 相似文献14.
Ming-Tai LinYih-Sharng Chen Shu-Chien HuangHsin-Hui Chiu Shuenn-Nan ChiuChun-An Chen En-Ting WuIng-Sh Chiu Chung-I ChangMei-Hwan Wu Jou-Kou Wang 《International journal of cardiology》2011,151(3):313-317
Objectives
Uncorrected congenital heart defects (CHD) with severe pulmonary hypertension (sPH, systolic pulmonary artery > 70% of systolic pressure) are usually considered inoperable. We are curious to know if some selected patients might benefit from palliative operation for those sPH with uncorrected CHD.Methods
Adults or adolescents with sPH associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD) with/without great artery anomalies were selected for pulmonary artery banding (PAB) to reduce sPH. The target pulmonary pressure was less than half of the systolic blood pressure after arch or great arteries reconstruction. Repeated catheterization was performed to evaluate the feasibility of defect closure.Results
Consecutively, 8 patients (age 26 ± 9 years) received PAB as a palliative procedure in the past 8 years without mortality. The pre-PAB systolic pulmonary pressure was 119 ± 9 mmHg. Additional PAB had been applied in 4 of them. All patients showed significant improvement in function class (III to I or II). The mean post-PAB pulmonary pressure decreased significantly (77.5 ± 9.2 mmHg to 42.0 ± 9.0 mmHg) and 6-minute walk test was also found to have great improvement (270 ± 86 m to 414 ± 49 m), but the saturation at rest did not show a difference. Three of them received corrective surgery to close defects over 3-5 years.Conclusion
For some selected adult sPH with uncorrected CHD, PAB can work as a palliative procedure to improve their functional class and even provide a chance of total repair. 相似文献15.
Purpose
The paradox of obesity in patients with heart failure (HF) also has been observed in non-HF veteran patients. Veterans had to have met military fitness requirements at the time of their enlistment. Therefore, we assessed the relation of body mass index (BMI) to mortality in a clinical cohort of non-HF veterans, adjusting for fitness.Methods
After excluding HF patients (n = 580), the study population comprised 6876 consecutive patients (mean age 58 [±11] years) referred for exercise testing. Patients were classified by BMI category: normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2), or obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2). The association between BMI, fitness, other clinical variables, and all-cause mortality was assessed by Cox proportional hazards analysis.Results
During a mean (±SD) follow-up of 7.5 ± 4.5 years, a total of 1571 (23%) patients died. In a multivariate analysis including clinical, risk factor, and exercise test data, higher BMI was associated with better survival. Expressing the data by BMI category, obese patients were 22% less likely to die (relative risk [RR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.90, P <.001) than patients of normal weight. After further adjustment for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), this relationship strengthened such that mortality risk for the obese category was 35% lower (RR = 0.65, 95% CI, 0.57-0.76, P <.001), versus the normal weight category.Conclusions
As has been observed in HF patients, obesity was associated with a substantially lower mortality risk in a clinical population of non-HF veterans. Higher CRF and obesity in later life may account for an obesity paradox in this population. 相似文献16.
Background
Recent clinical and post-mortem reports suggests that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection may participate in the process of atherosclerosis independent of other coronary risk factors. In this prospective and observational study, we investigated whether an associative link exists between HIV infection and coronary artery disease.Methods
Of 690 patients admitted to our hospital in a 3-year period, 29 patients (28 men and 1 woman) with a mean age of 46 ± 10 years had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the basis of acute prolonged chest pain, ischemic electrocardiogram abnormalities, and elevated serum markers of myocardial necrosis at presentation.Results
ST-segment elevation MI was present in 15 patients, and non-ST-segment elevation MI was present in 14 patients. Twenty-two patients (76%) were <55 years; 17 of these patients had no or 1 coronary risk factor, and 5 patients had 2 or 3 risk factors. Five patients >55 years had 1 coronary risk factor, and 2 patients had 2 risk factors. Thirteen patients underwent a myocardial revascularization procedure, and 1 patient died during hospitalization.Conclusions
HIV infection, as a cause of endothelial injury, may initiate the inflammatory process of early atherosclerosis and participate in the evolution of the atherothrombotic lesion responsible for AMI. This study suggests that the association of HIV infection and acute coronary syndrome may be more common than previously reported and underscores the need for further clinical studies. 相似文献17.
Fabricatore AN Wadden TA Ebbeling CB Thomas JG Stallings VA Schwartz S Ludwig DS 《Diabetes research and clinical practice》2011,92(1):37-45
Aims
To compare the effects of lifestyle modification programs that prescribe low-glycemic load (GL) vs. low-fat diets in a randomized trial.Methods
Seventy-nine obese adults with type 2 diabetes received low-fat or low-GL dietary instruction, delivered in 40-week lifestyle modification programs with identical goals for calorie intake and physical activity. Changes in weight, HbA1c, and other metabolic parameters were compared at weeks 20 and 40.Results
Weight loss did not differ between groups at week 20 (low-fat: −5.7 ± 3.7%; low-GL: −6.7 ± 4.4%, p = .26) or week 40 (low-fat: −4.5 ± 7.5%; low-GL: −6.4 ± 8.2%, p = .28). Adjusting for changes in antidiabetic medications, subjects on the low-GL diet had larger reductions in HbA1c than those on the low-fat diet at week 20 (low-fat: −0.3 ± 0.6%; low-GL: −0.7 ± 0.6%, p = .01), and week 40 (low-fat: −0.1 ± 1.2%; low-GL: −0.8 ± 1.3%; p = .01). Groups did not differ significantly on any other metabolic outcomes (p ≥ .06).Conclusions
Results suggest that targeting GL, rather than dietary fat, in a low-calorie diet can significantly enhance the effect of weight loss on HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. 相似文献18.
Matthew I. Worthley 《The American journal of medicine》2010,123(2):184-187
Background
Energy drink consumption has been anecdotally linked with sudden cardiac death and, more recently, myocardial infarction. As myocardial infarction is strongly associated with both platelet and endothelial dysfunction, we tested the hypothesis that energy drink consumption alters platelet and endothelial function.Methods
Fifty healthy volunteers (34 male, aged 22 ± 2 years) participated in the study. Platelet aggregation and endothelial function were tested before, and 1 hour after, the consumption of 250 mL (1 can) of a sugar-free energy drink. Platelet function was assessed by adenosine diphosphate-induced (1 μmol/L) optical aggregometry in platelet-rich plasma. Endothelial function was assessed via changes in peripheral arterial tonometry and expressed as the reactive hyperemia index (RHI).Results
Compared with baseline values, there was a significant increase in platelet aggregation following energy drink consumption, while no change was observed with control (13.7 ± 3.7% vs 0.3 ± 0.8% aggregation, respectively, P <.01). Similarly, RHI decreased following energy drink consumption (−0.33 ± 0.13 vs 0.07 ± 0.12 RHI [control], P <.05). Mean arterial pressure significantly increased following energy drink consumption, compared with control (P <.05). Heart rate was unaffected by energy drink consumption.Conclusion
Energy drink consumption acutely increases platelet aggregation and decreases endothelial function in healthy young adults. 相似文献19.
Hitesh PatelBaris A. Ozdemir Mitesh PatelHan B. Xiao Philip A. Poole-Wilson Stuart D. Rosen 《International journal of cardiology》2011,151(1):34-39
Background
Autonomic dysfunction (AD) is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure (SHF). The extent of AD when LV ejection fraction is preserved (HF-NEF), is unclear. Our objectives were: 1) quantitative assessment of autonomic function in SHF and HF-NEF; and 2) exploration of relationships among AD, symptoms and cardiac function.Methods
This was an observational study of patients newly referred from primary care with a heart failure diagnosis; 21 SHF, 20 HF-NEF patients and 21 normal subjects were recruited. All subjects underwent clinical evaluation, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Minnesota Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) and echocardiography. Autonomic assessment included haemodynamic responses to standing, deep breathing and handgrip. Concomitant blood pressure variability (BPV) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were also derived.Results
There were significant differences in all haemodynamic responses between SHF, HF-NEF and normal. Log transformed (ln) low frequency spectral component of BPV was lower in SHF (4.1 ± 0.3) than HF-NEF (4.2 ± 0.4) and normal (4.4 ± 0.1; p = 0.001 SHF vs HF-NEF and vs normal). Ln LF/HF was greater in normal than HF-NEF and SHF (1.5 ± 0.7 vs 0.9 ± 1.0 vs 0.6 ± 0.6; p = 0.003). Autonomic modulations correlated negatively with severity of heart failure.Conclusions
Autonomic responses in heart failure were blunted and the attenuation of responses correlated strongly with symptomatic and functional markers of disease severity. Autonomic dysfunction is a feature of the heart failure syndrome but is not dependent on ejection fraction. 相似文献20.