附睾、睾丸精子卵浆内单精子注射治疗阻塞性无精症引起不育

为评价附睾或睾丸精子卵浆内单精子注射（ＩＣＳＩ）治疗阻塞性无精症引起不育的疗效，对３１例无精子男性不育患者配偶进行超排卵治疗３７个周期，获卵当日从患者附睾取精，其中２４例获得活动精子，７例失败，改用钳取睾丸曲细精管从中分离精子以供ＩＣＳＩ。结果：共获卵４５３个，附睾、睾丸精子ＩＣＳＩ受精率分别为５５７％、６１７％，平均每周期移植胚胎３７个，总妊娠率每周期２９７％。结论：只要获得活动精子ＩＣＳＩ，阻塞性无精症患者也有机会生育     

精子冷冻对卵胞质内单精子注射治疗结果的影响

目的 了解冷冻保存对射出精子和经皮附睾、睾丸微穿刺抽吸精子进行卵胞质内单精子注射（ICSI）临床结果的影响。方法 将射出精子152个治疗周期和经皮附睾、睾丸微穿刺抽吸精子55个周期分别分为新鲜组和冷冻组，对其ICSI后的结果进行对照。结果 射出精子新鲜组和冷冻组受精率、卵裂率和临床妊娠率（分别为79．70％ vs 76．79％、97．08％ vs 98．35％、39．02％ vs 37．93％）与经皮附睾、睾丸微穿刺抽吸精子新鲜组和冷冻组受精率、卵裂率和临床妊娠率，穿刺周期（分别为77．07％ vs 74．54％、97．47％ vs 94．3l％、35．00％ vs 37．14％）均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论 精子的冷冻保存对射出精子和经皮附睾、睾丸微穿刺抽吸精子进行ICSI的临床结果没有影响，我们认为对于经皮附睾、睾丸微穿刺抽吸精子应该进行冷冻保存，以减少对附睾、睾丸的穿刺次数。     

附睾取精卵浆内显微注射受精治疗阻塞性无精子症(附15例报告)

为了探讨附睾取精卵浆内显微注射受精（ＥＳＩＣＳＩ）在治疗阻塞性无精子症（ＯＡＳ）的效果，自１９９６年１月～１９９７年３月采用附睾切开取精，结合体外卵浆内显微注射受精、胚胎移植方法治疗ＯＡＳ患者１５例。结果显示：附睾精子受精率达５９．６％，临床妊娠率为２６．７％（４／１５），提示ＥＳＩＣＳＩ是治疗ＯＡＳ的有效方法。     

附睾取精卵浆内显微注射受精治疗阻塞性无精子症（附15例？…

为了探讨附睾取精卵浆内显微注射受精（ＥＳ－ＩＣＳＩ）在治疗阻塞性无精子症（ＯＡＳ）的效果，自１９９６年１月￣１９９７年３月采用附睾切开取精，结合体外卵浆内显微注射受精、胚胎移植方法治疗ＯＡＳ患者１５例。结果显示：附睾精子受精率达５９．６％，临床妊娠率为２６．７％（４／１５），提示ＥＳ－ＩＣＳＩ是治疗ＯＡＳ的有效方法。     

比较金黄地鼠和人卵浆内单精子注射技术受精率

卵浆内单精子注射技术（ｉｎｔｒａｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｓｐｅｒｍｉｎｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ，ＩＣＳＩ）１９９２年后已广泛应用于治疗严重的男性不孕患者，平均受精率可达６５％～７０％。但仍有大约１／３的卵在ＩＣＳＩ后未能受精。金黄地鼠ＩＣＳＩ试验（ｈａｍｓｔｅｒ ＩＣＳＩａｓａｙ）可能有助于在临床ＩＣＳＩ治疗前了解精子受精的潜力。为了证明金黄地鼠ＩＣＳＩ和人类ＩＣＳＩ受精率之间的相关性，探索金黄地鼠ＩＣＳＩ能否用为临床ＩＣＳＩ的预试验，本研究采用同一男性不孕患者的精子经显微注射技术在同一天分别注入人和金黄地鼠卵。１６～１８小时后在光镜下观察有无双原核形成（２ ｐｒｏｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ，２ＰＮ）。人卵１１０个其受精率为５８２％（６４／１１０）。金黄地鼠卵１１４个其受精率为１６５％（１４／８０）。经统计学处理，二者无相关性。金黄地鼠ＩＣＳＩ分为两组，Ａ组：无选择地注射了已激活与未激活的卵６３个；Ｂ组：注意选择未激活的卵共５１个。虽经统计学处理无明显差异，但仍可看出Ｂ组的损伤率（１９７±１６６％）低于Ａ组（３５９±５．７％）（Ｐ＝００８）；而Ｂ组的受精率（１８３±１０．９％）略高于Ａ组（１４２±８．７％）（Ｐ＝０?     

不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射治疗结局的影响

目的:分析不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)临床结局的影响.方法:接受ICSI治疗的不育夫妇共进行了286个周期,分为3组,A组(射出精子组):射出精液少弱畸(包括严重少弱畸)精子症186个周期;B组(PESA组):经皮附睾抽吸术(PESA)80个周期;C组(TESE组):睾丸精子获取术(TESE)20个周期,比较其妊娠结局.结果:PESA组受精率明显高于射出精子组和TESE组(88%VS 84%,77%,P<0.01),PESA组的临床妊娠率显著高于射出精子组(47%,33%,P<0.05),射出精子组临床妊娠率高于TESE组,但差异无统计学意义;3组的种植率差异极显著(20.7%,31.4%,13.2%,P<0.01);卵裂率(99%,98%,98%)、流产率(7%,15%,0%)均没有显著差异.结论:PESA来源精子比射出精子组及TESE组的受精率及临床妊娠率有所增高,但TESE和PESA来源精子对临床妊娠率没有影响,射出精子组和TESE组来源精子对临床妊娠率没有影响.对于重度少弱精子症患者和梗阻性无精子症患者,进行ICSI治疗,均有机会获得妊娠.     

单精子卵胞浆内穿刺术治疗男性不育症的探讨(附23例报告)

目的：探讨单精子卵胞浆内穿刺椁（ＩＣＳＩ）治疗严重粗液异常和梗生无精子症所致不育的疗产。方法;对２３例严重精液异常和梗阻性无精子症患者施行ＩＣＳＩ,妇方行常规超促排卵以获取卵子并选择成熟的终卵细胞,同时采用手淫法、经皮附睾穿刺术（ＰＥＳＡ）和睾丸精子获取术（ＴＥＳＥ）以获得精液、附睾及睾丸精子行ＩＣＳＩ。结果：２３例２３个治疗周期共获卵３３２个,其中３００个成熟卵母细胞进行了ＩＣＳＩ,１９３（６４     

外科获取附睾和睾丸精子结合单精子卵胞浆内注射术 治疗梗阻性无精子症不育

单精子卵胞浆内注射术(ＩＣＳＩ)是近年来男性不育症治疗上的重大突破。1999年2月～12月,我们采用外科获取附睾和睾丸精子结合ＩＣＳＩ治疗梗阻性无精子症不育17例(22个周期),获得了9例临床妊娠,现报告如下。1.材料和方法:17例梗阻性无精子症包括6例先天性双侧输精管缺如和11例炎症性附睾梗阻。男、女方的平均年龄分别为325岁和286岁,不育年限2～16年。女方行常规超促排卵[1],阴道Ｂ超下行卵泡抽吸术获卵。取卵当天,男方行经皮附睾精子抽吸术(ＰＥＳＡ)。局部麻醉后,将连接注射器的7号输液针头刺入附睾头部,轻轻按摩附睾头部,抽吸获取附睾液…     

不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射治疗结局的影响

目的分析不同来源精子对卵胞浆内单精子注射术(ICSI)治疗后的胚胎发育及治疗结局的影响。方法回顾性分析来我院行ICSI助孕治疗的144对不育夫妇(共154个周期),其中96个周期(A组,89对夫妇)的精子来源为严重少、弱精子症患者的射出精子,32个周期(B组,30对夫妇)为附睾精子,26个周期(C组,25对夫妇)为睾丸精子。比较三组经ICSI治疗后的2PN率、2PN卵裂率、优质胚胎率、种植率、妊娠率。结果 B组的2PN率、2PN卵裂率、优质胚胎率、妊娠率和种植率与A组相比,均无统计学差异(P0.05);C组2PN率、优质胚胎率低于A组、B组(P0.01),而妊娠率、种植率3组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论尽管睾丸精子行ICSI可能影响受精及早期胚胎发育,但与严重少弱精患者的射出精子及附睾来源的精子行ICSI的妊娠结局没有显著差异。     

精子显微授精技术的研究

本文用透明带下精子显微注射法（ＳＵＺＩ）及细胞质内精子显微注射法（ＩＣＳＩ）进行小鼠显微授精的可行性及影响因素的研究。其中ＳＵＺＩ法的受精率达２９．２％，卵裂率为４２．８％，移植后出生了２只健康仔鼠。小鼠卵对ＩＣＳＩ法操作耐受差，用ＩＣＳＩ法注射移植卵无仔鼠出生。本研究建立了透明带下精子显微注射授精的动物模型，为精子显微注射法应用于临床奠定了基础。     

ICSI周期显微取精术治疗13例AZF微缺失致无精子症的临床研究

目的探讨ICSI周期显微镜下睾丸切开取精术在AZF微缺失致无精子症患者中的临床应用价值。方法对2014年1月至2016年4月在我院生殖医学中心男科就诊并接受ICSI周期显微镜下睾丸切开取精术的13例AZF微缺失致无精子症患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,分析指标主要包括AZF微缺失类型、显微镜下睾丸切开取精术次数、单/双侧睾丸取精、精子获得率、精子可用率、正常受精率、可用胚胎率、优胚率及临床妊娠率。结果 ICSI周期显微镜下睾丸切开取精术的13例AZF微缺失致无精子症患者中,AZF微缺失类型分别为:AZFa区完全缺失1例,AZFc区完全缺失9例,AZFc区部分缺失1例,AZFd区部分缺失1例,AZFc区完全缺失伴AZFd区部分缺失1例。共行ICSI周期显微镜下睾丸切开取精术14例次,其中9例次单侧睾丸取精术,5例次双侧睾丸取精术;精子获得率78.57%,可用率72.73%。行ICSI助孕治疗者的正常受精率61.29%、可用胚胎率71.43%、优胚率40.48%、临床妊娠率57.14%。结论 ICSI周期显微镜下睾丸切开取精术可以使部分AZF微缺失致无精子症患者获得数量足够的精子行ICSI助孕治疗,并能获得良好的正常受精率、可用胚胎率、优胚率及临床妊娠率,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

取卵日连续2次取精在辅助生殖技术中的应用效果

目的:评价取卵日连续2次取精而减少ICSI特别是经皮附睾穿刺抽吸术(PESA)/睾丸细针抽吸术(TESE)周期数在辅助生殖技术中的应用效果。方法:收集取卵日连续2次射精的精液样本(34例68份)。比较前后2次取出的精液分析参数,总结2次精液处理后混合用于授精的实验室结果和临床妊娠结局。结果:34例男性均在4 h内连续手淫取出2次精液。第1和第2次射精时间间隔[94.9±39.8(26~183)]m in。第1次射出精液的量[(2.0±1.4)m l]显著高于第2次射出的量[(1.5±0.9)m l](P=0.007),而第1次射出精液的精子活动率和a+b级精子百分率[(40.8±25.3)%、(30.9±22.4)%]显著低于第2次的[(52.2±21.1)%、(39.9±17.5)%](P<0.05);但是2次取出精液的精子浓度和精子总计数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。34例男性的精液处理后行IVF、ICSI和IVF+ICSI周期分别为28、3、3。其中IVF、ICSI、IVF+ICSI周期的平均获卵数、正常受精率、优质胚胎率、冷冻周期数/新鲜移植周期数分别为15.5±8.7、57.0%(247/433)、58.7%(145/247)、20/24;21.7±8.3、61.5%(40/65)、67.5%(27/40)、3/2;10.0±2.6、72.4%(21/29)、66.7%(14/21)、3/3。新鲜胚胎移植临床妊娠率和冷冻胚胎冻融移植(FET)临床妊娠率分别为34.5%、30.7%。在妊娠例数中14例活产6男9女的健康小孩。结论:取卵日连续2次取精以收集更多数量和/或活动力更好的精子用于辅助生殖技术中可以获得30%以上的临床妊娠率,也可以避免微创取精术和其他不必要的显微受精方式。     

Clinical use of pentoxifylline for activation of immotile testicular sperm before ICSI in patients with azoospermia

The testicular sperm from biopsy and frozen/thawed tissue are frequently immotile. The purpose of our retrospective study was to assess the effect of short exposure of testicular samples with only immotile sperm to pentoxifylline (PF)-sperm motility stimulator. In 77 of 294 (26.2%) testicular sperm ablation/testicular sperm extraction-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESA/TESE-ICSI) cycles in patients with azoospermia, only immotile sperm were found in biopsies even after 2 hours of incubation of tissue in the medium. These 77 cycles were divided into 2 groups. In group 1 (cycles between 1999 and 2001; n = 30), ICSI was performed with untreated immotile sperm. In group 2 (cycles between 2002 and 2004; n = 47), immotile testicular sperm were treated for 20 minutes with pentoxifylline (PF) (1.76 mM) before ICSI. Both groups had the same proportion of ICSI cycles with fresh, frozen/thawed, and aspirated testicular sperm. The overall pregnancy rate of TESA/TESE-ICSI did not vary during the study period. In 45 of 47 (95.7%) testicular samples with total immotility, the sperm started to move 20 minutes after PF treatment. The mean time required for ICSI was shortened in the PF group (30 minutes [minimum 10, maximum 90] vs 120 minutes [minimum 60, maximum 240]) due to easier identification of motile sperm. In comparison with the nontreated group, the PF group had a higher fertilization rate (66% vs 50.9%; P < .005) and mean number of embryos per cycle (4.7 +/- 3.3 vs 2.7 +/- 2.1; P < .01). The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle in PF and non-PF groups was 38.3% and 26.7%, respectively. By using PF in cases of only immotile testicular sperm we can cause movement of testicular sperm, allow easier identification of vital sperm, shorten the procedure, improve fertilization rates, and increase the number of embryos.     

附睾及睾丸精子行ICSI治疗无精子症妊娠结局

目的 :回顾性分析 5 0例无精子症患者利用附睾或睾丸精子行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射 (ICSI)的治疗结局。　方法 :经皮附睾精子抽吸术 (PESA)或睾丸切开取精术 (TESE)获得精子行ICSI,评估取精的成功率 ,ICSI后的受精率、种植率及临床妊娠率 ,以精液精子ICSI组作为对照。　结果 :PESA、TESE与精液精子组分别注射MⅡ期成熟卵子 2 86、36 0、15 6 9个 ,受精率 3组差异无显著性 (74 .8% ,75 .2 %vs 77.5 % ,P >0 .0 5 )。种植率、妊娠率TESE与精液精子组差异无显著性 (2 9.87%vs 2 9.5 4 % ;4 8.15 %vs 5 2 .6 0 % ,P >0 .0 5 ) ,PESA组显著高于TESE组及精液精子组 (5 0 .85 %vs 2 9.87% ,2 9.5 4 % ;6 8%vs 4 8.15 % ,5 2 .6 0 % ,P <0 .0 5 )。PESA组共妊娠 17例 ,已分娩 6例 ,继续妊娠 9例 ,流产 2例 ;TESE组共妊娠 13例 ,已分娩 7例 ,继续妊娠 4例 ,流产 2例。　结论 :采用附睾或睾丸精子行ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的有效方法。     

The outcome of clinical pregnancies following intracytoplasmic sperm injection is not affected by semen quality

Summary.  The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) on pregnancy outcome. For this purpose 279 consecutive intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were retrospectively evaluated and compared to 436 consecutive IVF cycles performed during the same time frame. Group A ( n = 62) included ICSI patients with severe OAT; group B ( n = 217) included patients who underwent ICSI for other indications; and group C ( n = 436) included couples who underwent standard IVF. The mean age of female patients and mean number of embryos transferred were comparable in all groups. No difference was observed regarding implantation, clinical pregnancy, delivery and miscarriage rates between all three groups, but fertilization rate was significantly lower in group A than in groups B and C. It is concluded that couples undergoing ICSI with severe male infertility (OAT) have a slightly reduced fertilization rate but their chances of delivery and pregnancy loss are similar to those of other patients undergoing clinical ICSI and IVF with non-male infertility.     

经皮附睾穿刺取精精子冷冻复苏后卵细胞胞质内单精子注射治疗无精子症的初步研究

目的:回顾性分析27例无精子症患者经皮附睾穿刺取精术(PESA)所获精子冷冻复苏后行卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)治疗后的效果及妊娠结局。方法:将诊断性附睾穿刺以及PESA治疗周期ICSI后所剩余活精子以常规方法加以冷冻,将复苏后找到了足量活精子并行ICSI的病例归为冻精组,而采用新鲜PESA活精子ICSI的病例则归为对照组。比较冻精组与对照组的受精率、种植率、临床妊娠率,同时分析两组间的妊娠并发症、新生儿出生及畸形等情况。结果:冻精组15个周期、对照组100个周期分别注射MⅡ期成熟卵子163、1 157个,受精率冻精组显著高于对照组(84.05%vs73.29%,P<0.05),种植率、临床妊娠率则两组间差异无显著性(23.07%vs15.73%;53.33%vs37.00%,P>0.05),新生儿出生体重差异亦无显著性(P>0.05)。冻精组共妊娠8例,已分娩5例,继续妊娠3例。对照组妊娠37例,已分娩30例,1例死胎;继续妊娠3例;流产4例。两组均未出现重大的妊娠并发症及新生儿畸形。结论:采用PESA冷冻精子ICSI是治疗男性无精子症的一种经济、有效、安全的方法;但PESA冻精复苏率有待于进一步提高。     

In vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is an effective therapy for male factor infertility related to subnormal hypo-osmotic swelling test scores

The aim of the study was to determine if intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) would be an effective therapy for mates with subnormal hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) scores, a condition known to prevent implantation of embryos despite allowing normal fertilization and embryo formation. Couples in whom the male partner had a HOST score of <50% and failed to achieve a pregnancy despite at least 3 cycles of intrauterine insemination with chymotrypsin-galactose-treated sperm were treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) with ICSI. The clinical and viable pregnancy rates were 49.0% and 45.3% (n = 53). The implantation rate was 27.1%. These data thus demonstrate that ICSI is an effective therapy for infertile couples in whom the male partner has a subnormal hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) score. Previous studies using conventional IVF without ICSI when HOS was subnormal found normal fertilization rates but a marked reduction in pregnancy and implantation rates. The very acceptable pregnancy and implantation rates demonstrated in this study with ICSI is consistent with the hypothesis that the defect associated with sperm that have subnormal HOST scores is not related to the single spermatozoon that is responsible for fertilizing the oocyte but may be related to a toxic factor associated with the supernumerary sperm attached to the zona pellucida.     

异常形态精子对植入前胚胎发育和妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨异常形态精子(畸形率≥98%)对植入前胚胎发育及妊娠结局的影响。方法采用回顾性队列研究,分析2017年1~12月在唐都医院妇产科生殖医学中心行ART助孕的2419例患者临床资料,根据异常形态精子分为3组,即IVF对照组(畸形率≤96%,n=2129)、IVF实验组(畸形率≥98%,n=90)和ICSI实验组(畸形率≥98%,n=200)。比较3组间植入前受精失败率(受精率<30%)、正常受精率、可用胚胎率等胚胎发育参数和着床率、临床妊娠率、流产率及活产率等妊娠结局的差异。结果(1)胚胎发育结果:组间比较,IVF实验组受精失败率显著高于IVF对照组(P<0.05),ICSI实验组的受精失败率为0;ICSI实验组正常受精率显著高于IVF对照组和IVF实验组(P<0.05);IVF实验组可用胚胎率显著低于IVF对照组和ICSI实验组(P<0.05)。(2)妊娠结局:单因素分析结果显示,与IVF对照组、ICSI实验组相比,IVF实验组的着床率、临床妊娠率、流产发生率和活产率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);IVF对照组和ICSI实验组组间妊娠结局指标比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(3)Logistic多因素分析显示:IVF实验组的受精失败风险显著高于IVF对照组(P=0.002),可用胚胎率、活产率显著低于IVF对照组(P=0.002);ICSI实验组的正常受精率显著高于IVF对照组(P=0.05)。结论对于活力正常、但异常形态精子率≥98%的患者,采用ICSI授精方式,能降低受精失败风险,提高正常受精率和可用胚胎率,同时提高妊娠率和活产率并降低流产发生率。     

ICSI as an effective therapy for male factor with antisperm antibodies

This study was conducted to evaluate if in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an effective treatment for infertility complicated by the presence in the male partner of sperm autoantibodies. Over a 1-year study period comparisons of fertilization, pregnancy, and implantation rates were made in couples where the male partner was negative or weakly positive for sperm autoantibodies (<50%) (gr 1); autoantibodies were strongly positive (>80%) (gr 2); or autoantibodies were moderately positive (50-80%) (gr 3). Only patients having oocytes fertilized by ICSI were included. The fertilization, clinical pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rate for group 1 (n = 67) was 56, 43, 21, and 14%. Comparable values for group 2 (n = 20) were 55, 40, 23, and 25%, and for group 3 (n = 6) were 63, 33, 23, and 0%. IVF with ICSI demonstrates comparable fertilization, pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rates in female partners of males with and without sperm autoantibodies.     

卵细胞胞质内单精子注射在前次常规体外受精失败病例中的应用

目的:探讨卵细胞胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)是否可以改善由于受精障碍导致不孕病例的妊娠结局。方法:回顾性分析2002年1月~2004年12月由于第1周期的常规体外受精(IVF)治疗中卵子完全不受精或受精率≤20%,而在随后的治疗周期中采取ICSI方法受精的20个病例(共22个周期,研究组)的ICSI治疗结局。对照组为同期因男方少弱精子进行第1次ICSI治疗的连续100个周期。结果:与前次IVF相比,经ICSI治疗后受精率从5.4%显著提高至76.9%(χ2=264.66,P<0.001),但研究组中低受精患者经ICSI治疗后的受精率67.9%,明显低于对照组的77.5%(χ2=5.18,P<0.05)和研究组中完全不受精患者的84.2%(χ2=8.97,P<0.05)。研究组中完全不受精患者的妊娠率和胚胎种植率分别为57.1%和40.5%,均高于对照组的35.0%和18.9%,但仅胚胎种植率的差异有显著性意义(χ2=8.80,P<0.01)。结论:ICSI可以有效地克服受精障碍,提高受精率,并且可明显改善妊娠结局。