腹腔镜对比开腹远端胰腺切除术治疗胰腺导管腺癌的Meta分析

目的对比腹腔镜及开腹远端胰腺切除术治疗胰腺导管腺癌(pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,PDAC)的疗效及安全性。方法检索2020年10月前公开发表的比较腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术(laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy,LDP)与开腹远端胰腺切除术(open distal pancreatectomy,ODP)治疗PDAC的临床研究。经过筛选,对纳入文献进行质量评价及数据提取,然后使用review manager(RevMan)5.3软件进行统计分析。结果共计15项研究,5343例患者纳入本研究(LDP组1396例,ODP组3947例)。LDP组的术中出血量低[加权均数差(weighted mean difference,WMD)=-112.44,95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):-193.06~-31.82,P=0.006]、输血率低(OR=0.33,95%CI:0.23~0.49,P<0.00001)、住院时间短(WMD=-3.35,95%CI:-4.57~-2.13,P<0.00001)、R0切除率高(OR=1.30,95%CI:1.04~1.64,P=0.02)、3年生存率高(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.76~0.92,P=0.0004)以及5年生存率高(HR=0.82,95%CI:0.74~0.92,P=0.0008)。结论治疗胰体尾部PDAC时,LDP相较于ODP在术中出血量、输血率以及住院时间方面更具有优势,同时也有着不弱于ODP的肿瘤学结局。鉴于本研究的局限性,此结果仍需要大样本前瞻性随机对照研究证实。     

"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法预防术后胰瘘的研究

目的探讨"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2018年12月间,于大连大学附属中山医院行胰十二指肠切除术的70例患者的临床资料。根据选择胰肠吻合方式的不同分为观察组(45例)和对照组(25例)。观察组采用"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法,对照组采用"胰管对空肠黏膜"胰肠吻合法。该70例手术均由同一团队完成。比较并分析两组患者手术用时及术后并发症发生率的差异。结果两组患者一般资料及术中观察情况的差异无统计学意义。对照组手术用时(4.28±1.10)h,观察组(3.62±0.76)h,两组间差异有统计学意义(t=2.942,P=0.004)。对照组术后胰瘘7例(28.0%),其中6例B级胰瘘,1例C级胰瘘;观察组术后胰瘘3例(6.7%),均为B级胰瘘。术后腹腔内出血对照组6例(24.0%),观察组7例(15.6%);术后腹腔内感染对照组8例(32.0%),观察组8例(17.8%);术后胃瘫对照组3例(12.0%),观察组4例(8.9%)。两组比较,术后胰瘘发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.358,P=0.037),其余并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论"荷包背带裤式"胰肠吻合法具有操作简单快捷、适用范围较广、吻合牢靠安全等优点,在缩短手术时间及降低术后胰瘘方面有一定优势。     

胰十二指肠切除术胰肠吻合技术与胰瘘预防策略研究现状

胰十二指肠切除术(PD)是治疗胰头和壶腹周围恶性肿瘤、部分良性疾病以及癌前病变的标准术式,胰肠吻合相关术后胰瘘(POPF)是该手术导致不良后果的重要原因之一,给患者及其家庭造成巨大痛苦和经济损失。现有研究表明,POPF可能是多种因素共同作用的结果,其中胰肠吻合方式是其独立危险因素之一,也是外科医师可控制的重要因素之一。但现经报道的胰肠吻合术式虽已过百种,但均不能回避POPF,均未得到完全认可。因此胰腺外科医师仍致力于寻找一种更为可靠的胰肠吻合。现如今,国内外学者不仅从未停止对于胰肠吻合的探索,在开发其他预防胰瘘措施方面,也在不懈努力。基于以上背景,笔者就胰肠吻合技术现状和POPF预防策略进行综述,旨在减少POPF的危害。     

The use of pancreatic ductoscopy in the operative management of benign and malignant pancreatic disorders

Direct visualization of the pancreatic duct was helpful in decision making during complex pancreaticobiliary operations. Two-, 3-, or 5-mm scopes were introduced into the pancreatic ducts of 32 patients with pancreatic disorders. Scopes were passed into the ductal system of: (1) 16 patients undergoing pancreaticojejunostomy; (2) six patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy; (3) four patients with pancreatic pseudocysts or choledochal cysts: (4) two patients undergoing resection of the pancreatic tail; and (5) two patients undergoing accessory ductoplasty for pancreas divism or stricture. Eight patients had calculi removed utilizing the scope, and multiple strictures were identified and filleted. Pancreatic ductoscopy was used in two patients to document successful sphincteroplasty of an accessory duct. In two instances benign pancreatic duct tumors were removed. Pancreatic ductoscopy was used to search for coexistent duct neoplasms in the eight patients who underwent resection. The technique permits intraoperative inspection, biopsy, and removal of lesions intrinsic to the ductal system. Combined with surgical procedures this endoscopic method proved a useful adjunct in difficult cases.     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术预防胰瘘35例体会

目的探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰肠吻合口瘘(胰瘘)的临床价值。方法回顾性分析我院2003年10月～2006年12月行捆绑式胰肠吻合术预防胰瘘35例的临床资料。结果全组无一例发生胰瘘。结论捆绑式胰肠吻合术操作简便,安全可靠,值得临床推广。     

Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts in children

Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPSs) are common sequelae of pancreatitis and pancreatic trauma. The management is based upon the pseudocyst size and presence of symptoms. Those requiring intervention are often drained using several available options. The use of laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for large and recurrent PPSs has been described in adult patients as a less morbid alternative to open drainage procedures. This technique is considered a novel approach in children.We describe 2 children who had PPSs amenable to laparoscopic cystogastrostomy. The first was an 11-year-old girl who had blunt abdominal trauma from a bicycle handlebar. The second patient was a 7-year-old girl who developed idiopathic pancreatitis. Briefly, 2 ports were placed through the anterior abdominal and gastric walls, and into the lumen of the stomach. This intraluminal placement provided access to the posterior gastric wall. Using electrocautery diathermy, an incision was made through the posterior gastric wall and into the adjacent pseudocyst to obtain complete and unobstructed drainage. Both children tolerated the procedures well with resolution of their PPSs. The patients were each discharged on the fourth postoperative day and have been asymptomatic on 2 years follow-up.Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy is a safe and effective alternative to open cystogastrostomy for the minimally invasive management of PPSs in the pediatric population.     

腹腔镜经胃胰腺坏死组织清除术

微创胰腺坏死组织清除在临床开展日益增多,包括腹腔镜、肾镜及消化内镜均可用作微创治疗的手段。腹腔镜经胃胰腺坏死组织清除术适用于紧贴胃后壁的以积液为主的包裹性胰腺坏死。手术中打开胃前壁,使用术中超声及穿刺定位后,切开胃后壁,吸净积液,使用Endo-GIA完成胃后壁—囊肿壁吻合。在腹腔镜监视下,经吻合口进入脓腔,清除坏死组织,将坏死组织置入消化道,使用Endo-GIA或缝合关闭胃前壁切口。     

腹腔镜在先天性胆管扩张症中的应用

目的：总结腹腔镜手术诊治先天性胆管扩张症（congenital biliary dilatation,CBD）的经验,评价腹腔镜肝外扩张胆管切除、肝管空肠吻合术的可行性及安全性。方法：回顾2002~2010年腹腔镜手术治疗106例CBD患者的临床资料,分析其手术技术、围手术期并发症及随访情况。结果：62例胆总管呈囊状扩张、44例呈梭形扩张。其中,83例行术中胆道造影,77例显示胰胆管合流异常。103例成功完成腹腔镜手术,3例中转开腹,其中1例囊肿巨大,1例Ⅲ型囊肿损伤十二指肠,1例合并炎性血管瘤出血。24例伴有肝内胆管局限性扩张（IV-A型）同时行肝门胆管狭窄段切开或切除扩大成形术。手术时间平均（214.9±58.3）min,术后平均住院（7.7±2.3）d。围手术期发生并发症8例,1例术中门静脉损伤,5例暂时性胆漏,1例胆支空肠袢扭转,1例应激性溃疡。随访6个月~8年,1例发生肝门吻合口狭窄行二次手术解除,1例术后切口疝经手术修复,2例肠梗阻经保守治疗后缓解。余者恢复良好。结论：腹腔镜术中胆胰管造影可确定CBD类型及胆胰管合流情况,腹腔镜提供的视野放大效果有助于根除病变、避免损伤胆胰管连接部和矫治肝门胆管狭窄,腹腔镜手术可安全地施行并取得满意效果。     

改良胰肠吻合方式对胰十二指肠切除术后患者胰瘘的影响及影响因素分析

目的观察改良胰肠吻合方式对胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后患者并发症的影响,分析胰瘘的影响因素。 方法回顾分析2014年1月至2018年6月行PD的62例患者资料,按照胰肠吻合方式分为两组,改良组27例患者采用水平褥式捆绑吻合法,传统组35例患者采用挂线吻合法。数据采用SPSS 15.0统计,并发症发生率采用χ²检验;术中各项指标采用( ±s)描述,采用独立t检验;单因素分析用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法,多因素分析用Logistic回归分析法,P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。 结果改良组患者手术时间、住院时间比传统组少(P<0.05);改良组患者术后胰瘘发生率(7.41%),明显小于传统组(P<0.05);单因素结果显示：病变部位为十二指肠、胰管直径≤3 mm、胰腺质地较软和胰肠吻合采用挂线吻合是PD术后胰瘘的危险因素(P<0.05)。经多因素分析发现,胰管直径(<3 mm)、病变部位(十二指肠)是PD术后胰瘘的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。 结论改良胰肠吻合方式能有效减少PD术后患者胰瘘发生率,缩短手术时间及住院时间。     

Management of children with pancreatic head mass

The management of children with a mass in the head of the pancreas is not well defined. The medical records of 3 children with obstructive jaundice because of a mass in the head of the pancreas over a 4-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography showed intrahepatic and extrahepatic ductal dilatation and a pancreatic mass. Intraoperative frozen section revealed no evidence of malignancy. These patients were separately managed by pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, cholecystectomy and Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy, common duct exploration, and T-tube drainage. The final pathology of the pancreatic head mass in all cases demonstrated chronic pancreatitis. Follow-up at an average of 7 months postoperatively showed no recurrence of obstructive jaundice. Unlike adults with a mass in the head of the pancreas, it is recommended that children with similar presentation should undergo biopsy and biliary diversion rather than resection as the primary therapy. Adults presenting with similar radiologic and clinical features would be treated by a pancreaticoduodenectomy in the absence of histologic evidence of malignancy. This series would suggest histologic conformation should be obtained before radical surgery in children.     

改良套入式胰肠端端吻合对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的影响

目的 探讨改良套入式胰肠端端吻合对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的影响.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2011年1月山东省肿瘤医院施行396例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料.根据吻合方式分为2组:改良组235例,经典组161例.两组患者均由同一术者带领的医疗小组完成手术,消化道重建以Child吻合为基本术式.改良组采用改良套入式胰肠端端吻合,经典组采用经典套入式胰肠端端吻合,两组患者在术中及术后的处理均相同.比较两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后胰瘘和住院时间.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验,胰瘘的分析采用Fisher确切概率法.结果 改良组和经典组患者术中平均出血量、平均手术时间、平均住院时间分别为(383 ±56)ml、(7.2±1.0)h、(21 ±3)d和(381±39)ml、(7.0±0.5)h、(22 ±5)d,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.388,1.680,± 1.835,P＞0.05).396例患者均无手术死亡发生,胰瘘总发生率为7.6％(30/396).改良组患者术后无一例胰瘘发生,经典组患者术后发生胰瘘30例(胰肠吻合口瘘4例、单纯性胰瘘26例),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经典组中发生胰瘘的患者通过保持引流通畅、使用生长抑素及胃肠外营养等保守治疗后痊愈.结论 改良套入式胰肠端端吻合能显著降低胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的发生率.     

腹腔镜远端胰腺切除的临床应用

目的 总结腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术的临床应用与手术技巧.方法 回顾性分析腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术治疗胰体尾肿瘤10例的临床资料.结果 10例胰体尾肿瘤中8例成功完成腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术,其中1例为保脾远端胰腺切除术,中转开腹手术2例,1例因胰腺癌侵及周围脏器,1例因术中出血.腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术平均手术时间为141±35 min(95～195 min),平均出血263±151 ml(100～600 ml),术后平均住院7±1 d(5～9 d),全部患者均治愈.术后病理诊断实性假乳头状瘤4例、黏液性囊腺瘤3例、胰岛细胞瘤1例,胰腺导管腺癌2例.结论 腹腔镜远端胰腺切除术最佳适应证是胰腺体尾部良性肿瘤及早期恶性肿瘤,具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少的优点,是治疗胰体尾良性肿瘤及早期恶性肿瘤的安全有效的微创疗法.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical applications and surgical technique of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP). Method The clinical data of 10 cases of pancreatic body and tail tumors undergoing laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) was successfully undertaken in 8 cases (including spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy in one case ). Intraoperatively two cases were converted to open surgery because of peripancreatic organs involvement by cancer in one case and massive bleeding in another case during laparoscopic procedures. The average operation time of LDP was 141 ± 35 min (95 -195 min),mean blood loss was 263 ± 151 ml( 100 -600 ml), average postoperative hospital stay was 7 ± 1 days (5 -9 days ). There was no major postoperative complications and no mortality. Final pathology was solid psedopapillary tumor in 4 cases, mucinous cystadenoma in 3 cases and islet cell tumor in 1 case, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in 2 cases, hence 80% of tumors were benign. Conclusions LDP is indicated for benign body and tail pancreatic tumors and early malignant tumor of pancreatic body and tail. Being less traumatic, and fewer complications, LDP is a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapy.     

改良式胰管空肠黏膜吻合术对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的影响

目的探讨改良式胰管空肠黏膜吻合术对胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析78例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。胰肠吻合采用改良式胰管空肠黏膜吻合术(改良组)和传统胰空肠端侧吻合术(传统组)两种术式,分别观察两组术后胰瘘发生的情况及临床效果。结果改良组48例,术后出现并发症5例(10.4%),其中胰瘘1例(2.1%);传统组30例术后出现并发症11例(36.7%),其中胰瘘5例(16.7%),1例死于术后胰瘘并发腹腔感染、出血。其余患者均痊愈出院。结论改良式胰管空肠黏膜吻合术应用于胰十二指肠切除术中,术后胰瘘的发生率低,是预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的较好方法。     

置入式胰肠吻合对减少腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的临床价值分析：附69例报告

背景与目的:胰瘘是胰腺术后常见的并发症,可以导致腹腔出血、腹腔感染,甚至可导致患者死亡。腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除术(LPD)作为目前广泛开展的胰腺手术方式,相比传统的开腹手术具有住院时间短、较低失血量和较高长期总体生存率的优势,但仍然有较高的术后胰瘘发生率。消化道重建中的胰肠吻合与术后出血、胰瘘等严重并发症密切相关,也是目前被重点关注和不断改进的节点。目前众多的胰肠吻合方式中,胰腺导管对空肠黏膜吻合是国际上广泛认可的胰腺吻合方式,然而LPD过程中行胰腺导管对空肠黏膜吻合技术难度大,术后胰瘘风险仍然高。置入式胰肠吻合法是笔者团队经过多年的探索,建立的一种新的胰肠吻合方式,本研究讨该方法对减少LPD术后胰瘘发生的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月—2018年12月期间由同一手术小组施行的采用置入式胰肠吻合的69行LPD术患者临床资料。收集患者的一般资料(年龄、性别)、围手术期相关指标(总手术时间、胰肠吻合时间、术中失血量及术后胰瘘、胆汁漏、出血、腹腔感染等并发症、病理结果)并进行分析。结果:所有69例患者均顺利完成LPD,4例联合门静脉/肠系膜上静脉切除和(或)修补。总手术时间为(264.5±27.2)min,胰肠吻合时间为(25.7±7.2)min,术中出血(85.5±19.5)mL。术后发生胰瘘2例(2.9%),包括B、C级瘘各1例;术后胆汁漏1例(1.4%),经加强营养及抑制消化液分泌等非手术治疗后愈合;术后腹腔出血2例(2.8%),1例经过静脉输入止血药、输血治疗后获得止血效果,1例经过静脉输入止血药、输血及介入治疗后获得止血效果;1例(1.5%)出现腹腔感染,和胰瘘相关,通过调整腹腔引流管和腹腔穿刺置管引流后痊愈。术后平均住院时间为(15.7±1.3)d。术后病理结果显示,胰头癌23例,胰腺浆液性囊腺瘤6例,胰腺实性假乳头状瘤3例,胰腺导管内乳头状黏液肿瘤1例,十二指肠乳头癌21例,壶腹癌7例,胆总管末端癌8例。结论:置入式胰肠吻合法可以有效降低LPD后胰瘘的发生率及相关并发症的发生率,更符合腹腔镜下操作,是一种可靠的胰肠吻合方法,推荐临床推广应用。     

A new technique of polypropylene mesh-reinforced pancreaticojejunostomy

Anastomotic leakage of pancreaticojejunostomy is a common problem and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreatic resection. An appropriate technique to minimize pancreatic leakage is very important. Recently we have performed a safe and simple mesh-reinforced pancreaticojejunostomy, by which a strip of polypropylene mesh is wrapped around the pancreatic stump in order to secure the end-to-end pancreaticojejunal anastomosis. No leakage developed in all 10 patients who received this procedure.     

贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术

目的 评价一种新的胰肠吻合方法的可行性和安全性.方法 总结该院普外科2005年5月至2010年11月间46例应用贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术行胰肠吻合的临床经验和手术方法.结果 贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术胰断端空肠仅需贯穿缝合6～8针.全组46例均无出现胰肠吻合口漏和吻合口出血.结论 应用贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合术行胰肠吻合操作安全、简单、吻合可靠,值得推荐.     

胰十二指肠切除术后不同胰肠吻合方式的效果与评价

目的比较胰十二指肠切除术后三种不同胰肠吻合方式的胰肠吻合口瘘发生率,探讨实施不同吻合方式的适用条件及其合理性。方法回顾性分析92例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。按吻合方式不同分为捆绑式胰肠吻合组(A组)、胰管对空肠粘膜端侧吻合组(B组)和套入式端侧吻合组(C组),观察其术后胰瘘的发生率。结果胰肠吻合口瘘的发生率为:A组1例(1/41,2.44%);B组无胰肠吻合口瘘发生;C组3例(3/19,15.79%)。A、B两组间胰肠吻合口瘘发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05);C组胰肠吻合口瘘发生率显著高于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胰管对空肠粘膜吻合法和捆绑式吻合法均为较安全的胰肠吻合方法。在条件许可下,胰管对粘膜吻合法应作为胰十二指肠切除术首选的胰肠吻合方法。     

胰十二指肠切除术胰肠重建的基本要求和吻合方式选择

胰瘘是胰十二指肠切除术后最常见的并发症,围绕预防胰瘘的研究仍然是外科医生关注的一个焦点.胰十二指肠切除术后,胰肠吻合通道的重建方式、手术医生的临床经验和技巧与术后胰瘘的发生密切相关.在复习了大量临床报道之后,结合本人的经验,笔者对半个多世纪来各种吻合方式以及新近开展的吻合技术进行了评价,阐述了胰肠吻合通道重建的基本要求和共同原则;比较了常用胰肠吻合方式的优、缺点,提出了各种吻合方式的相对适应证,强调了提高胰肠吻合通道的手术技巧的重要性和相关注意点.