Photorefractive keratectomy after cataract surgery in uncommon cases: long-term results

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the excimer laser correction of the residual refractive errors after cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in uncommon cases. METHODS: Totally 24 patients with high residual refractive error after cataract surgery with IOL implantation were examined. Twenty-two patients had a history of phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, and two had extra-capsular cataract extraction with IOL implantation. Detailed examination of preoperative medical records was done to explain the origin of the post-cataract refractive errors. All patients underwent photorefractire keratectomy (PRK) enhancement. The mean outcome measures were refraction, uncorretted visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal transparency and follow up ranged from 1 to 8y. RESULTS: The principal causes of residual ametropia was inexact IOL calculation in abnormal eyes with high myopia and congenital lens abnormalities, followed by corneal astigmatism both suture induced and preexisting. After cataract surgery and before the laser enhancement the mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -0.56±3 D ranging from -4.62 to +2.25 D in high myopic patients, instead it was -1±1.73 D ranging from -3.25 to +3.75 D in the astigmatic eyes, with a mean cylinder of -3.75±0 ranging from -3 to +5.50 D. After laser refractive surgery the mean SE was 0.1±0.73, ranging from -0.50 to +1.50 in the myopic group, and it was -0.50±0.57 ranging from -1.25 to +0.50 in astigmatic patients, with a mean cylinder of -0.25±0.75. In myopic patients the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.038±0.072 logMAR and 0.018±0.04 respectively, both ranging from 0.10 to 0.0. In astigmatic patients, the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.213±0.132 and 0.00±0.0 respectively, UCVA ranging from 0.50 to 0.22 and BCVA was 0.00. All patients presented normal corneal transparency. No ocular hypertension was detected and no corneal haze was observed. All registered values remained stable also at the end line evaluation. CONCLUSION: The excimer laser treatment of residual refractive errors after cataract surgery with IOL implantation in abnormal eyes resulted in satisfactory and stable visual outcome with good safety and efficacy.     

【In Press】 Five-year follow-up of combined non-topography guided photorefractive keratectomy and corneal collagen cross linking for keratoconus

AIM: To evaluate the visual outcomes of simultaneous non-topography guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in eyes with keratoconus 5 y after the procedure. METHODS: Prospective, interventional, non-randomized, and non-controlled case series design was used. Sixty eyes of 30 patients (16 males and 14 females; age: 21-41y) with mild, non-progressive (stages 1-2) keratoconus were enrolled. Refraction, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, flat and steep keratometry (K) readings, and adverse events were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 3-months, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year follow-up visits after combined non-topography-guided PRK with CXL was performed. All patients had at least 5y of follow-up. RESULTS: All study parameters showed a statistically significant improvement at 5y over baseline values. The mean follow-up time was 68.20±4.71mo (range: 60-106mo). Patients showed a significant improvement in UDVA from 1.24±0.00 logMAR prior to combined non-TG-PRK+CXL to 0.06±0.00 logMAR postoperatively at the time of their last follow-up visit. CDVA significantly increased from 0.06±0.00 logMAR preoperatively to 0.03±0.00 logMAR postoperatively. A significant decrease in the mean spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was observed from -2.28±1.8 to -0.79±0.93 diopters (D) (P<0.05), and the mean cylinder decreased from -1.628±0.76 (preoperative) to -0.25±0 (postoperative) (P=0.001). The mean keratometry was 45.13±0.00 vs 47.28±0.00 D preoperatively (P<0.05), and the manifest astigmatism significantly decreased from -1.63±0.76 to -0.25±0 (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Combined non-topography-guided PRK with 15min is an effective and safe option for correcting mild refractive error and improving visual acuity in patients with mild stable keratoconus.     

Toric人工晶状体植入矫正老年性白内障合并角膜散光的疗效

目的：探讨老年性白内障合并角膜散光行超声乳化摘除联合Toric人工晶状体植入的临床效果,比较Acrysof Toric人工晶状体植入前后的视觉质量。

方法：选择老年性白内障合并角膜散光的患者34例为研究对象,进行白内障超声乳化摘除联合Toric人工晶状体植入,观察术前和术后3mo的临床效果,包括裸眼视力(UCVA),最佳矫正视力(BCVA),全眼残余散光,人工晶状体转动度数,视远脱镜情况。

结果：所有患者Toric人工晶状体均成功植入。术前UCVA 0.15±0.06,术后UCVA上升至0.65±0.15(P<0.01); 术前BCVA 0.37±0.13,术后BCVA上升至0.85±0.19(P<0.01); 全眼散光由术前2.14±0.69D降低至0.73±0.36D(P<0.01),97%的患者人工晶状体转位<5°,平均旋转2.6°±1.3°,术后3mo视远脱镜率达95%。

结论：Toric人工晶状体能够有效矫正白内障合并的角膜散光,晶状体在囊袋内具有良好的稳定性,提高了患者的术后视觉质量。     

Using LaserSight Astrapro Planner 2.2 Z software in corneal topography-guidedlaser in situ keratomileusis for myopia with asymmetric corneal shape

AIM: To determine the clinical outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) treatments using LaserSight AstraPro Planner 2.2 Z software for myopia with asymmetric corneal shape.METHODS:Four hundred and eighty-five eyes [243 patients; spherical equivalent (SE), -5.93±1.88 diopters (D)] were treated with asymmetric ablations using LaserSight SLX laser (version 5.3, 300Hz) were retrospectively analyzed and LaserSight AstraPro Planner 2.2 Z software. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuities (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, pachymetry, and corneal asphericity (Q value) and decentration were evaluated. RESULTS:At 12mo postoperatively, the decimal UCVA was 1.0 or better in 449 (92.6%) eyes. Two eyes (0.4%) lost 1 line of the decimal best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), 316 (65.2%) did not change, 149 (30.7%) gained 1 line, and 18 (3.7%) gained 2 lines or more after surgery. Three hundred and thirty-two eyes (68.5%) were within 0.5 D in SE. The mean tissue saving ablation depth was 4.28±2.86 (0-16) μm (median, 4 μm). The mean attempted remaining central corneal thickness was 435.79±29.56 μm, the mean postoperative pachymetry was 444.94±28.93 μm. The mean preoperative Q value was -0.19±0.18, the postoperative was 0.30±0.48 (P=0.000). The mean postoperative decentration was 0.39±0.19 mm. CONCLUSION:Topography-guided LASIK with AstraPro Planner 2.2 Z custom ablation planning software in an asymmetric ablation mode was an effective, safe, predictable, and stable refractive procedure for the myopia with asymmetric corneal topography.     

角膜地形图引导的去瓣Epi-LASIK治疗外伤性角膜散光的研究

目的：评估对外伤性角膜散光患者施行角膜地形图引导的去瓣准分子激光角膜上皮瓣下磨镶术(epipolis laser in situ keratomileusi,Epi-LASIK)术后患者视觉质量的改善情况。

方法：前瞻性临床病例研究。连续收集2012-07/2013-12期间不规则角膜散光患者21例21眼,施行角膜地形图引导的去瓣Epi-LASIK术,观察术前及术后1,6mo患者裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、对比敏感度,记录术后3d角膜上皮愈合面积、患者主观疼痛评分。

结果：术后1mo,裸眼视力(uncorrected visual acuity,UCVA)及最佳眼镜矫正视力(best spectacle-corrected visual acuity,BSCVA)较术前均显著提高(t=15.703,4.351,P<0.05); 术后6mo,UCVA较术后1mo提高,差异有统计学意义(t=6.867,P<0.05),术后6mo,BSCVA与术后1mo比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.497,P=0.140)。平均等效球镜度与平均柱镜度分别由术前的-2.43±3.02,-1.86±2.23D,下降至术后6mo的-0.23±0.49,-0.46±1.03D(P<0.05)。术后1mo,4种空间频率对比敏感度与术前相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后6mo,除了3c/d空间频率,其余3种空间频率对比敏感度与术前相比均明显提高(P<0.05)。患者术后3d角膜上皮愈合面积为92.46%±8.24%(80%～100%),术后7d所有患者均100%愈合,平均上皮愈合时间为3.50±1.56d。术后3,7d主观疼痛评分分别为1.54±1.32,0.04±0.64。

结论：角膜地形图引导的去瓣Epi-LASIK可以安全、有效地矫正外伤性角膜散光; 改善患者的对比敏感度视力,提高患者的视觉质量。     

Efficacy of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics intraocular lens implantation for surgical management of microspherophakia

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for surgical management of microspherophakia. METHODS: A retrospective case series include 10 microspherophakic patients (15 eyes) who underwent lens removal plus a modified surgical treatment of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics IOL implantation. The primary outcomes involved visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP). Secondary outcomes were spherical equivalent (SE), anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal endothelial cell density and postoperative complications. RESULTS: After a postoperative follow-up of 17.60±15.44mo, improved visual outcomes can be observed. The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA) logMAR improved from 1.54±0.59 preoperatively to 0.51±0.35 postoperatively (P=0.001), and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) logMAR improved from 0.97±0.91 preoperatively to 0.24±0.23 postoperatively (P=0.003). Moreover, the SE decreased from -9.58±7.47D preoperatively to -0.65±2.21 D postoperatively (P<0.001). In terms of safety profile, the average IOP decreased from 21.10±12.94 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.03±3.57 mm Hg postoperatively (P=0.044), and the previously elevated IOP of three eyes decreased to the normal range. The ACD increased from 2.25±1.45 mm preoperatively to 3.35±0.39 mm postoperatively (P=0.017). The density of corneal endothelial cells did not change significantly after surgery (P=0.140). The posterior chamber IOLs were well centered and no severe complications were found. CONCLUSION: Lens removal plus the modified surgical treatment of scleral-fixated 3-looped haptics IOL implantation can help in improvement of visual acuity, which can be regarded as a relative safe method for the surgical management of microspherophakia.     

经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术治疗不规则角膜散光的视觉质量观察

目的观察对不规则角膜散光患者施行角膜地形图引导的经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术后患者视觉质量的改善情况。方法非随机前瞻性临床研究。收集不规则角膜散光患者12例（15眼）,施行角膜地形图引导的经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术,观察术前及术后1个月、3个月患者UCVA、BCVA、屈光状态、对比敏感度,记录术后角膜haze出现的时间与分级,以及安全性、有效性指数。数据采用重复样本的方差分析进行比较。结果①UCVA均值术前为4.11±0.28,到术后3个月提高至4.88±0.16（F=36.706,P＜0.05）;BCVA均值术前为4.86±0.08,到术后个3月提高至4.98±0.09（F=5.075,P＜0.05）,且无一眼视力较术前下降;手术治疗的安全性指数为1.025,有效性指数为1.004。②术前平均等效球镜度与平均柱镜度分别由术前的（-3.73±4.62）D、（-1.71±1.43）D,下降至术后3个月的（-0.03±0.09）D（F=-4.034,P＜0.05）、（-0.38±1.14）D,（F=-9.192,P＜0.05）。③术后3个月3、6、12 c/d 3种空间频率对比敏感度与术前相比均明显提高（P＜0.05）。④术后1个月haze出现2例,到术后3个月时全部消退。结论角膜地形图引导的经上皮准分子激光角膜切削术可以有效矫正不规则角膜散光;改善不规则角膜散光患者的对比敏感度,提高患者视觉质量。     

【In Press】Photorefractive keratectomy after cataract surgery in uncommon cases. Long-term results

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the excimer laser correction of the residual refractive errors after cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in uncommon cases. METHODS: 24 patients with high residual refractive error after cataract surgery with IOL implantation were examined. Twenty-two patients had a history of phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, and two had extra-capsular cataract extraction with IOL implantation. Detailed examination of preoperative medical records was done to explain the origin of the post-cataract refractive errors. All patients underwent PRK enhancement. The mean outcome measures were refraction, UCVA, BCVA and corneal transparency and follow up ranged from 1 to 8y. RESULTS: The principal causes of residual ametropia was inexact IOL calculation in abnormal eyes with high myopia and congenital lens abnormalities, followed bycorneal astigmatism both suture induced and preexisting. After cataract surgery and before the laser enhancement the mean SE was -0.56±3 D ranging from -4.62 to +2.25 D in high myopic patients, instead it was -1±1.73 D ranging from -3.25 to +3.75 D in the astigmatic eyes, with a mean cylinder of -3.75±0 ranging from -3 to +5.50. After laser refractive surgery the mean SE was 0.1±0.73, ranging from -0.50 to +1.50 in the myopic group, and it was -0.50 ±0.57 ranging from -1.25 to +0.50 in astigmatic patients, with a mean cylinder of -0.25 ±0.75. In myopic patients the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.038 Log MAR ±0.072 and 0.018 ±0.04 respectively, both ranging from 0.10 to 0.0. In astigmatic patients, the mean UCVA and BCVA were 0.213±0.132 and 0.00±0.0 respectively: UCVA ranging from 0.50 to 0.22 and BCVA was 0.00. All patients presented normal corneal transparency. No ocular hypertension was detected and no corneal haze was observed. All registered values remained stable also at the end line evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The excimer laser treatment of residual refractive errors after cataract surgery with IOL implantation in abnormal eyes resulted in satisfactory and stable visual outcome with good safety and efficacy.     

Toric intraocular lens for correction of high corneal astigmatism in cataract patients

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of Bi-Flex toric intraocular lens (T-IOL; Medicontur, Medical Engineering, Ltd., Inc.) implantation to correct preexisting astigmatism in patients having cataract surgery. METHODS: This retrospective consecutive study included 22 eyes of 16 patients with more than 2.50 diopters (D) of corneal preexisting astigmatism having cataract. Preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), objective and subjective refraction and keratometric and topographic cylinder were measured. Postoperative the toric IOL axis was evaluated using vector analysis. RESULTS: Postoperatively, subjective refractive cylinder was reduced significant (P<0.05) from 4.05±1.53 D to 1.35±0.86 D. The component J0 reduced in magnitude from -0.81±2.02 D to -0.12±0.62 D (P<0.05). Both, UCVA and BCVA improved significantly at 1mo after surgery (P<0.05 in both cases). After the surgery, the UCVA and BCVA were 0.24±0.19 and 0.06±0.08, respectively. The mean toric IOL axis rotation was 2.95±5.25 degree, with rotation less than 10 degrees in 86.36% of eyes. No differences in mean keratometric values obtained before and after surgery were found (P>0.05 for J0 and J45). CONCLUSION: Implantation of the Bi-Flex toric IOL is a safe and effective method to correct the preexisting regular astigmatism (greater than 2.50D).     

Intrastromal ring segment insertion using a femtosecond laser to correct pellucid marginal corneal degeneration

PURPOSE: To assess the outcomes of intrastromal ring segment (Intacs, Addition Technology) implantation using a femtosecond laser in patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration. SETTING: Kudret Eye Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: In this retrospective noncomparative case series, 9 eyes of 6 patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration had implantation of Intacs segments by a femtosecond laser technique. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included slitlamp examination, uncorrected (UCVA) and best corrected (BCVA) visual acuities, and keratometry by a Pentacam Scheimpflug camera (Oculus Opticgerate GmbH). All parameters were reviewed within 6 months. RESULTS: Intacs were successfully implanted in all eyes. The UCVA significantly improved from preoperatively to 6 months after Intacs implantation (mean 0.18 +/- 0.24 [SD] and 0.53 +/- 0.23, respectively). The mean difference between the preoperative and postoperative UCVA was 3.5 +/- 1.6 lines (P = .008). The BCVA also significantly improved from preoperatively to 6 months after implantation (mean 0.63 +/- 0.26 and 0.85 +/- 0.18 at 6 months, respectively). The Snellen BCVA was 1.0 in 5 eyes postoperatively. The mean difference between preoperative and postoperative BCVA was 2.3 +/- 51 lines (P = .011). The mean preoperative spherical refraction decreased from -3.86 +/- 2.91 diopters (D) to -2.77 +/- 1.43D (P = .091) and the mean cylindrical refraction, from -2.41 +/- 2.27 D to -0.94 +/- 1.07 D (P = .046). The mean central corneal curvature decreased from 48.20 +/- 4.19 D preoperatively to 46.90 +/- 5.00 D (P = .008) at 6 months and the mean posterior elevation, from 53.88 +/- 21.72 microm to 32.55 +/- 11.23 microm (P = .008). CONCLUSION: Intacs insertion using a femtosecond laser was safe and efficient in the correction of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration.     

Refractive outcomes after V4c Toric collamer lens implantation over 1y of follow-up

AIM: To evaluate refractive outcomes and corneal astigmatism changes after Toric implantable collamer lens with a central port (V4c T-ICL) implantation over 1y of follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed including 50 eyes of 50 patients that underwent V4c T-ICL implantation. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, refraction, refractive and corneal astigmatism changes and corneal coupling correction were evaluated preoperatively, 1 and 12mo postoperatively. Vector analysis was used for astigmatism changes. Coefficient of adjustment (CAdj) was calculated for corneal coupling analysis. RESULTS: The mean UDVA achieved was 0.03 logMAR at 1mo and remained unchanged throughout the whole follow-up (P=0.193). At the last visit, 84% of the eyes achieved a CDVA of 0.00 logMAR or better. Regarding spherical equivalent refraction (SEQ), 96% of eyes were ranges of ±1.00 D and 84% of them within ±0.50 D. Also, 94% of eyes had a remaining refractive cylinder within ±1.00 D and 78% of them within ±0.50 D. Both, SEQ and refractive cylinder, remain stable over the postoperative follow-up (P=1.000 and P=0.660, respectively). In terms of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), no statistically significant differences were found over the follow-up (P=0.102) and under correction was found with a correction index lower than the unit at each visit. A keratometric astigmatism induced of 0.59±0.53 (vector mean: 0.26×73º) D was reached at the last visit. No significant changes in terms of corneal astigmatism orientation were reported over post-surgery visits (P=0.129 and P=0.097 at 1 and 12mo respectively). No clinical significance was found for CAdj on with-the-rule astigmatism. No postoperative complications resulting from the surgery were found. CONCLUSION: Refractive outcomes suggest that the V4c T-ICL implantation for correction of myopic astigmatism was satisfactory in terms of effectiveness, safety, and stability during 1y of follow-up. Corneal astigmatism induced by the incision around 0.5 D is achieved according to the remaining refractive cylinder found at one-year post-surgery. Corneal coupling analysis results in no unexpected spherical change.     

角膜地形图引导LASEK联合MMC治疗RK术后屈光不正

目的 探讨角膜地形图引导的准分子激光上皮下角膜磨镶术（LASEK）治疗放射状角膜切开术（RK）后屈光不正的有效性及安全性。方法 回顾性系列病例研究。RK术后视功能下降行角膜地形图引导的LASEK联合丝裂霉素C（MMC）治疗的患者13例（16眼）,分为远视组（11眼）和近视组（5眼）。对术前及术后1年等效球镜度（SE）及散光值进行配对t检验,对裸眼视力（UCVA）、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）和角膜地形图指数进行Wilcoxon秩和检验,并对手术并发症进行总结分析。结果 远视组手术前后UCVA中位数分别为0.22和0.09（logMAR）（Z=-1.732,P<0.05）,术后9眼UCVA≤0.3,5眼UCVA≤0（logMAR）;仅1眼BCVA下降1行,其余均等于或高于术前1~2行;术前平均SE为（+2.63±1.69）D,平均散光值为（-1.45±0.90）D,术后两者均下降,差异有统计学意义（t=5.365,P<0.01;t=-2.359,P＜0.05）。远视组术后5眼SE≤±0.50 D,9眼SE≤±1.00 D;术后角膜表面变异指数（ISV）、角膜高度非对称性指数（IHA）及角膜像差系数（ABR）均较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义（Z=-1.928、-2.135、-1.827,P＜0.05）。近视组手术前后UCVA中位数分别为0.92和0.09（logMAR）（Z=-1.863,P＜0.05）,术后5眼UCVA≤0.3（logMAR）,2眼UCVA≤0（logMAR）;所有眼BCVA均等于或高于术前1行;术前平均SE为（-3.63±2.26）D,平均散光值为（-1.55±0.70）D,术后两者均显著下降,差异有统计学意义（t=-3.549、-3.143,P＜0.05）。近视组术后2眼SE≤±0.50 D,5眼SE≤±1.00 D;术后ISV和IHA较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义（Z=-1.827、-1.827,P＜0.05）。2组术后角膜地形图显示角膜光学区偏小及偏心得到一定程度的改善。术后1年2眼有环形haze,BCVA并未下降。结论 角膜地形图引导LASEK联合MMC治疗RK术后屈光不正合并光学区偏小和（或）偏心安全、有效。     

5-year follow-up of combined non-topography guided photorefractive keratectomy and corneal collagen cross linking for keratoconus

AIM: To evaluate the visual outcomes of simultaneous non-topography guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in eyes with keratoconus 5y after the procedure. METHODS: Prospective, interventional, non-randomized, and non-controlled case series design was used. Sixty eyes of 30 patients (16 males and 14 females; age: 21-41y) with mild, non-progressive (stages 1-2) keratoconus were enrolled. Refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) , flat and steep keratometry readings, and adverse events were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Data were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 3mo, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5y follow-up visits after combined non-topography-guided PRK with CXL was performed. All patients had at least 5y of follow-up. RESULTS: All study parameters showed a statistically significant improvement at 5y over baseline values. The mean follow-up time was 68.20±4.71mo (range: 60-106mo). Patients showed a significant improvement in UDVA from 1.24±0.79 logMAR prior to combined non-TG-PRK+CXL to 0.06±0.15 logMAR postoperatively at the time of their last follow-up visit. CDVA significantly increased from 0.06±0.19 logMAR preoperatively to 0.03±0.12 logMAR postoperatively. A significant decrease in the mean spherical equivalent (SE) refraction was observed from -2.28±1.8 to -0.79±0.93 diopters (D) (P<0.05), and the manifest sphere decreased from -1.62±1.23 to -0.27±0.21 D (P=0.001). The manifest cylinder significantly decreased from -1.73±0.86 to -0.29±0.34 D postoperatively (P=0.001). The mean steep keratometry was 45.13±1.32 vs 47.28±2.12 D preoperatively (P<0.05), and the preoperative mean steepest keratometry (Kmax) 48.6±3.1 was reduced significantly to 46.8±2.9 postoperatively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined non-TG-PRK with 15min CXL is an effective and safe option for correcting mild refractive error and improving visual acuity in patients with mild stable keratoconus.     

AcrySof Toric人工晶状体植入矫正角膜散光的疗效

目的：评价AcrySof Toric人工晶状体(intraocular lens,IOL)植入矫正伴有规则性角膜散光白内障患者的临床效果及IOL的旋转稳定性。

方法：随机选取南京医科大学第一附属医院眼科2012-06/2013-12的白内障合并规则角膜源性散光患者23例28眼行超声乳化白内障摘除联合AcrySof Toric IOL植入术者,观察术后裸眼视力(UCVA),最佳矫正视力(BCVA),以及统计术前预期残余散光与术后实际残余散光,Toric IOL在囊袋内的旋转度。

结果：术后3mo UCVA为0.75±0.16, BCVA为0.84±0.15,BVCA与UCVA比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.036,P>0.05)。术前预期残余散光为0.28±0.12D ,术后3mo实际残余散光为0.42±0.17D,预期散光值与实际残余散光值比较,差异无统计学差异(t=1.259,P>0.05); Toric IOL术后1d IOL平均旋转3.02°±1.56°(0°～7°),术后3mo平均旋转3.28°±1.85°(0°～7°),其中 25眼(89%)旋转<5°,3眼(11%)旋转5°～7°。

结论：Toric IOL植入能够稳定并且有效地矫正白内障患者的角膜散光,并有较精准的散光矫正预测性。     

高柱镜度数 Toric 人工晶状体植入治疗白内障合并高度散光的临床观察

评价高柱镜度数Acrysof Toric人工晶状体（SN60T6-9）植入治疗白内障合并高度散光患者的疗效及稳定性。方法白内障合并高度角膜规则散光行白内障超声乳化联合高柱镜度数Acrysof Toric人工晶状体植入手术患者13例（17只眼）,术后随访（6±1．3）个月。观察术后裸眼视力（UCVA）、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、残余散光、人工晶状体的旋转稳定性等。结果术后3个月,平均裸眼视力为0．61±0．16,BCVA 0．70±0．18,82．3％UCVA优于0．5,62％残余散光低于0．75 D,81％低于1．00 D。残余散光为（0．69±0．26） D,Toric人工晶状体平均旋转（3．12±1．16）°。结论 Toric IOL人工晶状体能有效、安全,矫正白内障合并高度散光,具有良好的旋转稳定性。     

Toric人工晶状体在合并高度角膜散光白内障中的应用

目的：评估Bi-Flex toric人工晶状体在合并散光的白内障中的应用。

方法：回顾性研究包括16例22眼合并2.50D以上散光的白内障患者。测量了术前与术后的裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、客观及主观验光、角膜散光仪和角膜地形图测量的散光值。术后人工晶状体屈光轴位置使用向量进行分析。

结果：术后,主观验光散光值从4.05D±1.53D显著降低至1.35D±0.86D,(P<0.05)。屈光轴位置指标J₀,从术前的-0.81±2.02D降至 -0.12±0.62D(P<0.05)。裸眼视力和最佳矫正视力术后1mo时均显著改善(P<0.05),分别为0.24±0.19和0.06±0.08。人工晶状体屈光轴旋转程度平均为2.95±5.25度,86.36%的患眼旋转程度小于10度。术前、术后角膜散光计测量值未见显著差异(J₀ 和J₄₅均有P>0.05)。

结论：对于合并大于2.50D散光的白内障患者,Bi-Flex toric人工晶状体植入是安全有效的治疗方法。     

Rotational stability of plate haptic toric intraocular lenses after combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and cataract surgery

AIM: To evaluate the postoperative intraocular lens (IOL) rotational stability and residual refractive astigmatism following combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and cataract surgery with implantation of a plate haptic toric IOL. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, 32 eyes of 32 patients underwent a combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and phacoemulsification for vitreoretinal diseases and cataract with regular corneal astigmatism of at least 1 diopter (D). A plate haptic toric IOL (AT Torbi 709M, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG) was implanted in all eyes. The outcome measures were rotational stability and refractive astigmatism up to 6mo postoperatively as well as the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). RESULTS: Preoperative refractive astigmatism was 2.14±1.17 D, which was significantly reduced to 0.77±0.37 D six to eight weeks postoperatively and remained stable throughout the observation period (0.67±0.44 D at three months and 0.75±0.25 D at six months; for all groups: P<0.0001 compared to baseline). BCVA improved significantly from 0.36±0.33 logMAR preoperatively to 0.10±0.15 logMAR following surgery (P=0.02). Mean IOL axis deviation from the target axis was 3.4°±2.9° after six to eight weeks and significantly decreased over time (2.4°±2.6° six months after surgery; P=0.04). In one patient IOL, re-alignment was performed. CONCLUSION: Corneal astigmatism is significantly reduced following combined 25-gauge vitrectomy and cataract surgery. The plate haptic toric IOL position and axis remain stable during the observation period of six months.     

白内障术中Toric人工晶状体植入矫正散光的长期临床疗效

目的：评价术前伴有较大角膜散光的白内障患者白内障超声乳化后植入AcrySof Toric IOL后的屈光效果及囊袋内的旋转稳定性。

方法：收集确诊为年龄相关性白内障并伴有角膜规则散光≥1.00D的患者28例32眼,采用白内障超声乳化、植入AcrySof Toric IOL手术。观察并比较术前、术后1a裸眼视力(UCVA)及最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、术前角膜散光、预计残余散光及术后1a残余散光、IOL旋转度。

结果：术后1a,85%患眼UCVA≥0.5,86%患眼BCVA≥0.8,BCVA≥0.6者达92%。相较术前角膜散光(2.20 ±0.65D),术后1a残余散光(0.54±0.13D)明显减少,两者差异有统计学意义(t=10.134,P<0.01); 术前预计残余散光0.52±0.14D,术后1a残余散光为0.54±0.13D,两者差异无统计学意义(t=0.364,P>0.05)。术后6mo晶状体旋转平均为3.4°±2.2°。术后1a晶状体旋转平均为3.82°±1.27°。

结论：AcrySof Toric IOL植入术是一种矫正角膜规则散光的有效的、可预测性好、角膜损伤小、无角膜损伤的方法。谨慎的选择患者,准确的角膜曲率的测量和IOL轴位的精确调整是影响其屈光效果和旋转稳定性的因素。     

Evaluation of anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea using a dual Scheimpflug analyzer in keratoconus patients implanted with intrastromal corneal ring segments

AIM: To evaluate corneal parameters measured with a dual Scheimpflug analyzer in keratoconus patients implanted with intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS). METHODS: Fifty eyes of 40 keratoconus patients had Ferrara ICRS implantation from November 2010 to April 2014. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, keratometry, asphericity, elevation, pachymetry, root mean square (RMS), spherical aberration and coma were studied. All patients were evaluated using a dual Scheimpflug system. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time after the procedure was 12.7mo. The mean UCVA improved from 0.82 to 0.31 (P<0.001); the mean BCVA improved from 0.42 to 0.05 (P<0.0001), the mean spherical refraction changed from -3.06±3.80 D to -0.80±2.5 D (P<0.0001) and the mean refraction astigmatism reduced from -4.51±2.08 D to -2.26±1.18 D (P<0.0001). The changes from preoperative to postoperative, in parameters of the anterior and posterior surface of the cornea, were statistically significant except the elevation posterior at the apex of the cornea and posterior asphericity. CONCLUSION: The implantation of Ferrara ICRS induces changes in both anterior and posterior surfaces of the cornea.     

Quantitative evaluation of regular and irregular corneal astigmatism in patients having overnight orthokeratology

PURPOSE: To quantitatively assess changes in regular and irregular corneal astigmatism in patients having overnight orthokeratology. SETTING: Matsumoto Eye Clinic, Ibaraki, Japan. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of 64 eyes of 39 patients having overnight orthokeratology for myopia. Inclusion criteria were an uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 20/20 or better after treatment and a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Using Fourier series harmonic analysis, videokeratography data were decomposed into spherical component, regular astigmatism, asymmetry (tilt or decentration), and higher-order irregularity. RESULTS: Orthokeratology significantly reduced the manifest refraction from -2.60 diopters (D) +/- 1.13 (SD) to -0.17 +/- 0.31 D (P<.0001, paired t test) and improved the UCVA from 0.82 +/- 0.30 to -0.11 +/- 0.06 logMAR (P<.0001). Regular astigmatism increased significantly from 0.53 +/- 0.23 D preoperatively to 0.63 +/- 0.40 D postoperatively (P =.0206). The asymmetry component increased significantly from 0.35 +/- 0.22 D to 0.64 +/- 0.40 D (P<.0001). Higher-order irregularity did not change significantly: 0.14 +/- 0.11 D before treatment and 0.17 +/- 0.20 D after treatment (P =.2166). The amount of myopic correction correlated significantly with the increase in the asymmetry component (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = 0.40, P =.0009) but not with the increase in regular astigmatism (R = 0.24, P =.055). CONCLUSIONS: Irregular corneal astigmatism significantly increased, even in clinically successful orthokeratology cases. The effect of the changes on visual function should be studied further.