经阴道宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全21例临床分析

目的 探索宫颈环扎术在宫颈机能不全所致的晚期流产和早产中的临床应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年12月,汕尾市人民医院收治21例行宫颈环扎术患者的临床数据（其中有紧急环扎术11例,预防性环扎术10例）。结果 宫颈机能不全孕妇手术21例：足月12例,4例早产,5例流产,这其中胎儿成活16例。结论 宫颈环扎术是孕中晚期宫颈机能不全治疗的有效方法,能延长孕周,是延长孕龄的有效的抗早产手术。     

腹腔镜下宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全16例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全的效果和安全性。方法对2008年8月至2011年12月中山大学附属第一医院妇科16例经阴道宫颈环扎手术失败和无法行经阴道宫颈环扎术的宫颈机能不全患者,在非孕期行腹腔镜下宫颈环扎术,观察术后妊娠情况。结果 16例患者手术过程均顺利,无一例中转开腹。有10例患者妊娠,其中8例孕足月剖宫产,1例孕31周剖宫产分娩,1例妊娠20周时因胎膜早破导致难免流产,开腹手术剪断环扎带后经阴道娩出胎儿。行剖宫产患者平均分娩孕周为37.9周,较术前平均流产孕周平均延长17.9周。另6例患者中5例现术后1～3个月,尚未计划妊娠,1例术后1+年,未避孕未孕。结论腹腔镜下宫颈环扎术安全有效,可明显延长妊娠时间,增加活产率,可作为宫颈机能不全的治疗方法之一。     

宫颈机能不全47例分析

目的探讨宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全的价值。方法将我院1998年2月至2004年2月收治的宫颈机能不全的孕妇47例分为手术组(A组,29例)和非手术组(B组,18例),比较两组的胎儿存活率、平均延长孕周。结果胎儿存活率手术组91.7%,明显高于非手术组46.7%(P<0.01);平均延长孕周手术组14.4周,明显长于非手术组6.7周(P<0.01)。结论宫颈机能不全是导致妊娠晚期流产和早产的常见原因,宫颈环扎术可以延长宫颈机能不全患者的孕周,提高胎儿存活率。     

孕期经阴道宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全

宫颈机能不全是导致反复晚期流产和早产的主要原因之一。孕期行宫颈环扎术是治疗宫颈机能不全的最有效方法,它能明显延长孕周、提高妊娠成功率,改善围产结局。本文就孕期宫颈机能不全的诊断以及行宫颈环扎术的方法、疗效、手术并发症等进行讨论。     

腹腔镜宫颈环扎术的围手术期护理

目的:探讨孕前及早孕期腹腔镜宫颈环扎术的围手术期护理方法。方法:选择2013年7月—2015年12月于首都医科大学附属复兴医院宫腔镜中心因宫颈机能不全不育行孕前及早孕期腹腔镜宫颈环扎术的患者331例,围手术期护理包括:术前的心理疏导、完善术前准备及手术前后的交接,术后严密观察病情、用药护理及进行活动指导,出院时做好健康宣教,告知注意事项。结果:311例孕前患者实施腹腔镜宫颈环扎术,术后妊娠216例,其中187例妊娠29~39周剖宫产分娩,早产35例,共娩出191个活婴(双胎4例);21例正在妊娠中;8例于孕中期流产。20例早孕期手术患者实施腹腔镜宫颈环扎术,术后2例超声确认胎儿停止发育行清宫术(其中1例辅助生殖为双胎),18例妊娠36~39周剖宫产分娩,共娩出19个活婴(双胎1例)。结论:腹腔镜宫颈环扎术可有效预防宫颈机能不全引起的流产或早产,加强围手术期护理,有利于提高手术的效果,达到改善妊娠结局的目的。     

安宝用于治疗宫颈机能不全行宫颈环扎术后保胎效果观察

目的:探讨宫颈环扎术后安宝保胎治疗效果。方法:25例因宫颈机能不全行宫颈环扎术后患者行安宝保胎治疗。结果:25例中23例维持至足月分娩,1例19周流产、1例孕32周早产。新生儿存活24例(96%)。结论:宫颈环扎术后应用安宝保胎治疗可使妊娠维持至足月或接近足月,提高新生儿存活率,对优生及孕产妇身心健康有重要意义。     

紧急宫颈环扎术的应用价值探讨

宫颈机能不全(cervical insufficiency)是造成反复中晚期流产及早产的主要原因之一。宫颈环扎术(cervical cerclage)是治疗宫颈机能不全的主要手术方式之一,其治疗效果一直是国内外学者的研究热点。而紧急宫颈环扎术是为了延长发育正常但未发育成熟的胎儿孕周而采取的急症手术,在单胎及多胎妊娠疗效、分娩方式及术式选择、并发症的处理、围手术期的处理和管理以及妊娠结局等方面仍存在争议。综述紧急宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全的应用价值,为临床提供治疗依据。     

紧急宫颈环扎术治疗宫颈机能不全致晚期流产和早产的临床应用价值

目的:探讨紧急宫颈环扎术在宫颈机能不全所致晚期流产和早产中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2015年10月我院收治18例行紧急宫颈环扎术患者的临床资料。结果:18例行紧急宫颈环扎术患者延长孕龄4~146天,11例早产,2例足月分娩,5例流产,共得到存活新生儿15例。宫颈口扩张2~6 cm组与2 cm组新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),6 cm组的新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分与2~6 cm组、2 cm组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:紧急宫颈环扎术可有效延长孕周,改善妊娠结局,提高新生儿存活率,是宫颈机能不全患者宫颈口扩张、胎膜突出时的有效治疗手段,对于宫颈口扩张6 cm的效果更好。     

减胎术联合宫颈环扎术治疗多胎妊娠并宫颈机能不全2例临床分析

多胎妊娠、宫颈机能不全等均是流产或早产的高危因素,若多胎妊娠患者合并宫颈机能不全则流产或早产的风险更高。现报道2例多胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全患者,分别在孕11+5周和20+5周行减胎术,随后分别在13+4周和21+6周行宫颈环扎术,定期产检阴道超声监测宫颈长度并及时预防早产治疗,分别在孕36周和孕33+4周成功顺产活婴,认为减胎术是多胎妊娠改善妊娠结局的补救措施,减胎术后行宫颈环扎术可修复宫颈的机能,而定期随访对防治早产、指导临床用药及适时拆除宫颈环扎线并改善母儿预后至关重要。当多胎妊娠合并宫颈机能不全时,采用减胎术联合宫颈环扎术进行治疗是一个可供临床借鉴的选择方案。     

援救性宫颈环扎术5例临床分析

宫颈环扎术是治疗宫颈机能不全性早产的重要方法,目的在于修复并建立正常宫颈结构形态和宫颈内口的扩张功能,维持妊娠至足月或尽量延长孕周.随着近年来对宫颈环扎术研究的进展,手术技术日趋成熟,成功率可达80％以上.但仍有少数患者在初次环扎术后出现宫颈进行性缩短,宫口扩张,需要再次行环扎术以延长孕周,称为援救性宫颈环扎术[1].本院采用援救性宫颈环扎术对宫颈环扎术后再次出现晚期自然流产或早产表现的5例患者进行处理,取得良好效果,现报道如下.     

Cervical cerclage for prevention of preterm birth in women with twin pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of elective cervical cerclage in women with twin pregnancy on gestational age at time of delivery. METHOD: In a pragmatic fashion women in Abha Maternity Hospital, Saudi Arabia with twin gestations were allocated to receive either an elective cerclage (group I) or no cerclage (group II). Elective cerclage was performed at 12 to 14 weeks of gestation after sonographic examination of the fetus to confirm gestational age and exclude major congenital anomalies. In all cases, follow up of the pregnancy was continued until delivery. RESULTS: Of the 176 twin pregnancies included, cerclage was performed in 76 women, and no cerclage in 100 women. In Group I: 12 pregnancies ended in spontaneous miscarriage, 37 in preterm labor, and 27 women reached full term. There were a total of 106 live births in 62 women. In Group II: 8 women aborted, 44 women ended in preterm labor and 48 women reached full term. There were a total of 160 live births in 89 women. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 20 to 41 weeks. Multiple regression analysis did not show association between cerclage and time of delivery, although a trend was observed (P=0.056). CONCLUSION: Elective cerclage contributes little in prolongation of gestational age at the time of delivery in women with twin pregnancy, especially in women of high parity. Those with a previous history of preterm labor may be a subgroup that could benefit from elective cerclage.     

The effect of second trimester emergency cervical cerclage on perinatal outcome

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of emergency cervical cerclage and to determine predictors of failure or success in women with cervical incompetence. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for clinical and demographic data, gestational age at time of cerclage, cerclage–delivery interval, gestational age at time of delivery; and birth weight. Predictors of success and failure were analyzed. Result: Forty-three pregnant women between 18 and 25 weeks of gestation were recruited. The mean gestational age at time of cerclage was 21 weeks. The mean cerclage–delivery interval was 64 days. The mean gestation at delivery was 31 weeks and the mean neonatal birth weight was 2166 g. Whether cerclage done before or after 20 weeks, the difference in cerclage–delivery interval was insignificant while the difference in gestational age at time of delivery and neonatal birth weight was significant. Presence of infection, presence of symptoms, membranes through the cervix and dilated cervix >3 cm are frequently associated with failure. Conclusion: Emergency cervical cerclage is effective in prolonging pregnancy and improving neonatal outcome in patient with cervical incompetence. However, large prospective randomized controlled studies are recommended.     

Elective cervical cerclage versus serial ultrasound surveillance of cervical length in a population at high risk for preterm delivery

OBJECTIVE: To compare pregnancy outcome for women at risk of preterm delivery undergoing elective cervical cerclage in the first trimester or serial transvaginal assessment of cervical length with cerclage only if indicated (control cases). DESIGN: A matched case control study. SETTING: Prematurity clinic at two London teaching hospitals. POPULATION: Women at high risk for preterm delivery. METHODS: Cases of elective cervical cerclage were matched for maternal age, ethnic group, previous cervical surgery, previous second trimester loss and early preterm delivery to women undergoing serial ultrasound surveillance of cervical length. Pregnancy outcome data was collected. Data was analysed using Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney and Student's t-tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gestation at delivery, rate of delivery <24, 24-32 and 32-37 weeks gestation. RESULTS: Thirty-nine cases of elective cervical cerclage were matched to control cases. Both groups were similar for maternal age, ethnic group, previous cervical surgery, previous second trimester loss and early preterm delivery. Cervical cerclage was performed in 14 (36%) of the control cases due to cervical changes. There was no significant difference in median gestation at delivery (266 days versus 260 days P=0.9), number delivering <24 weeks (15% versus 13% P=0.9), at 24-32 weeks (7.5% versus 15% P=0.6) and at 32-37 weeks (15% versus 13% P=0.9). CONCLUSION: Serial transvaginal ultrasound surveillance of cervical length in women at high risk of preterm delivery appears to reduce cerclage rates without compromising pregnancy outcome. A large multicentered randomised trial is required to confirm these findings.     

Prior cerclage: to repeat or not to repeat? That is the question

Our objective was to compare obstetrical outcomes of women with a prior cerclage for nontraditional indications who in the subsequent pregnancy either received a history-indicated cerclage or were followed by transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) cervical length (CL). All women with a history- or ultrasound- indicated cerclage in a prior pregnancy and who had a subsequent pregnancy were retrospectively identified from a preexisting database of women at risk for preterm birth between 1995 and 2002. Only women who reached >or= 12 weeks of gestation were included for analysis. Women with a diagnosis other than classic cervical insufficiency were managed in the subsequent pregnancy either by history-indicated cerclage or by serial TVU CL. The primary outcome was spontaneous preterm birth < 35 weeks. We identified 56 women with a prior cerclage for nontraditional indications. In the subsequent pregnancy, 28 women were followed with TVU and 28 matched controls received history-indicated cerclage. The groups were matched for demographics and risk factors. There were no differences between the two groups in the incidence of preterm labor < 35 weeks (21% versus 11%; P = 0.5), preterm premature rupture membranes < 35 weeks (7% versus 11%; P = 1.0), spontaneous preterm birth < 35 weeks (11% versus 11%; P = 1.0), or the gestational age at delivery (36.3 +/- 6.6 versus 36.5 +/- 5.6; P = 0.5). We concluded that in women with prior cerclage for indications other than classic cervical insufficiency, repeat history-indicated cerclage may not improve outcome compared with management with TVU CL follow-up.     

Pregnancy outcomes and superiorities of prophylactic cervical cerclage and therapeutic cervical cerclage in cervical insufficiency pregnant women

Purpose

To compare the clinical effect of prophylactic cervical cerclage and therapeutic cervical cerclage on pregnancy outcome and operative factors in cervical insufficiency pregnant women.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted between June 2014 and September 2016 in a maternity ward, which included women who have had a single pregnancy and have been carried out a McDonald cerclage. All maternal medical records were reviewed. The efficacy of cerclage for preventing late foetal loss was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results

The results showed that there were significant associations between cerclage operations and pregnancy outcomes in the duration of pregnancy prolongation in terms of live births, gestation age, live birth and cesarean section rate. In prophylactic cervical cerclage, compared with therapeutic cervical cerclage, cervical length before surgery was significantly longer (32.7?±?5.8 vs 19.9?±?7.3 mm, p?<?0.0001). Mean operative duration and postoperative length of hospital stay in prophylactic cervical cerclage were shorter than those in therapeutic cervical cerclage (22.1?±?10.3 vs 28.9?±?13.0 min, p?=?0.0241 and 5.6?±?1.8 vs 7.0?±?2.8 days, p?=?0.0354), respectively. Compared with therapeutic cerclage, prophylactic cerclage had more advantages in gestational age at delivery (35.2?±?5.5 and 31.7?±?6.5 weeks, p?=?0.0061), deliveries?<?37 gestational weeks (40 vs 69.2%, p?=?0.0159), live births (93.3 vs 69.2%, p?=?0.0143) and the duration of pregnancy prolongation in terms of live births (19.5?±?5.0 vs 12.0?±?8.2 weeks, p?=?0.0002). There was a higher cesarean section rate in prophylactic group than that in therapeutic group (50 vs 25.6%, p?=?0.0383). The logistic analysis showed that the cervical length before surgery was the only independent prognostic factor [OR 2.860 (1.425, 5.742) p?=?0.0031] for pregnancy outcome, and that is the cervical length before surgery affected late foetal loss.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that, both prophylactic cervical cerclage and therapeutic cervical cerclage reduce the incidence of recurrent abortion or preterm birth and efficiently extend the length of the pregnancy with live births. The prophylactic cervical cerclage has more advantages in operative time, length of hospital stay after surgery, gestational age at delivery, live births and preterm birth. The length of the cervical before surgery is an independent risk factor for pregnancy outcomes when pregnant women appear in the cervical shortening is less than normal. Cervical cerclage is an effective surgical technique to prevent recurrent abortion or late foetal loss.

     

孕前“极简式”腹腔镜下宫颈环扎术的临床应用

目的:探讨"极简式"腹腔镜下宫颈环扎术(simplified laparoscopic cervical cerclage,SLCC)预防既往经阴道宫颈环扎失败的女性中期流产、早产的效果,并评价手术安全性。方法:分析2010年12月—2015年8月首都医科大学附属复兴医院收治的153例有经阴道宫颈环扎术失败史,实施孕前SLCC的患者临床资料。患者术前孕中期流产平均次数为(2.7±1.2)次,孕周为13~27周,平均孕周(20.0±3.5)周。结果:153例SLCC患者手术顺利,平均手术时间(33.0±1.3)min,术中平均出血量(9.7±8.3)m L,无严重手术并发症。术后共117例患者妊娠,其中8例妊娠2次,总妊娠次数125次;其中包括20次早期流产,2次异位妊娠,1次葡萄胎;截至2015年8月,正在妊娠中19例,已知妊娠结局83例,活产率为96.4%(80/83),平均终止妊娠孕周为(37.2±2.2)周。结论:对于既往经阴道宫颈环扎失败的宫颈机能不全患者,SLCC是一种简单、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

Is routine prophylactic cervical cerclage associated with significant prolongation of triplet gestation?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if routine prophylactic cervical cerclage was associated with a significant prolongation of triplet pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of all women carrying triplet pregnancies at a single institution during a four-year period was carried out. Selected maternal characteristics and obstetric outcome measures in women who received prophylactic cerclage (PC) were compared to women who did not receive PC (no cerclage placed and emergency cerclage). Statistical comparison was done using the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS: Fifty-five women had PC and 40 had no PC. There was no significant difference between these two groups in mean maternal age or weight, nulliparity, history of or current sexually transmitted disease, cigarette smoking, history of cervical insufficiency, prior dilation and curettage, prior cervical surgery, prior preterm labor/prolonged preterm rupture of membranes (PTL/PPROM), medical complications in pregnancy, current PTL/PPROM, gestational age at delivery, delivery prior to 28 weeks, delivery prior to 32 weeks, or delivery of an infant weighing less than 1000 or 1500 grams. Thirteen women in the no PC group (32.5%) required emergency cerclage. CONCLUSION: PC was not associated with significant prolongation of triplet pregnancy.     

Serial Transvaginal Ultrasonography Following McDonald Cerclage and Repeat Suture Insertion

Summary: The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that serial transvaginal ultrasonography identifies early evidence of suture failure and that repeat cerclage delays delivery. We undertook a review of our policy of transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical surveillance after McDonald cerclage and of repeat suture insertion if persistent cervical effacement developed. Data from 26 pregnancies in 26 women are analyzed. The women had had a total of 57 mid-trimester miscarriages with a median of 2 (1–6) mid-trimester losses per woman. Twelve (46%) of the 26 women developed cervical changes at scan and underwent repeat cerclage. All 14 women who had a single suture inserted progressed to live births but 1 of the 13 women who had repeat cerclage had a mid-trimester miscarriage (p>0.05). The median gestation at delivery for the women who had repeat cerclage was 35 (22–39) weeks compared with 38 (36–40) weeks for those who had a single suture (p>0.05). The median interval from the detection of cervical changes at scan to delivery was 13 (4–19) weeks. Serial transvaginal ultrasonography after cervical cerclage identifies a group of women who are more likely to deliver preterm, and provides an opportunity for intervention (repeat cerclage) which appears to delay delivery by an average of 7 weeks.