心脏停跳与不停跳先心病矫治术患者围术期cTnⅠ及心肌酶水平变化

目的探讨心脏停跳与不停跳先天性心脏病（先心病）矫治术对心肌的损伤程度,并寻找敏感性评价指标。方法将40例同期拟行先心病矫治术的患者随机分为对照组和观察组各20例,分别于心脏停跳与不停跳下手术,两组麻醉及体外循环（CPB）方法相同。分别于围术期检测血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnⅠ）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、AST、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（HBDH）,同时观察心电图及心脏超声指标改变。结果两组围术期心电图及心脏超声指标均无明显异常,但术中、术后血清cTnⅠ及CK、CK—MB、LDH水平均明显升高,对照组显著高于观察组;其中血清cTnⅠ水平升高出现早、恢复慢（术后72h时仍显著高于术前水平）。结论心脏不停跳先心病矫治术对心肌的损伤小于心脏停跳手术;cTnⅠ是评价心脏手术围术期心肌损伤敏感的特异指标．     

成人活体肝移植术围术期血清肌钙蛋白I和心肌酶变化及意义

目的探讨成人活体部分肝移植术围术期肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）和心肌酶的变化规律。方法肝移植受者24例,静吸复合全麻下行活体部分肝移植术。分别于麻醉后术前（T0）、无肝期30min（T1）、新肝期30min（L）、术毕（T3）、术后24h（T4）、术后48h（L）和术后72h（T6）采集中心静脉血检测cTnI、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBDH）水平。结果与T0时比较：L～L时cTnI、CK．MB和LDH升高,T4～T6时CK升高、T2-L时α-HBDH升高,P〈0．05或P〈0．01;与T3时比较：T4时eTnI、CK-MB和CK均显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论成人活体部分肝移植围术期存在心肌损伤;心肌损伤从新肝期开始出现,术后24h加重,48—72h逐渐恢复。     

婴幼儿先天性心脏病围术期hs-CRP和cTnI监测的临床意义

目的探讨婴幼儿先天性心脏病（先心病）心内直视手术围术期,动态监测高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及血清心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）水平的临床意义。方法纳入2012年1月～2012年6月行心内直视手术30例,分为单纯型先天性心脏病组（n=10）、复合型先心病组（n=10）及复杂型先心病组（n=10）。三组患儿均在体外循环支持下行先心病纠治术,分别于术前1h（T1）、术后1h（T2）、术后6h（T3）、术后24h（T4）、术后72h（T5）及术后7天（T6）检测其血清hs-CRP及血清cTnI水平。同时纳入主动脉阻断时间、正性肌力药物评分、机械通气时间、重症监护病房（CICU）停留时间及术后住院时间与各时间点hs-CRP和cTnI水平进行相关性分析。结果三组患儿T1hs-CRP均在低度风险范围内,cTnI均在正常范围。术后hs-CRP及cTnI均较术前增高,尤以复杂型先心病组升高最为显著;cTnI水平与机械通气时间呈明显正相关（r=0.5297,P〈0.05）,hs-CRP水平与CICU停留时间呈正相关（r=0.4242,P〈0.05）。结论监测hs-CRP和cTnI的水平能反映婴幼儿先心病（CPB）术后炎症反应的水平及心肌细胞的损害程度,对婴幼儿先心病体外循环转流（CPB）术后恢复期监测、评估及监护治疗具有指导意义。     

舒芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者围术期血清cTnI水平的影响及意义

目的探讨舒芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者的心肌保护作用及机制。方法将22例择期行瓣膜置换术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各11例,两组均持续泵入丙泊酚行麻醉维持,麻醉诱导、锯胸骨时、体外循环转流时、停机时观察组静注舒芬太尼0．5—1μg／kg,对照组静注芬太尼5-10μg／kg。观察两组开胸时（T1）、主动脉开放30min（T2）、术毕（T3）及CPB停机4h（T4）、24h（T5）血清超敏心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）水平。结果两组T2～T5时点c咖水平均明显高于T1,观察组T4、L时点cTn1水平明显低于对照组,P均〈0．05。结论舒芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者的心肌保护作用优于芬太尼。     

静脉输液反应诱发老年患者心电图、心肌酶及cTnI改变初探

目的 观察老年患者输液反应时心电图、心肌酶及肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）变化情况.方法 对我院2010年6月至2012年6月出现输液反应的62例老年患者（输液反应组）进行心电图、血清心肌酶和cTnI检测,并以60例无输液反应老年患者作为对照组进行比较.结果 输液反应组患者心电图异常率高于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;血清天冬氨酸转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）和cTnI水平及阳性例数亦明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）;输液反应组患者cTnI异常率高于其他心肌酶指标.结论 静脉输液反应可诱发老年患者潜在性心肌损伤,导致心电图、心肌酶及cTnI发生改变,应加强检测,尽早发现及时治疗.     

全麻诱导期AHH对老年患者血液动力学、cTnI及心肌酶的影响

将40例择期腹部手术老年患者随机分为两组,观察组于诱导期实施急性高容量血液稀释（AHH）,即常规输入乳酸林格液,同时以25 ml／min经锁骨下静脉输入6％HES 7 ml／kg后开始诱导,并继续输入6％HES达15 ml／kg;对照组仅常规输入乳酸林格液。两组均采用经口气管插管全身麻醉,全麻诱导和维持药物均相同。术中监测MAP、HR、CVP和PETCO2;分别于AHH前、AHH后4、24 h取中心静脉血测定心肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）、肌红蛋白（MYO）和肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平。结果观察组MAP的变化程度明显低于对照组（P 〈0．05）;CVP稀释后明显升高（P〈0．01）,但仍在正常范围内;两组cTnI在AHH前后无明显差异;MYO和CK-MB在AHH后4、24 h均明显升高（P均〈0．01）。证明全麻诱导期轻度AHH不会引起心肌损伤,可安全用于术前无心、肺疾患的老年患者;并有助于维持术中血液动力学的平稳。     

心脏直视手术患者血清肌钙蛋白的测定及临床价值

为探讨心脏直视手术患者术后肌钙蛋白 T(CTn T)和肌钙蛋白 I(CTn I)的变化特点及临床价值 ,对 36例施行手术的心脏病患者 ,分别在术前及术后即刻、1天、3天、7天进行血清 CTn T、CTn I和心肌酶 (CK、CK-MB)的动态检测。结果显示 ,患者组转流前 CTn T、CTn I与对照组均呈显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而 CK、CK- MB无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;术后即刻各指标均呈明显升高 ,2 4小时 CTn T、CTn I达到高峰 ,明显高于 CK、CK- MB(1～ 3倍 ) ;术后 7天 CK、CK- MB均降至正常 ,而部分患者 CTn T、CTn I仍处于较高范围。认为 CTn T、CTn I是心外科手术中心肌保护和围手术期心肌损伤的高度敏感、特异指标 ,其变化可反映心肌损伤的程度 ,并对预后有直接影响。     

心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白在停跳与不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术围术期变化的研究

目的研究心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)及肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)等在体外循环及非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术中与心肌损伤的关系。方法将冠状动脉旁路移植术的55例患者随机分为体外循环组25例和非体外循环组30例,肝素化前,体外循环组在主动脉开放后1、2、4、8、24、48和72h,非体外循环组在最后1支血管远心端吻合后相同时间点采血10ml,检测H-FABP、cTnI及肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)等,并记录临床指标变化。结果与非体外循环组比较,体外循环组总H-FABP[(95.42±60.48)μg/L vs(3.91±1.46)μg/L,P=0.000]水平显著升高,且H-FABP在术后1h及达顶峰值,早于cTnI及CK-MB。结论非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术式心肌损伤程度较体外循环术式小;围术期H-FABP检测有助于围术期心肌损伤的早期诊断。     

心脏不停跳、停跳二尖瓣置换术患者围术期血糖、胰岛素变化对比观察

目的观察心脏不停跳、停跳二尖瓣置换术患者围手术期血糖及胰岛素变化。方法将24例因二尖瓣病变体外循环下行瓣膜置换术的成年患者随机分为为中低温停跳组(停跳组)和浅低温不停跳组(不停跳组)各12例。观察两组转流前、转流中(转流0.5 h)、停机后(停机即刻、4 h、24 h)抽取非输液肢体静脉血测血糖和血清胰岛素水平变化。结果两组者转流中、转流后各时点血糖、血清胰岛素水平均高于转流前(P均<0.05)。转流中、转流后各时点不停跳组血糖、血清胰岛素水平低于停跳组(P均<0.05)。结论浅低温不停跳手术对患者围术期血糖及血清胰岛素水平影响较小。     

婴幼儿心脏不停跳和停跳心内直视手术的临床对比

目的:比较浅低温心脏不停跳和中低温停跳技术,在婴幼儿心内直视手术的应用。方法:分析56例3岁以下心脏手术患者,将其分为停跳组(组Ⅰ)26例和不停跳组(组Ⅱ)30例。比较2组患者的体外循环(CPB)时间、手术时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、术后低心排出量综合征(低心排)发生率等指标。结果:不停跳组患者的体外循环时间和手术时间均较停跳组短(P<0.01),并且术后呼吸机辅助时间、术后住院时间较停跳组短(P<0.05);不停跳组患者术后低心排发生率和严重心律失常发生率,均较停跳组低(P<0.05)。结论:表明浅低温体外循环心脏不停跳,可作为一项安全、有效的技术应用于婴幼儿先天性心脏畸形的矫治。     

婴幼儿体外循环心脏直视手术围术期血液胶体渗透压的变化

目的观察婴幼儿体外循环（CPB）心脏手术围术期胶体渗透压（COP）的变化。方法31例婴幼儿,体质量小于10kg,于不同时点测定血液的COP,记录动脉血氧分压、氧合指数和肺顺应性。结果31例患儿无院内死亡,无手术相关的并发症。CPB中COP显著下降[（24±6）mmHg→（19±4）mmHg,P<0.05,1mmHg=0.133 kPa],超滤结束时显著升高[（24±5）mmHg,P<0.01],ICU各时间点COP维持于正常生理偏高水平,ICU 24h显著升高[（27±6）mmHg,P<0.01]。结论体外循环术中婴幼儿COP下降明显,超滤可显著提高患者的COP。     

并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植16例分析

目的探讨并行循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术的疗效。方法比较并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术16例和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术33例的临床资料。结果两组术后旁路通畅率为100%。住院时间并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(18±7)d,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(18±8))d;入住重症监护病房时间:并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(48±14)h,非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(57±32)h;心房颤动发生率:并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术1/16(6%),非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术为4/33(12%)。结论并行循环冠状动脉旁路移植术也是一种合理和安全的术式。     

Proteolytic and cytokine balance abnormalities in children with congenital heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in children with congenital heart disease induces a systemic inflammatory response. This inflammatory response is thought to be produced by exposing patients to proinflammatory factors. AIM: To explore the role of cytokines and proteolytic enzymes in inflammatory complications after cardiac surgery in children. METHODS: We investigated the dynamics of concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their inhibitors - tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. These investigations were carried out in 28 children, aged 4-34 months, who underwent a cardiac operation with CPB. Serum concentrations of proteins were sequentially measured before induction of anaesthesia, at the initiation of CPB, after 30 minutes of CPB, at the end of CPB, and 4 and 48 hours after CPB. RESULTS: The serum levels of IL-6 increased dramatically 4 hours after CPB compared with the level before anaesthesia (141.83+/-25.49 vs. 10.68+/-5.01 ng/ml, p=0.00004) and correlated with duration of CPB (r=0.74, p=0.00028). The serum levels of IL-8 increased 4 hours after CPB compared with the level before anaesthesia (267.1+/-41.3 vs. 8.5+/-6.3 ng/ml, p=0.00002). A significant increase of IL-10 concentration at the end of surgery and 4 hours after CPB was detected (95.12+/-23.57 vs. 10.34+/-6.45 ng/ml, p=0.000004 and 59.41+/-21.4 vs. 10.34+/-6.45 ng/ml, p=0.00004, respectively ). The MMP-9 concentration increased at the end of CPB and remained elevated for a period of 48 hours (44.40+/-13.95 vs. 19.53+/-7.58, p=0.000004 and 38.97+/-10.76 vs. 19.53+/-7.58, p=0.00004, respectively). The concentration of MMP-9 detected at the end of CPB positively correlated with duration of CPB (r=0.68, p=0.0045). The TIMP-1 concentration decreased significantly after 30 minutes of CPB, and remained lowered to the end of CPB (respectively 52.68+/-17.72 vs. 83.29+/-17.06 ng/ml, p=0.000006 and 34.94+/-10.58 vs. 83.29+/-17.06 ng/ml, p=0.00004,respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac surgery causes an increase of IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in peripheral blood 4 hours after CPB termination. The concentration of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine increases immediately after the end of CPB. We showed an increase of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 concentrations during and after CPB and simultaneous decrease of TIMP-1 inhibitor. We demonstrated a link between CPB duration and IL-6 and MMP-9 concentrations.     

Serum enzymes after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass

Electrocardiographic and enzyme studies were made on an unselected series of 172 patients admitted to the intensive-care unit after cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Fifty-eight patients had aortic valve, 22 patients multiple valve, 40 patients mitral valve, 27 patients congenital, and 25 patients ischemic disease. There were five hospital deaths. The following observations were made preoperatively and on the first, second, and third postoperative days: 13-lead electrocardiograms, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, and alkaline phosphatase. At least one further electrocardiogram was recorded later in the hospital stay. In 88 of the patients, isoenzymes of LDH were measured. Details of surgical technique and the postoperative course were recorded in each patient.SGOT and LDH values were elevated in all groups but were highest in patients with aortic- and multiple-valve disease. LDH isoenzyme patterns were typical of myocardial damage in only a small number of patients with high total enzymes. There was no relationship between high enzyme levels and age, hemolysis during bypass, or postoperative complications, but a correlation between enzyme levels and cardiopulmonary bypass time was shown in patients in the aortic and congenital groups and between enzyme levels and aortic cross-clamping time in patients in the aortic and mitral groups.Twenty-seven out of 34 patients with a peak postoperative SGOT level equal to or greater than 200 units per milliliter showed electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial damage but only nine out of 138 patients with SGOT levels less than 200 units per milliliter showed such evidence. All but one patient in the aortic and multiple groups showing myocardial damage had an SGOT level equal to or greater than 200 units per milliliter, but SGOT levels in patients in the mitral, congenital, and ischemic groups showing myocardial damage were usually around 100 units per milliliter. Myocardial damage was more common in the aortic, multiple, and ischemic groups. In patients in the aortic group prolonged ventricular fibrillation during operation was associated with high postoperative enzyme levels but this was largely explained by faulty coronary perfusion in some patients.It is concluded that postoperative elevation of serum enzymes is, in part, an inevitable consequence of cardiopulmonary bypass but exceptionally high levels usually indicate myocardial damage. Routine recording of electrocardiograms, serum SGOT, and serum LDH levels on the first two postoperative days is recommended for all patients.     

体外循环心脏不停搏心内手术对肝功能的影响

目的研究体外循环心脏不停搏及停跳手术对肝功能影响的差异。方法检测体外循环心脏不停搏心内直视手术患者及体外循环心脏停搏心内直视手术患者各50例手术前,转机30min,术后2h,1d,3d和7d的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanineaminotransferase,ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(aspartateaminotransferase,AST)、AST/ALT、碱性磷酸酶(alkalinephosphatase,ALP)、γ谷氨酰转移酶(gammaglutamyltransferase,GGT)变化。结果体外循环心脏手术后患者的ALT、AST、AST/ALT、ALP、GGT均升高,不停搏手术患者的恢复较快。结论体外循环心脏手术对肝功能有影响,不停搏手术的影响较小。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉架桥术患者围术期心肌酶的动态变化

目的了解非体外循环下冠状动脉架桥术(OPCAB)患者围术期心肌酶的动态变化.方法13例OPCAB患者术前1 d,术后1、3、5、8 d晨分别取静脉血,测定血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶及同功酶MB(CK,CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶及同功酶1(LDH,LDH-1).结果择期手术的OPCAB患者术前5种心肌酶均在正常范围,术后1 d达到高峰(P＜0.05);术后3 d CK-MB恢复到正常范围,其他心肌酶比术前测定值高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后5 d CK,术后8 d LDH、LDH-1恢复到正常水平,AST在手术后的所有测定值与手术前测定值相比差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论择期OPCAB患者术前5种心肌酶均在正常范围;术后1 d达最高峰,CK-MB恢复最快,LDH和LDH-1恢复最慢.OPCAB是一种对心肌损伤很小的手术方法.     

Metabolic and hemodynamic features of elderly patients undergoing beating heart coronary artery bypass graft surgery

AIM: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, nowadays, is increasingly performed in patients who are older and have more comorbidities than subjects operated on a decade ago. In this study, we investigated metabolic and hemodynamic features of elderly patients with single vessel coronary artery disease (CAD), undergoing beating heart coronary artery bypass graft (BHCABG) surgery. METHODS: Twenty-five elderly patients, ages 73-78 years, with isolated left anterior descending artery (LAD) disease, were enrolled and compared to a younger similar group of 25 patients, mean age 48+/-1.2 years. A single vessel left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to LAD BHCABG was performed in all patients. Duration of temporary LAD occlusion was 9.8+/-0.5 min in the elderly group, and 10+/-0.4 min in the younger group. Myocardial arterial-venous differences in glucose, lactate, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were performed at different time points: preoperatively in the operating room (T0); at the end of the grafting procedure (T1); and before closing the chest (T2). Left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI), as an indicator of global function of left ventricle, were recorded at T0, T1, T2, 6 (T3) and 48 (T4) hours postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative glucose extraction, observed in both groups, did not augment during and after surgery. In addition, neither lactate nor CPK were released in the coronary sinus during temporary LAD occlusion and following reperfusion in either group. Similarly, no significant changes in LVSWI were observed intra- and perioperatively between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac metabolism, hemodynamic parameters and global left ventricular function were not affected in either group by brief LAD occlusion during BHCABG, suggesting that BHCABG is a well-tolerated surgical approach, which can be safely attempted in patients of any age.