微量白蛋白尿与脑梗死面积的关系探讨

目的探讨脑梗死患者微量白蛋白尿水平变化与脑梗死面积之间的关系。方法用比浊法测尿微量白蛋白值,比较大梗死组、中梗死组、腔隙性梗死组及对照组微量白蛋白尿的阳性率及尿微量白蛋白水平。结果微量白蛋白尿阳性率大梗死组62.4%、中梗死组58.9%、腔隙性梗死组54.5%,对照组32.6%。尿微量白蛋白水平大梗死组(22.56±14.28mg/L)、中梗死组(16.82±11.78mg/L)、腔隙性梗死组(11.76±10.28mg/L)、对照组(7.12±10.12mg/L)。3个脑梗死组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),大梗死组、中梗死组与腔隙性组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑梗死患者呈现微量白蛋白尿高发率;尿微量白蛋白水平越高,梗死面积越大。可为临床预后的预测因子。     

老年脑卒中患者C反应蛋白水平变化与预后的关系

目的探讨老年卒中患者血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平的变化与病情严重程度和预后的关系。方法用免疫比浊法检测184例入选对象(其中老年脑梗死106例,老年脑出血78例)的CRP含量。同时选择年龄情况和其他身体一般状况与老年脑卒中患者具有可比性的老年健康者40例为健康对照组。根据脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准,对脑卒中患者进行评分。患者均经CT/MRI检查确诊。结果(1)老年脑卒中患者CRP异常率为68.48%,与对照组相比具有显著差异性(P<0.01)。(2)老年脑卒中患者CRP的水平为(13.07±2.37)mg/L,与正常对照组(2.17±0.86)mg/L相比差异具有显著性(P<0.01)。(3)老年脑梗死组和脑出血组CRP水平分别为(14.06±2.17)mg/L和(10.95±2.86)mg/L,与健康对照组(2.17±0.86)mg/L有显著差异性(P<0.01),且老年脑梗死组CRP水平显著高于脑出血组(P<0.01)。(4)老年脑梗死患者大梗死灶组较小梗死灶组CRP水平升高明显,分别为(18.67±3.64)mg/L和(15.45±2.14)mg/L,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);小梗死灶组较腔隙性梗死CRP水平显著增高,分别为(15.45±2.14)和(6.93±1.02)mg/L,两者相比具有显著差异(P<0.01);(5)老年脑卒中患者依病情轻、中、重程度不同,CRP含量依次增高(P<0.01)。(6)老年脑卒中预后好转组CRP异常率50.96%,明显低于无好转组的91.25%(P<0.01)。结论老年脑卒中与CRP水平关系密切,CRP水平越高,病情越重,预后越差。CRP水平可作为老年脑卒中患者的危险预测因子,还是一个判断病情严重程度和预后的客观指标。     

原发性高血压患者微量白蛋白尿与无症状性脑血管损害的研究

目的探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者微量白蛋白尿(MAU)与无症状性脑血管损害及颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法根据24h尿蛋白滤过率(UAER)测定结果,将162例EH患者分为正常白蛋白尿(NAU)组101例和MAU组61例。应用高频多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块;头颅MRI评价腔隙性脑梗死。采用logistic回归分析颈动脉IMT增厚和腔隙性脑梗死相关的危险因素。结果162例EH患者中MAU的阳性率为37.7%;与NAU组比较,MAU组颈动脉IMT明显增厚[(1.00±0.26)mmvs(0.86±0.20)mm,P<0.01],腔隙性脑梗死的发生率明显增高(62.3%vs44.6%,P<0.05);MAU与颈动脉IMT增厚及腔隙性脑梗死的发生独立相关(OR=2.639,95%CI:1.240～5.615,P<0.05及OR=2.369,95%CI:1.156～4.856,P<0.05)。结论MAU是高血压患者发生腔隙性脑梗死和颈动脉IMT增厚的一个预测指标,可作为判断无症状性脑血管损害及颈动脉粥样硬化的早期指标。     

脑卒中患者脂蛋白(a)水平及其相关性

为探讨脑卒中患者血浆脂蛋白 (a)水平及与血脂其他指标的关系 ,采用双抗夹心法测定 2 94例脑卒中患者及 94例健康人血浆脂蛋白 (a)浓度。结果发现动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死、脑出血患者及健康对照组脂蛋白 (a)水平分别为 389.5± 2 15 .8mg/L、2 74 .7± 186 .4mg/L和 2 10 .7± 12 8.7mg/L ,前两组患者脂蛋白 (a)水平均较健康对照组增高 ,差异具有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死与脑出血患者间脂蛋白 (a)水平亦有显著性差异 ;然而腔隙性脑梗死患者的脂蛋白 (a)水平与对照组无显著性差异。脂蛋白 (a)水平与性别、血压及血脂各项无相关性。提示高脂蛋白 (a)水平可能与脑出血及动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死有关。     

微量白蛋白尿与血浆高敏C反应蛋白的关系

目的探讨微量白蛋白尿(MA)与血浆高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)水平的关系。方法采用ELISA的方法分别对746名国人血浆hsCRP和尿微量白蛋白水平进行检测,并进行统计学分析。结果MA组血浆hsCRP水平显著高于对照组[(2.23±3.35)mg/L比(1.68±2.58)mg/L,P<0.05];血浆hsCRP水平超过0.77mg/L时,MA的发生率明显增加(P<0.05);MA的发生与hsCRP水平成正相关(OR=1.153,P<0.05)。结论hsCRP水平升高可能参与MA的发生,提示炎症反应可能具有促进内皮功能损害的作用。     

小血管病变所致急性腔隙性脑梗死与尿微量白蛋白的相关性研究

目的探讨小血管病变所致的急性腔隙性脑梗死与尿微量白蛋白的相关性。方法回顾性分析2012年11月—2014年4月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院神经内科住院的急性腔隙性脑梗死患者136例的临床资料,并根据颈动脉彩色多普勒超声及头部MR血管成像将其分为小血管病变(CSVD)组(72例)和大血管病变(CLVD)组(64例)。观察并比较两组患者尿微量白蛋白水平。应用SAS 9.1软件进行统计学分析,采用多因素Logistic回归分析方法确定小血管病变所致的急性腔隙性脑梗死的独立危险因素。结果 CSVD组尿微量白蛋白浓度[(22±13)mg/L]明显低于CLVD组[(29±14)mg/L],差异有统计学意义(P0.05);CSVD组与CLVD组患者尿微量白蛋白水平增高情况差异有统计学意义(P0.01),其中CSVD组尿微量白蛋白浓度为10~30mg/L(轻度增高)患者的比例[56.9%(41/72)]较CLVD组[26.6%(17/64)]有增高趋势。Logistic回归分析结果显示,尿微量白蛋白轻度增高与小血管病变所致急性腔隙性脑梗死相关(OR=3.130,95%CI:1.481~6.618,P0.01)。结论尿微量白蛋白轻度增高是小血管病变所致急性腔隙性脑梗死的独立危险因素。     

肥胖类型与脑卒中亚型的相关性研究

目的探讨肥胖类型与脑卒中亚型的相关性。方法将573例急性脑卒中患者分为脑出血组126例,脑梗死组447例,脑梗死组再分为脑血栓形成组(215例)和腔隙性脑梗死组(232例),另外选择277例无脑卒中者为对照组。测量腰围、臀围和体重,计算体重指数和腰臀比(WHR),分析肥胖参数与脑卒中各亚组的关系。结果脑卒中各亚组与对照组肥胖发生率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);各组WHR明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。WHR增大明显增加脑卒中各亚组的危险性(P<0.05);女性腹围增大患腔隙性脑梗死危险性升高(P<0.05);男性体重增加患脑出血的危险性升高(P<0.01)。结论腹型肥胖是脑出血、脑血栓形成和腔隙性脑梗死的危险因素之一。     

老年缺血性脑卒中合并脑微出血的危险因素

目的分析老年缺血性脑卒中合并脑微出血的危险因素。方法 211例老年缺血性脑卒中患者依据是否合并脑微出血分为观察组52例(合并脑微出血);对照组159例(无脑微出血)。结果观察组高血压、合并脑卒中史比例、低密度脂蛋白水平、血纤维蛋白原水平、腔隙性脑梗死数及脑白质疏松程度评分均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。腔隙性脑梗死数(OR:4.165;95%CI:1.251~3.581;P0.001)、脑白质疏松程度评分(OR:3.126;95%CI:2.169~4.380;P=0.005)及血纤维蛋白原水平(OR:1.861;95%CI:1.368~2.197;P=0.031)是影响老年缺血性脑卒中合并脑微出血的独立危险因素。结论近四分之一老年缺血性脑卒中患者合并脑微出血,明确其危险因素有利于辅助临床医师制定更合理的诊疗方案。     

腔隙性脑梗死危险因素分析

腔隙性脑梗死作为一种独立的缺血性脑卒中 ,越来越受到临床重视 ,它与其他类型的脑卒中有着共同的危险因素。 2 0 0 0年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年 12月我科收治了 2 13例缺血性脑卒中患者。现就腔隙性脑梗死危险因素进行探讨。临床资料1.一般资料 :缺血性脑卒中患者 2 13例 ,年龄 48～ 85岁 ,平均年龄 (64± 8.2 )岁 ,男性 12 2例 ,女性 91例。 (1)腔隙性脑梗死组 (ＬＡＣ组 ) 5 6例 ,年龄 48～ 84岁 ,平均年龄 (63 .4± 8.1)岁 ,男性 3 8例 ,女性 2 1例。患者为中老年发病 ,有腔隙性综合征表现 ,均经头部ＣＴ和 (或 )ＭＲＩ证实 ,预后良好 ,个别病…     

血清超敏C反应蛋白和同型半胱氨酸与缺血性脑卒中的相关性

目的:探讨缺血性脑卒中患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与缺血性脑卒中病情严重程度的相关性。方法:选择131例缺血性脑卒中患者(脑卒中组),根据神经功能缺损程度评分标准分为轻型组59例、中型组41例和重型组31例;根据梗死面积分为腔隙性脑梗死组(55例)、小梗死组(46例)和大梗死组(30例)。另选择同期健康体检者(98例,健康对照组),检测所有研究对象血清hsCRP、Hcy水平,并分析其与缺血性脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度及梗死面积的相关性。结果:缺血性脑卒中患者血清hsCRP、Hcy水平明显高于健康对照组(P均=0.001);与轻型组比较,中型组和重型组hsCRP[(4.43±0.42)mg/L比(6.78±1.48)mg/L比(9.52±1.73)mg/L]、Hcy[(17.49±1.32)μmol/L比(22.18±1.83)μmol/L比(26.01±2.37)μmol/L]水平明显升高,且重型组hsCRP、Hcy水平明显高于中型组(P均=0.001);与腔隙性脑梗死组比较,小梗死组和大梗死组hsCRP[(4.13±0.53)mg/L比(7.61±1.47)mg/L比(9.49±2.18)mg/L]、Hcy[(18.49±3.27)μmol/L比(22.53±4.28)μmol/L比(27.38±5.12)μmol/L]水平明显升高,且大梗死组hsCRP、Hcy水平明显高于小梗死组(P均=0.001),Pearson相关分析显示,缺血性脑卒中患者hsCRP、Hcy水平与临床神经功能缺损程度评分、梗死面积均呈明显正相关(r=0.253~0.641,P均0.01)。结论:血清超敏C反应蛋白、同型半胱氨酸水平是评估缺血性脑卒中患者病情严重程度的重要指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.