玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带治疗复杂性视网膜脱离

目的:探讨玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带治疗复杂性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法:采用玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带治疗复杂性视网膜脱离27例,分别为脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离、病理性近视性视网膜脱离、玻璃体积血并视网膜脱离、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、玻璃体切割术后视网膜脱离复发、硅油眼视网膜脱离复发。结果:一次手术复位24例,复位率89%。主要并发症有高眼压。结论:玻璃体切割术联合巩膜扣带是治疗复杂视网膜脱离的有效方法。     

巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 观察巩膜扣带术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。方法 160例（168眼）行巩膜扣带术，术中均在双目间接检眼镜直视下定位裂孔、冷凝封闭裂孔。术后随访，观察视网膜复位情况。结果 本组病例初次手术视网膜解剖复位率94．0％。二次巩膜扣带术后视网膜解剖复位率为97．6％。结论 巩膜扣带术是治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的有效方法。合理联合视网膜下液引流、玻璃体气体填充及眼底激光光凝可提高手术成功率。     

儿童视网膜脱离临床分析

目的探讨儿童视网膜脱离的发病原因、手术方法及疗效。方法通过对术前、术后视力及不同手术方法的视网膜复位率的观察，对60例(68眼)儿童视网膜脱离进行临床疗效分析。结果25眼行巩膜外加压术，21眼(84．00％)术后6个月视网膜复位，43眼联合玻璃体切割术，24眼(55．81％)术后6个月视网膜复位。随访6个月视网膜最终复位45眼(66．18％)。结论眼外伤是儿童视网膜脱离的主要原因。巩膜外加压术、玻璃体切割术是治疗复杂性儿童视网膜脱离的有效方法之一。     

白内障超声乳化人工晶体术后视网膜脱离临床分析

目的 探讨超声乳化白内障人工晶体术后视网膜脱离的特点及手术疗效。方法 对16例视网膜脱离患者做常规巩膜扣带术或玻璃体切割联合眼内填充进行回顾性分析。结果 视网膜脱离手术后完全复位14例，一次复位率为87．5％，另2例患者经二次手术后完全复位，视力均有不同程度提高。结论 对该类患者术前应仔细检查，选择合适的手术方式尽早施行手术，以提高疗效。     

巩膜外硅压联合玻璃体切割术治疗人工晶状体或无晶状体眼视网膜脱离

目的:探讨在治疗人工晶状体或无晶状体眼视网膜脱离中巩膜硅压联合玻璃体切割术比单纯巩膜硅压手术的优越性。方法:回顾性分析30例我院联合手术治疗的人工晶状体或无晶状体眼视网膜脱离患者的临床资料。各位患者均采用巩膜外硅压联合玻璃体切割手术修复脱离的视网膜,术后随诊3～14mo,对手术后的解剖复位、视力提高情况以及并发症进行考察。结果:所有患者(30眼)均1次手术复位成功并有不同程度的视力提高,没有发现任何玻璃体切割手术的并发症。结论:在治疗人工晶状体或无晶状体眼视网膜脱离中,巩膜外硅压联合玻璃体切割术比单纯巩膜硅压手术有明显的优越性,其成功率的提高与玻璃体切割术提高周边视网膜的可见度,以及减少PVR的发生相关。     

人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的手术治疗

目的观察人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的手术治疗效果。方法16例16眼患者，依据增生性玻璃体视网膜病变分级以及固定皱褶的部位，术前是否发现裂孔及裂孔部位选择手术。外路手术以巩膜环扎加外垫压冷凝放液及必要时的眼内注气；内外路结合手术以巩膜环扎加玻璃体切割及必要时的眼内注气或硅油注入加激光或冷凝。结果最终视网膜复位率达100％；一次手术复位12例，复位率75％；3例二次手术复位，1例3次手术复位。结论合理的选择手术方式，可以提高人工晶体眼视网膜脱离的复位率。     

白内障术后视网膜脱离的治疗

目的探讨白内障术后孔源性视网膜脱离的手术方法及效果。方法本组23例(23眼),8例行最小量巩膜外垫压术,15例行玻璃体切除术,术后随访3~24月。结果本组23例中,20例视网膜复位,另3例视网膜脱离复发,经再次手术视网膜复位。术后视力提高20例,不变3例。结论最小量巩膜外垫压术或玻璃体切除术可有效地治疗白内障术后孔源性视网膜脱离。     

显微镜下外路孔源性视网膜脱离复位术的疗效

目的：探讨在手术显微镜下外路手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效。 方法：对55例55眼孔源性视网膜脱离采用在手术显微镜下放视网膜下液,寻找视网膜裂孔,巩膜外冷凝,巩膜外垫压,玻璃体腔注无菌空气等方法进行治疗。 结果：患者50例一次外路手术视网膜脱离完全复位。随访6~12mo,最终复位率为91%,1例二次外路手术复位,4例复发视网膜脱离,行玻璃体切割手术复位。55例患者视力不同程度提高。 结论：在显微镜直视下行外路手术治疗孔源性视网膜脱离是一种简便、安全、有效的方法。     

玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血的疗效观察

目的观察玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血的疗效。方法分析我院自2004年以来收治的玻璃体积血患者25例（25眼），其中视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）10例（10眼），糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）8例（8眼），眼外伤5例（5眼），孔源性视网膜脱离（RD）2例（2眼），全部患者均经睫状体平坦部行闭合式巩膜三通道玻璃体切割术，其中20眼联合行视网膜光凝术，3眼联合硅油填充术，5眼行C3F8注气术，5眼联合巩膜外环扎术。结果术后随访6个月以上，25例患者仅1例视力无提高，其余24例术后视力均较术前提高，其中1例DR患者术后发生孔源性视网膜脱离二次玻切术网膜复位。2例DR患者发生视网膜再次出血，予药物治疗，出血渐吸收。结论玻璃体切割术治疗玻璃体积血疗效明显。     

合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离临床特点及手术疗效分析

目的:分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离的临床特点及手术治疗效果。方法:合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离患者64例64眼,26例行巩膜扣带术,38例行玻璃体视网膜手术,术中均不行巩膜外冷凝,观察眼部表现及手术复位率等情况,分析合并脉络膜脱离的裂孔性视网膜脱离临床特点。结果:本组病例>-6.00D高度近视占总病例数的41%。64例合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离均有葡萄膜炎反应,眼压2.00～8.00mmHg;26例行巩膜扣带术,19例视网膜复位,复位率73%,行玻璃体视网膜手术38例,32例视网膜复位,一次手术复位率84%。结论:合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离高度近视眼、人工晶状体眼及无晶状体眼多发,视网膜光凝替代术中巩膜外冷凝可能提高视网膜复位率及减少术后复发率。     

Combined surgery, phacoemulsification, implantation of intraocular lens and pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, technical feasibility and incidence of complications after combining pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of combined vitreoretinal and cataract surgery in 100 eyes of 96 patients were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 months. All patients had clinically significant lens opacities and vitreoretinal pathology requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Indications for vitreoretinal surgery included: persistent vitreous haemorrhage (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with tractional retinal detachment (50 eyes), tractional retinal detachment without vitreous haemorrhage caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7 eyes), rheumatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (10 eyes) and dislocated crystalline lens in the vitreous (5 eyes). RESULTS: Postoperatively, best corrected visual acuity improved in 81 eyes (81%)- by two lines or more in 31 eyes (31%) - by less than two lines in 50 eyes (50%). In 14 eyes (14%) visual acuity was unchanged and was worse in 5 cases (5%). Postoperative complications included fibrin reaction, posterior synechias of the iris, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification, redetachment of retina. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases confirm previous study, that performing phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and vitrectomy in one operation is safe and allows visual recovery with good technical results.     

Early vitrectomy for progressive diabetic proliferations covering the macula.

The clinical course in 50 eyes was analysed after pars plana vitrectomy for progressive diabetic fibrovascular proliferations. Patients were assigned to pars plana vitrectomy if progression of proliferations occurred despite a photocoagulation treatment with a mean number of 3500 burns and additional peripheral cryoablation. All cases had visual impairment because of fibrovascular tissue covering the macula without detachment of the macula. Flat proliferations were present in all eyes without retinal elevation, vitreous detachment, or vitreous haemorrhage. The follow up intervals ranged from 13 months to 39 months (mean interval 24 months). Twelve months postoperatively, 36 eyes (72%) showed improved visual acuity, five eyes (10%) were worse, and nine eyes (18%) were unchanged. Thirty two eyes (64%) achieved a final visual acuity of 0.2 or better, and 45 eyes (90%) gained 0.05 or better. In only two eyes could reproliferation be observed. The postoperative course indicates that pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic fibrovascular proliferations covering the macula can preserve socially useful visual acuity of at least 0.05 in most cases.     

Epiretinal membrane formation after pars plana vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy]

Recurrent epiretinal membranes are a major contributing factor to functional and visual failures after pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative vitreoretinal disorders. In this study 222 consecutive eyes that have had pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (operated in 1986 und 1987) were evaluated retrospectively. The study focuses on a subgroup of 108 consecutive eyes all with preoperative tractional retinal detachment and all operated with primary silicone oil injection. A minimum follow up of six months was present in 90% of these cases. Permanent visual success was observed in 40% of the eyes, most of which had dense vitreous hemorrhage preoperatively. Multivariant analysis revealed that among several potential risk factors recurrent epiretinal membranes as well as silicone oil were significantly associated with visual failure. Because of the high incidence of recurrent epiretinal membranes associated with poor functional results silicone oil injection following pars plana vitrectomy should be employed restrictively in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.     

Vitrectomy in the management of intraocular foreign bodies and their complications.

Twenty-six eyes with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) and/or their sequelae were treated by pars plana vitrectomy and associated surgery. One-step removal of the IOFB in combination with pars plana vitrectomy resulted in early visual rehabilitation and minimal complications. Of 11 eyes with IOFB treated by primary vitrectomy at the time of IOFB removal 20/50 or better visual acuity was obtained in 10 (91%). Four of these eyes had retinal injury, 3 of which were successfully repaired without subsequent complication and with retention of good visual function. In 3 eyes IOFBs were not removed owing to chronic retinal encapsulation. These eyes continue to retain good visual acuity, and ERG studies show no evidence of retinal toxicity. Of 12 eyes in which vitrectomy was performed for sequelae of IOFB only 5 (41%) showed visual improvement better than 20/50. Only in 2 of 7 eyes with tractional retinal detachment could the retina be reattached. In cases of retinal injury primary vitrectomy, cryocoagulation, and scleral buckling are suggested for prevention of late traction retinal detachment.     

Entry-site-related retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: Today, pars plana vitrectomy represents a standard surgical procedure for a number of retinal diseases that were previously considered inoperable. The aim of the present study is to investigate the entry site of pars plana vitrectomy as a possible source of retinal detachment. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively all cases of uncomplicated pars plana vitectomies because of macular hole, macular pucker and diabetic macular oedema performed in our department between 1 January 2001 and 7 July 2004. RESULTS: Over 3.5 years, 244 pars plana vitrectomies because of macular disease were performed. Sclerotomy-related retinal detachment was observed in 11 (4.5%) cases. These retinal detachments occurred at a mean of 37 (2-100) days after surgery. They appeared within the first 4 weeks in 55% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic retinal breaks and detachment continue to be a severe complication of pars plana vitrectomy, despite improvements in instrumentation and surgical techniques. A 4.5% incidence of sclerotomy-related retinal detachment after simple vitrectomy calls for action. Current approaches to reduce this complication - such as circular peripheral cryoretinopexy, scleral buckling or 360 degrees laser treatment - are invasive. We recommend extended vitreous base cleaning with scleral indentation and examination of the entry sites, performed with a three-mirror lens or via careful indirect ophthalmoscopy into the periphery, 4 weeks after surgery.     

玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死的疗效分析

目的分析玻璃体切除术治疗急性视网膜坏死的效果。方法急性视网膜坏死施行玻璃体切除术24例（24眼）。其中视网膜脱离者13例,未脱离者11例。均行常规玻璃体切除术,其中3例联合白内障手术,15例行玻璃体切除术＋硅油填充,4例单纯玻璃体切除术,2例联合巩膜外垫压。5例硅油取出后再次出现视网膜脱离,进行二次玻璃体切除＋硅油填充术。结果24例中7例术后视力较术前提高两行,8例视力无明显改善,9例术后视力继续下降。其中有5例硅油取出后出现视网膜脱离复发,再次玻璃体切除＋硅油填充术,术后视力未见明显改善。结论玻璃体切除术在治疗急性视网膜坏死长期效果差,我们期待高效抗病毒药物及有效抑制眼内免疫反应的药物能够早日在临床上应用。     

玻璃体手术治疗自发性玻璃体积血

目的观察玻璃体手术治疗非糖尿病性自发玻璃体积血的疗效及其与手术时机的关系。方法45例(46眼)非糖尿病性自发玻璃体积血行标准三通道闭合式玻璃体切除并联合眼内激光光凝等手术,并对不同时机手术的患者术后视力及并发症进行分析。结果1月以内手术者术后视力均提高。1月以上手术者14眼中术后视力提高者2眼,不变8眼,下降3眼。手术并发症主要为术中出血和医源孔及术后高眼压。术中医源孔和术后视网膜脱离均为1月以上手术者。结论玻璃体手术治疗非糖尿病性自发玻璃体浓密积血者疗效佳,并发症少。考虑玻璃体积血为视网膜裂孔所致者应及时手术。     

有晶状体眼的全玻璃体切除术

目的 :探讨有晶状体眼切除全玻璃体的可能性及其效果。方法 :对 4 8例 ( 50只 )有晶状体眼患者 ,做标准经睫状体平部三通道玻璃体切除术 ,同时将基底部和睫状体平部玻璃体一起切除。其中裂孔性视网膜脱离 1 4只眼 (包括巨大裂孔 3只眼 ) ,闭合性眼外伤 4只眼和开放性眼外伤 1 1只眼 (包括化脓性眼内炎 2只眼 ) ,黄斑部疾病 7只眼 ,各种原因玻璃体出血 5只眼 ,静脉周围炎 4只眼 ,急性视网膜坏死综合征 3只眼 ,糖尿病性视网膜病变 2只眼。手术后定期检查视力、眼球前段、眼底和眼压 ,最后复诊时用压陷三面镜检查并在再次手术中探查睫状体平部。结果 :充分全玻璃体切除 38只眼 ,部分全玻璃体切除 1 2只眼。无巩膜穿刺孔玻璃体嵌顿和轻度嵌顿者占 86 % ,未发生前段增生性玻璃体视网膜病变。无咬伤晶状体和睫状体并发症。一次手术成功率是 90 % ,再次视网膜和玻璃体手术总的成功率是 94 % ,患者视力较术前明显提高 (P <0 .0 5)。主要并发症是医源性视网膜裂孔、角膜上皮水肿、巩膜穿刺孔并发症、青光眼、视网膜再脱离和术中术后白内障。结论 :有晶状体眼全玻璃体切除术切实可行 ,能预防或减少与巩膜穿刺孔相关的并发症和前段增生性玻璃体视网膜病变。     

Incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment after vitrectomy in eyes of diabetic patients

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) among diabetic patients with complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: Ninety-three eyes of diabetic patients-who underwent PPV with or without intraocular gas tamponade for complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy-were reviewed retrospectively. Indication for vitrectomy was vitreous hemorrhage in 80 patients (86.1%), tractional retinal detachment in 3 (3.2%), and vitreous hemorrhage associated with tractional retinal detachment in 10 (10.7%). RESULTS: Four (4.3%) of 93 eyes developed an RRD after vitrectomy. The primary reason for vitrectomy was recurrent or nonresolving vitreous hemorrhage. The retina was attached with one additional surgical procedure in two of these eyes; the other two had to undergo a third operation before attachment was achieved. CONCLUSION: RRD occurs in a small percentage of patients after PPV with or without gas tamponade for vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Thorough postoperative follow-up is important to make early diagnosis and intervention possible.     

显微内窥镜下超全视网膜光凝治疗虹膜新生血管探讨

目的 探讨眼显微内窥镜在玻璃体切除术后虹膜新生血管超全视网膜光凝中的作用.方法 回顾16例16只眼玻璃体切除术后虹膜新生血管在内窥镜下行超全视网膜光凝的临床资料.选择玻璃体切除术后,术中行部分视网膜光凝.病因为糖尿病视网膜病变8只眼、视网膜中央静脉阻塞6只眼、视网膜血管炎2只眼;10眼人工晶体眼、6只眼无晶体眼,瞳孔难以散大;2只眼眼压高,14只眼正常;虹膜新生血管Ⅰ期14只眼、Ⅱ期2只眼.三腔内窥镜进入眼内进行视网膜超全光凝.对比观察虹膜新生血管消退情况、眼压、视力变化及并发症出现,随访3月至3年.结果 15眼1次超全视网膜光凝术后3个月虹膜新生血管消退,1眼继发新生血管性青光眼,眼压术后恢复正常,视力治疗前后无明显变化,未见虹膜损伤、视网膜脱离、眼内炎等手术并发症.结论 超全视网膜光凝是治疗虹膜新生血管的有效手段.玻璃体切除术后人工晶体或无晶体眼瞳孔难以散大情况下,显微内窥镜下的眼内视网膜光凝是可靠选择,可作为眼外视网膜光凝的有力补充.