睑缘炎患者睑板腺形态变化及其与干眼的关系

背景 睑缘炎是一种常见的眼表疾病,常累及睑板腺体,而睑板腺体所分泌的脂质是泪膜的重要组成成分之一.泪膜稳定性的破坏可导致干眼相关症状,可以说睑缘炎是干眼发病的因素之一,但二者之间的关系有待进一步研究. 目的 使用非接触式红外线睑板腺观察仪观察睑缘炎患者睑板腺腺体的形态,并与干眼相关检查进行相关性分析. 方法 采用病例观察的设计方法对睑缘炎患者睑板腺形态改变与干眼症的关系进行研究.选取2010年9月至2011年4月于河南省眼科研究所眼科门诊依据PPP标准诊断为睑缘炎的患者83例83眼,取得患者的知情同意后,在裂隙灯下行眼前节检查睑缘畸形评分、泪液分泌( Schirmer Ⅰ)试验、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色评分及结膜充血评分,采用泪膜干涉仪行泪膜形态分级,采用非接触式红外线睑板腺摄像仪行睑板腺腺体缺失分级,对睑缘炎睑板腺腺体缺失分级与上述检查结果的关系进行评估.结果 不同年龄组不同性别间睑缘炎的频数分布差异无统计学意义(x2=2.69,P=0.75).睑缘炎患者的睑板腺腺体缺失分级与年龄星弱的正相关(r=0.58,P=0.00),但与性别无明显相关性(r=-0.09,P=0.99);患者睑板腺体缺失与睑缘畸形评分及结膜充血评分均呈弱的正相关(r=0.64,P=0.00;r=0.50,P=0.00);与泪膜影像分级及角膜染色评分均呈弱的正相关(r=0.23,P=0.04;r=0.50,P=0.00),与BUT呈弱的负相关(r=-0.32,P=0.00),但与Schirmer Ⅰ试验结果无明显相关性(r=-0.05,P=0.69).不同年龄组男性和女性的睑板腺缺失分级评分差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.09,P=0.93).结论 睑缘炎可引起蒸发过强型干眼,且患者的睑板腺体随年龄的增长缺失程度加重.非接触式红外线睑板腺观察仪作为一种有效、快速、无刺激地观察睑板腺体形态的仪器,可作为一项常规检查来辅助诊断睑缘炎.     

老年干眼患者眼表改变及其与睑板腺功能障碍的相关性

目的 探讨老年人干眼的眼表改变及其与睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD)的相关性.方法 选取2012年1月至10月于本院确诊为干眼、年龄60岁以上的患者83例(83眼)为干眼组,另选择门诊60岁以上同期健康体检者30人作为对照组,两组均进行症状问卷调查及泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(Schimer Ⅰ test,SIt)和MGD检查,对两组检查结果进行分析比较,同时观察BUT、年龄与MGD严重性的相关性.结果 干眼组患者BUT为(4.0±2.8)s,SIt为(5.1±4.6) mm,对照组分别为(11.1±6.1)s、(15.4±8.1)mm,差异均有统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).干眼组中伴发MGD者51例(61.4％),对照组中伴发MGD者12例(40.0％),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干眼组、对照组MGD严重性与BUT均呈负相关(r=0.254、0.178,均为P＜0.05).干眼组不同年龄间MGD严重性差异有统计学意义(P =0.012),而对照组无统计学意义(P =0.175).结论 老年人干眼存在眼表改变,MGD可能是其重要病因.     

视频终端干眼患者眼表及睑板腺的分析

目的　探讨睑板腺腺体缺失和睑板腺脂质排出难易程度在年轻视频终端干眼患者眼部不适症状中的作用。方法　选择２０１４年１０月至２０１５年１月就诊于天津医科大学眼科医院屈光角膜门诊临床诊断为视频终端干眼的患者５０例（１００眼）。根据视频时间分为２组:短视频组（每天≤４ｈ）２８例、长视频组（每天＞４ｈ）２２例。根据眼表疾病评分指数（ｏｃｕｌａｒｓｕｒｆａｃｅｄｉｓ-ｅａｓｅｉｎｄｅｘ,ＯＳＤＩ）分为２组:轻、中度症状组（１３．０≤ＯＳＤＩ≤３２．５）３０例,重度症状组（３２．５＜ＯＳＤＩ≤１００．０）２０例。利用眼表分析仪及裂隙灯显微镜分别进行泪河高度、泪膜破裂时间、睑板腺、角膜荧光素染色及睑板腺脂质排出状况的评估。根据数据的正态分布和方差齐性,采用两独立样本ｔ检验。结果　长视频组与短视频组ＯＳＤＩ分别为２８．１５±１１．２８、２２．９３±９．７５,泪膜破裂时间分别为（５．８４±１．９５）ｓ、（４．７５±１．５９）ｓ,角膜荧光素染色评分分别为３．０８±１．７０、２．２１±２．０２,睑板腺缺失等级分别为２．５０±１．１１、１．８９±０．９１,睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分分别为２．１１±０．８０、１．７５±０．８６,两组间差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。长视频组与短视频组泪河高度分别为（０．１９±０．０４）ｍｍ、（０．２０±０．０４）ｍｍ,差异无显著性（Ｐ＝０．０６９）。严重症状组与轻、中度症状组的泪膜破裂时间［（４．６８±１．７７）ｓ、（５．６１±１．８１）ｓ］、角膜荧光素染色评分（３．５０±１．５０、２．１０±２．０１）、睑板腺缺失等级（２．４８±１．０１、２．０５±１．０３）及睑板腺脂质排出难易度评分（２．２３±０．６２、１．８０±０．９０）相比差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,严重症状组与轻、中度症状组的泪河高度分别为（０．１９±０．０５）ｍｍ、（０．２０±０．０４）ｍｍ,差异无显著性（Ｐ＝０．４２８）。睑板腺缺失与ＯＳＤＩ评分及角膜荧光素染色评分呈正相关（ｒ＝０．２２２,Ｐ＝０．０２６;ｒ＝０．２４１,Ｐ＝０．０１６）;睑板腺脂质排出难易程度与ＯＳＤＩ评分及角膜荧光素染色评分呈正相关（ｒ＝０．２０５,Ｐ＝０．０４１;ｒ＝０．３１１,Ｐ＝０．００２）。结论　视频终端干眼患者泪液量与视频时间和眼部症状严重程度无显著相关性。睑板腺缺失及睑板腺脂质排出难度增加可能是引起视频终端干眼眼部不适的重要因素。     

长期使用0.1 g·L-1阿托品对青少年近视患者泪液分泌、泪膜稳定性及睑板腺形态的影响

目的 探讨长期使用0.1 g·L^-1阿托品对青少年近视患者泪液分泌、泪膜稳定性及睑板腺形态的影响。方法 随机选取2021年12月至2022年3月就诊于天津医科大学眼科医院视光门诊及近视防控门诊的青少年近视患者120例120眼作为研究对象。根据是否使用阿托品将患者分为两组：试验组60例60眼,患者规律使用0.1 g·L^-1阿托品滴眼液24个月及以上;对照组60例60眼,患者仅配戴单光框架眼镜且近6个月内未使用人工泪液等药物。收集并比较两组患者眼表疾病指数评分、泪河高度、侵入性泪膜破裂时间、非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间、非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色评分等指标;并进行睑板腺形态评估,包括睑板腺缺失率和睑板腺弯曲腺体个数。结果 试验组患者眼表疾病指数评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者泪河高度、非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间、非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间、侵入性泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色评分差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。两组患者上、下眼睑的睑板腺缺失率及总睑板腺缺失率,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0....     

睑板腺功能障碍所致干眼的治疗

睑板腺功能障碍(meibomian gland dysfuction,MGD)是一种慢性、弥漫性睑板腺异常,它通常以睑板腺终末导管的阻塞和(或)睑板腺分泌物质或量改变为特征,睑板腺阻塞是MGD最常见的原因,而MGD是蒸发过强性干眼最主要的病因,近年来随着MGD所致及干眼症的发病率提高,也受到越来越多的国内外学者的关注,虽然国际上对MGD的治疗等尚无统一标准,但现比较认可的治疗方法主要是去除病因、局部和全身治疗,包括物理治疗、药物治疗、人工泪液替代疗法、营养支持治疗、激素治疗、中医治疗等,本文主要就近年来国内外关于MGD所致干眼症的治疗做一综述。     

不同年龄段干眼症患者的睑板腺分析

目的：分析不同年龄段干眼症患者睑板腺情况。
　　方法：选取2015-11/2016-04就诊于我院的干眼症患者301例598眼,按年龄分为8组,分别为A~H组。应用眼表综合分析仪检查各组干眼症患者睑板腺腺体缺失情况、腺体形态变化、睑板腺开口阻塞及睑酯情况,分析比较各组之间的睑板腺变化规律。
　　结果：所有患者均有不同程度睑板腺腺体缺失,各组之间腺体缺失面积比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=336, P<0.05)。 A组腺体数目无减少, B~H各组之间腺体数目减少比较,差异有统计学意义(F=36.4357,P<0.05)。腺体形态从40岁开始逐渐变细,其与年龄呈反相关。睑板腺开口阻塞情况及睑酯的性状,各组之间无明显差异。结论：眼表综合分析仪能客观精准地检查出干眼症患者的睑板腺情况,提供不同年龄段干眼症患者睑板腺变化规律的量化结果,为干眼症的病因诊断提供判断依据,指导临床治疗。     

睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的诊疗进展

近年来随着电子产品终端使用频率的增加,干眼的发病率也逐年攀升,严重影响人们的工作与生活。干眼是最常见的眼表疾病,通常由多种因素引起,其中睑板腺功能障碍是引起干眼的主要因素之一。睑板腺分泌异常或导管阻塞均会引起蒸发过强型干眼的发生。本综述通过总结相关文献,对睑板腺功能障碍相关干眼的病因、病理、诊断、相关治疗进行阐述。     

非侵入式眼表综合分析仪评估近视青少年干眼和睑板腺功能障碍

目的 通过问卷调查和临床检查分析青少年近视患者干眼和眼表状况.方法 选取248例(496眼)7～18岁近视青少年患者为研究对象,进行眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index,OSDI)问卷调查,裂隙灯下行眼前节检查,格瓦拉-眼表综合分析仪Keratograph 5M检查眼表.根据OSDI干眼分级标准将患者分为干眼组(47例94眼)和正常组(201例402眼),分别对两组的眼表和睑板腺状况进行评估与比较.结果 近视儿童干眼发病率为18.95％.干眼组泪河高度为(0.23±0.03)mm,正常组为(0.22±0.03) mm,两组泪河高度均在正常范围内(泪河高度＞0.20 mm).干眼组和正常组的OSD1值分别为(27.02±14.35)分、(7.29±3.36)分,角膜荧光素染色评分分别为(3.51±1.67)分、(1.23±2.32)分,这两项指标在干眼组均明显高于正常组(P ＜0.001),NIBUT小于正常组(P ＜0.001).干眼组中睑板腺开口状况评分、睑板腺脂质分泌物性状评分、睑板腺缺失评分均明显高于正常组(均为P＜0.0001),纳入的248例近视青少年的睑板腺参数与角膜荧光素染色评分有正相关性(P＜0.0001),与非侵入性泪膜破裂时间有负相关性(P＜0.05),但与泪河高度无相关性(P＞0.05),OSDI值与非侵入性泪膜破裂时间呈负相关(rs=-0.982,P=0.000),与睑板腺的缺失评分呈正相关(rs=0.838,P =0.000).结论 睑板腺功能障碍是近视青少年人群干眼的重要病因之一,Keratograph 5M非侵入式眼表综合分析仪可无创性客观评价近视青少年患者眼表的情况.     

睑板腺检查前后脂质层厚度变化的研究

目的 使用LipiView眼表面光干涉仪研究患者行睑板腺检查前后泪膜脂质层厚度(LLT))的变化.方法 使选取2019年5～10月在武汉爱尔眼科医院就诊的42例(84只眼)干眼患者作为试验组,选择42例(84只眼)健康人作为对照组.所有入选者都按照以下顺序进行检查:使用LipiView眼表面光干涉仪计算LLT,用Ker...     

综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的疗效观察

目的:观察综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼的疗效。方法:选择本院睑板腺功能障碍性干眼患者86例172眼,给予泪膜破裂时间测定、角膜染色及分级,以及通过红外线睑板腺分析仪、睑板腺挤压试验,分别观察睑板腺腺体缺失评分及睑板腺分泌物性状评分等方法明确诊断后,在不同阶段采取综合治疗后(综合治疗包括清洁、热敷、按摩联合妥布霉素地塞米松眼液、普拉洛芬滴眼液和聚乙二醇滴眼液等),对其治疗的有效性进行评定分析。结果:对86例172眼患者经治疗3wk时进行观察,其中46例92眼治愈,29例58眼有效,11例22眼无效,总有效率87.2%。治疗6wk时观察,其中68例136眼治愈,13例26眼有效,5例10眼无效,总有效率94.2%,治疗过程中未出现眼部及全身不良反应。结论:采取综合治疗睑板腺功能障碍性干眼,可有效缩短病程,快速解除睑板腺管阻塞,恢复睑板腺分泌功能及泪膜脂质层的稳定性,积极有效的减轻了患者干眼症状的不适感。     

The impact of contact lenses on meibomian gland morphology

Despite years of experience with contact lenses, controversy remains as to whether contact lenses adversely impact the meibomian glands (MG). This review summarizes the present body of evidence, showing that contact lens wear is associated with alterations in MG morphology (up to 80% higher gland atrophy compared to non-wearers) and qualitative changes in MG secretion. Key factors such as duration of contact lens wear, contact lens type (e.g., soft vs. rigid), edge design, and material modulus of elasticity are discussed in relation to the extent of MG morphological changes, the quality of MG secretion and other ocular surface parameters. Longitudinal studies of sufficient statistical power are needed to better understand how contact lens wear affects the MG, risk factors, and the clinical sequelae of these changes.     

Effects of meibomian gland dysfunction and aqueous deficiency on friction-related disease

PurposeTo evaluate the effects of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and aqueous deficiency (AD) on friction-related disease (FRD).MethodsCross-sectional comparative study. This study included 550 eyes (550 patients) with dry eye disease (DED). The DED subtype and dynamic tear-film parameters by automated assessments were investigated for the analysis of FRD (superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, conjunctivochalasis, and lid wiper epitheliopathy).ResultsPatients with FRD had a higher proportion of moderate-to-severe MGD and AD (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The dropout rate of the meibomian gland was higher (30.5 ± 31.8 and 14.1 ± 25.0%, p < 0.001), tear meniscus height (TMH) was lower (227.8 ± 60.4 and 241.7 ± 55.6 μm, p = 0.008), and he first non-invasive keratographic tear break-up time (NIKBUT-1) was shorter (5.9 ± 3.5 and 7.3 ± 3.7 s, p < 0.001) in patients with FRD than in those without FRD. In the logistic regression analysis with clinical manifestation, both moderate-to-severe MGD and AD were associated with FRD (odds ratios [OR] 12.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.72–19.50, and 2.31, 95% CI 1.43–3.71], p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The dropout rate was positively associated with FRD (OR 1.017, 95% CI 1.010–1.023, p < 0.001). TMH and NIKBUT-1 were negatively associated with FRD (OR 0.995, 95% CI 0.991–0.999, and 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.95, p = 0.039 and p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThis study showed that FRD was highly associated with MGD and meibomian gland dropout rate, suggesting that FRD may be mainly affected by lipid components. AD and TMH also had a good but relatively lower association with FRD, compared to MGD and meibomian gland dropout rate.     

Ageing and the natural history of dry eye disease: A prospective registry-based cross-sectional study

PurposeTo investigate the impact of ageing on ocular surface parameters, and empirically determine optimal prognostic cut-off ages for clinical markers of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, and meibomian gland dysfunction.MethodsA total of 1331 community residents (785 females, 546 males; mean ± SD age, 38 ± 19 years) were recruited in a prospective registry-based cross-sectional study. Dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session, in accordance with the global consensus recommendations of the TFOS DEWS II reports.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis demonstrated positive associations between ageing and clinical markers of dry eye disease (all p ≤ 0.001). The Youden-optimal prognostic cut-off ages for signs of meibomian gland dysfunction occurred during the third decade of life (24–29 years); the optimal predictive ages for lid wiper epitheliopathy, tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and dry eye symptoms occurred during the fourth decade of life (31–38 years); while the optimal prognostic thresholds for signs of aqueous tear deficiency and ocular surface staining occurred in the fifth and sixth decades of life (46–52 years).ConclusionsAdvancing age is a significant risk factor for dry eye disease, which represents a growing public health concern with the ageing population worldwide. Signs of meibomian gland dysfunction appeared earlier in the natural history of disease progression, and the brief delay prior to the development of other clinical dry eye signs might represent a window of opportunity for preventative interventions in the young adult age group.     

阻塞型睑板腺功能障碍患者睑板腺的形态学观察

背景 阻塞型睑板腺功能障碍(OMGD)是睑板腺功能障碍的常见类型,目前认为OMGD是由于睑板腺导管的阻塞和/或睑脂分泌异常导致,因此睑板腺形态学的改变具有重要的临床意义. 目的 运用Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪观察OMGD患者睑板腺的形态学改变并对其进行分析. 方法 采用前瞻性病例观察研究方法.纳入2015年1-6月在天津医科大学眼科医院确诊的OMGD患者60例60眼,同时选择60名健康体检者作为正常对照组.分别对2个组受检者进行眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷调查、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪观察睑板腺缺失情况、睑板腺开口评分及睑脂评分.根据OSDI评分分为轻度OMGD组(12.0＜ OSDI≤22.0) 23例、中度OMGD组(22.0＜OSDI≤32.0)21例和重度OMGD组(32.0＜OSDI≤100.0) 16例.分别对3个组患者的睑板腺状况进行评估与分析. 结果 OMGD组OSDI评分、睑板腺缺失评分及睑脂评分均高于正常对照组,与正常对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-9.425、-7.781、-8.954,均P＜0.05).OMGD组和正常对照组BUT分别为(6.10±1.91)s和(10.67±2.11)s,睑板腺开口评分分别为1.35±0.90和0.88 ±0.64,差异均有统计学意义(t=-12.418、3.276,均P＜0.05).轻度OMGD组、中度OMGD组和重度OMGD组间OSDI、睑板腺缺失评分及睑脂评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=52.121、37.180、13.642,均P＜0.05),BUT、睑板腺开口评分差异均有统计学意义(F=58.191、8.474,均P＜0.05).OSDI与睑板腺缺失评分、睑脂评分及睑板腺开口评分之间均呈正相关(r=0.708,P=0.000;r=0.759,P=0.000;r=0.270,P=0.003).BUT与睑板腺缺失评分、睑脂评分及睑板腺开口评分之间呈负相关(r=-0.692,P=0.000;r=-0.691,P=0.000;r=-0.192,P=0.036). 结论 Keratograph 5M眼表综合分析仪可以快速、精确地对睑板腺进行形态学观察.OMGD患者在眼表及睑板腺等方面与正常人存在差异.     

儿童与成人干眼临床表现的差异性研究

目的：探讨儿童与成人干眼临床表现的差异。

方法：选取2018-06/2019-02在我院眼科门诊就诊的具有干眼主观症状的儿童患者52例52眼(儿童组)和成人患者55例55眼(成人组),进行主观症状问诊,并采用Keratograph 5M非侵入性眼表综合分析仪进行下睑泪河高度(TMH)、首次泪膜破裂时间(BUTf)、平均泪膜破裂时间(BUTave)、泪膜脂质层厚度(LLT)、睑板腺缺失率测量。

结果：儿童组患者TMH(0.15±0.04mm)、BUTf(3.22±1.24s)、BUTave(4.27±1.67s)、睑板腺缺失率\〖0.00%(0.00%,5.03%)\〗均明显低于成人组[0.20±0.05mm、4.36±1.93s、5.15±1.49s、9.90%(5.30%,18.40%),均P<0.01],但两组患者LLT无差异(72.31±22.20nm vs 68.58±21.05nm,P>0.05)。两组患者BUTf与BUTave均呈正相关,儿童组患者LLT和睑板腺缺失率无相关性(r_s=-0.23,P=0.10),而成人组患者LLT和睑板腺缺失率呈负相关(r_s=-0.28,P<0.05)。

结论：儿童与成人干眼在症状、临床表现、检查方面均不同,症状主要为瞬目次数增加,检查主要表现为短BUT,伴随TMH降低,而睑板腺缺失率相对不明显。     

Systemic risk factors of dry eye disease subtypes: A New Zealand cross-sectional study

PurposeTo evaluate systemic risk factors of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, and meibomian gland dysfunction.MethodsThree hundred and seventy-two community residents (222 females, 150 males; mean ± SD age, 39 ± 22 years) were recruited in a cross-sectional study. Past medical history, dry eye symptomology, ocular surface characteristics, and tear film quality were evaluated for each participant within a single clinical session. The diagnosis of dry eye disease, aqueous tear deficiency, and meibomian gland dysfunction were based on the global consensus recommendations of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society's Dry Eye Workshop II (TFOS DEWS II) and International Workshop on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.ResultsOverall, 109 (29%) participants fulfilled the TFOS DEWS II criteria for dry eye disease, 42 (11%) had aqueous tear deficiency, and 95 (26%) had meibomian gland dysfunction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that systemic rheumatologic disease and antidepressant medication were independently associated with aqueous tear deficiency (both p < 0.05). Significant risk factors for meibomian gland dysfunction included age, East Asian ethnicity, migraine headaches, thyroid disease, and oral contraceptive therapy (all p ≤ 0.01).ConclusionsBoth etiological subtypes of dry eye disease were associated with a number of systemic risk factors. These findings would support routine systemic inquiry of dry eye disease and associated systemic conditions and medications, in order to facilitate opportunistic screening and timely inter-disciplinary referral where necessary.     

Exploring the Asian ethnic predisposition to dry eye disease in a pediatric population

Purpose

To investigate the differences in ocular surface characteristics, tear film parameters, and dry eye symptomology between co-located pediatric populations of Asian and Caucasian ethnicity.

Exploring topical anti-glaucoma medication effects on the ocular surface in the context of the current understanding of dry eye

Purpose

To assess tear film parameters, ocular surface characteristics, and dry eye symptomology in patients receiving topical anti-glaucoma medications.