166例乳腺癌术后辅助治疗远期疗效分析

目的：探讨乳腺癌根治术后辅助治疗的远期疗效。方法：166例乳腺癌病人（Ⅱ期90例，Ⅲ期76例）均行根治性手术治疗，术后分别采用单纯放疗、单纯化疗及化疗加放疗等辅助治疗。结果：Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者10年生存率分别为51．1％（46／90）、22．4％（17／76）。术后放疗组、术后放疗加化疗局部复发率（局部及区域淋巴结复发）均低于术后单纯化疗组（P＜0．05）；术后化疗组及术后放疗加化疗组远处转移率均低于术后单纯放疗组（P＜0．05）；术后放疗加化疗组10年生存率较术后单纯化疗及单纯放疗组明显提高（P＜0．05）。结论：Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌术后辅助放疗可以减少局部复发率，术后化疗可以减少远处转移率，术后放疗加化疗可以明显提高10年生存率。     

乳腺癌术后局部复发因素的探讨

目的：探讨乳腺癌术后局部复发的影响因素。方法：1990年1月至1992年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院乳腺科共收治女性原发乳腺癌1179例，观察肿瘤自身因素和治疗因素对术后局部复发的影响。结果：3年复发率2．3％（27／1179），5年复发率3．4％（40／1179），总复发率4．6％（54／1179）。肿瘤自身因素中，肿瘤家族史，原发肿块大小、腋下淋巴结转移数目对术后局部复发有显著影响，而年龄，病理类型，雌激素受体状态对术后局部复发无显著影响。治疗因素中，术后辅助放疗对防止复发有一定作用，而保乳术后复发率显著高于根治术和防根治术两组。结论：早期诊断，早期治疗是防止乳腺癌复发转移的有效途径。严格掌握手术适应症，改进手术操作，加强辅助治疗可减少和延缓术后局部复发。     

保乳手术治疗乳腺癌的临床观察

目的：探讨乳腺癌患者应用保乳术综合治疗的临床疗效。方法对我院45例早期乳腺癌患者按照病情需要行局部保乳切除术和腋窝淋巴结清扫，手术结束后对患侧进行放疗和内分泌综合调理治疗。治疗结束后随访3年，观察其术后生存率、复发率和转移率。结果本组患者术后3年生存率达到97.8%，复发率为6.7%，转移率为2.2%。结论在充分掌握患者症状以及手术指征的情况下行保乳术综合疗法对早期乳腺癌患者进行治疗，能够提高3年生存率，降低复发率和转移率，具有较好的临床应用前景。     

15例乳腺癌保乳治疗临床效果分析

目的：通过Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳治疗和改良根治术的比较，探讨Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳治疗的疗效。方法：回顾分析2003年1月～2005年8月我院接受保乳手术治疗的15例乳腺癌临床资料，其中Ⅰ期9例，Ⅱ期6例（ⅡA期4例、ⅡB期2例）。手术方式为肿瘤广泛切除术或象限切除术，联合腋窝淋巴结清扫。术后常规行辅助放疗、化疗和内分泌治疗。与同期107例行改良根治术常规综合治疗的Ⅰ、Ⅱ期（Ⅰ期32例、ⅡA期46例、ⅡB期29例）乳腺癌做临床疗效对比研究。结果：1）病理检查：保乳手术组手术标本石蜡病理检查各切缘均无癌浸润，腋窝淋巴结平均检出9．6枚，阳性3例（20．0%。改良根治术组腋窝淋巴结平均检出10．6枚，阳性21例（22．1％）。2）生存情况：经过19个月中住随访期（8～36个月），保乳手术组无局部复发及远处转移，全部生存。改良根治术组局部复发率为0（0／107），远处转移率1．9％（2／107），手术至远处转移间期16～27个月，转移部位分别为左锁骨上淋巴结、肺，其中1例死亡。3）两个组的近期疗效差异无统计学意义，P〉0．05。结论：Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌保乳治疗与仿根治术相比较能取得满意的疗效。规范化的切除和术后化疗、放疗、内分泌治疗等综合治疗是保乳治疗成功的关键。保乳治疗是Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌理想的治疗方法。     

乳腺癌45例保留乳房手术临床疗效及美观程度观察

目的:探讨乳腺癌保留乳房手术加术后放疗的疗效及美容效果。方法:选取87例乳腺癌患者,其中45例采用保乳术治疗,42例采用改良根治术治疗,对比两组术后生存率、局部复发率、远处转移率以及乳房外观Rose评价。结果:保乳治疗组患者3年、5年局部复发率、远处转移率及生存率分别为7.3%、9.4%和2.4、6.3%和91.1%、78.0%,与根治组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。保乳组评价乳房外观优良者34例,优良率为75.6%。乳房外观满意率为80.0%(36例),高于根治组(P<0.05)。结论:保乳综合疗法生存率、局部复发率和远处转移率与同病期改良根治术患者比较无显著差异,美容效果满意,可保全患者的生理功能和社会心理状态,提高其生活质量。     

乳腺癌改良根治术的评价25例分析

作者对乳腺癌(Ⅰ、Ⅱ期)25例行改良根治术,并与同样病期乳腺癌行传统根治术的25例作比较,结果显示两者的临床疗效相似;随访显示改良根治术与根治术组的五年生存率分别为91.3％与92.7％;两组五年无瘤生存率分别为78.3％与81.8％;局部复发率分别为11.8％与10.9％;远期转移率分别为8.1％与7.3％。两组结果无显著差异。     

直肠癌根治术后局部复发的外科治疗

直肠癌根治术后局部复发的外科治疗吕军（广西桂林医学院附属医院普外科桂林市５４１００１）关键词直肠癌；局部复发；原因；治疗直肠癌根治性切除术后，５年生存率５０％～６０％［１］。术后复发、转移是死亡的主要原因，为了延长患者的生命，对复发性直肠癌进行再手术...     

从复发性乳腺癌初步探讨根治术后辅助治疗的作用

分析９７例复发乳腺癌，探讨各期乳腺癌根治术后不同辅助治疗方法在预防复发方面的作用。结果为１期服民腺癌单纯根治术后无复发生存期为８２个月。Ⅱ期乳腺癌根治术后辅以放疗或／和化产职的病例无复发生存期明显高于单纯根治术组。Ⅲ期乳腺癌极治术后辅助治疗作用不明显。     

乳腺癌改良术后79例临床分析

总结我院乳腺癌病人改良术后治疗结果,探讨放疗的作用和放疗部位。回顾分析2004～2006年以我院行改良根治术的乳腺癌病人的临床资料。放疗显著提高无局部区域复发生存率,提高无瘤生存率和提高总生存率。腋窝淋巴结转移数≥4或T3T4乳腺癌病人改良根治术后放疗显著降低局部复发率,提高无瘤生存率和总生存率,照射部位选择锁骨上淋巴结引流区和胸壁。腋窝和内乳区效果无明显益处。     

早期乳腺癌根治术后放疗的经验总结

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌根治术后患者是否要放疗.方法 回顾性分析根治术后并经病理证实腋窝淋巴结0～3个阳性的早期乳腺癌患者生存率,计算采用Kaplan-Meier法并经Logrank检验.结果 腋窝淋巴结阴性与1～3个阳性者10年生存率分别为75.0%、63.2%,10年无瘤生存率分别为71.2%、59.6%,平均无瘤生存时间分别为(97.3±2.53)个月、(87.01±3.80)个月,局部复发率分别为7.7%、16.7%,远处转移率分别为12.8%、21.1%.结论 T1～T2期腋窝淋巴结1～3个阳性乳腺癌患者根治术后可考虑放疗,预后指数的应用似乎可选择那些复发概率较大的患者,从而尽量减少一部分患者接受不必要的放疗.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.