冠状动脉搭桥术患者的围术期护理

目的探讨冠状动脉搭桥术患者的围术期护理。方法总结行冠状动脉搭桥术的154例患者的临床护理资料,重点关注患者的术前护理、术后病情观察、并发症的观察和护理、康复护理。结果 154例行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者中,153例手术后经治疗护理顺利康复出院,1例死亡。结论冠状动脉搭桥术的围术期护理十分重要。精心的围术期护理可以帮助患者顺利度过危险期,减少和预防并发症的发生,促进患者全面康复。     

非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术围手术期护理

目的探讨非体外循环下冠状动脉搭桥术围手术期护理方法。方法对50例非体外循环下行冠状动脉搭桥患者,术前加强心理护理、控制血压、合理氧疗、呼吸功能训练、备选血管的护理等措施,术后加强患者心血管系统和呼吸系统的监测、血管活性药物应用、引流管护理、血糖监测、维持电解质平衡等措施。结果 50例患者中切口感染6例,并发快速型房颤5例,经药物治疗好转。除2例死亡外,其余患者均痊愈出院,无护理并发症。结论冠状动脉搭桥术风险大,细心、细致、周到的护理是保证手术成功的关键。     

Predictors of preoperative depressive risk in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Aims  

Depression is highly prevalent among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and represents a significant risk factor for longer hospitalization, increasing health costs and worse outcomes. Nonetheless, preoperative depression is rarely assessed in clinical practice, limiting the possibilities for effective prevention and care. Thus, we sought to develop risk models to determine the depressive risk before CABG based on sociodemographic, clinical and treatment variables.     

Cardiac risk factors in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery

Cardiac risks of noncardiac surgery are associated with some noncardiac risk factors but are primarily a function of the patient's underlying cardiac disease. Elective surgery should only be performed when the patient is in optimal condition--i.e., with no evidence of heart failure, at least 6 months after a previous myocardial infarction, and so forth. Careful monitoring of fluid status should lead to reduced cardiac morbidity and mortality after surgery in these patients.     

Stressors and anxiety in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery who have increased anxiety levels have poorer outcomes than patients with lower levels, yet few studies have identified the concerns associated with this anxiety. OBJECTIVE: To describe the concerns of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and to identify concerns that were associated with higher levels of anxiety. METHOD: Patients (n = 172) were interviewed to determine their concerns and anxiety levels before surgery, before discharge, and 10 days after discharge. Multiple regression was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. RESULTS: Although individual concerns changed over time, anxiety levels did not change from before to after surgery, remaining low to moderate. Being female and having more concerns about waiting for the surgery, being in pain/discomfort, and resuming lifestyle were predictors of increased anxiety before surgery. Predictors of increased anxiety while hospitalized after the surgery included taking anxiolytic or antidepressant medications, higher anxiety levels before surgery, concerns about personal things being inaccessible, and difficulty sleeping. Patients with higher anxiety levels after discharge were older, more anxious before surgery, and had concerns about being in pain/discomfort. CONCLUSION: Patients waiting for coronary artery bypass surgery should be routinely assessed for anxiety before the procedure, and interventions to prevent or reduce anxiety should be provided. Interventions must be multifactorial, including information and support for pain management and realistic information about surgery schedules and resuming lifestyle after the surgery. Women and older patients may need to be targeted for intervention.     

锁骨下动脉人工血管转流术患者的围手术期护理

目的探讨左-右锁骨下动脉人工血管转流术患者围手术期的临床护理要点。方法回顾并总结11例锁骨下动脉转流术围手术期的患者从术前、术中、术后护理到出院指导所实施的有效的护理干预措施。结果经系统护理，术后11例患者均顺利康复。结论系统的围手术期护理在保证手术效果，促进疾病康复方面起着关键的作用。     

锁骨下动脉人工血管转流术患者的围手术期护理

目的 探讨左-右锁骨下动脉人工血管转流术患者围手术期的临床护理要点.方法 回顾并总结11例锁骨下动脉转流术围手术期的患者从术前、术中、术后护理到出院指导所实施的有效的护理干预措施.结果 经系统护理,术后11例患者均顺利康复.结论 系统的围手术期护理在保证手术效果,促进疾病康复方面起着关键的作用.     

A cardiologist's experience undergoing quadruple coronary artery bypass surgery

This article describes the past medical history of a 76-year-old cardiologist, the symptoms which led him to have a stress echocardiogram, the results of his coronary angiography, his experience undergoing quadruple coronary artery bypass surgery, his recovery at home, his readmission and hospitalization for a massive left pleural effusion and an infection of his left foot, and his recovery at home.     

Perioperative blood glucose control during adult coronary artery bypass surgery

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CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT (CABG) procedures are among the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the United States. People with cardiovascular disease who also have diabetes have a greater risk of poor outcomes after CABG procedures than patients who do not have diabetes.

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THIS LITERATURE REVIEW examines current information regarding perioperative blood glucose (BG) control. It emphasizes BG control in adults during the hypothermic period of cardiopulmonary bypass.

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HYPERGLYCEMIA, not the diagnosis of diabetes, significantly increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes, longer hospitalizations, and increased health care costs. AORN J 81 (January 2005) 126-150.

     

冠状动脉旁路移植术患者护理体会

笔报道50例冠状动脉旁路移植术患的护理，阐述了术后在血流动力学监测、呼吸道护理、血管活性药物的应用护理、维持电解质平衡、患肢的护理、心理护理以及出院指导等方面所采取的措施，无1例出现肺部感染等重要并发症，随访5——22月，无死亡及心绞痛发作。认为术后精心监护是减少和预防冠状动脉旁路移植术后并发症的发生，使患顺利康复的重要因素。     

Comparison of symptoms of younger and older patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery

Little is known about the symptom experience throughout the trajectory of recovery for patients after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS). This study investigates the preoperative and postoperative symptoms experienced by younger (< 65 years) and older (> or = 65 years) patients (N= 102) who had undergone CABS. Reported preoperative symptoms were angina, shortness of breath, dizziness, and sweating. At 1 week post-CABS, symptoms were incisional pain, wound drainage, chest congestion, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, swollen feet, and loss of appetite; incisional pain and swollen feet were reported by a few patients at 6 weeks after CABS. The incidence and frequency of postoperative symptoms declined over time. There were several age-related differences in symptom reports prior to and at 1 and 6 weeks after the procedure. Such information can be used to plan the care of patients undergoing CABS, to prepare them for normal recovery, and to determine the need for symptom management by health care providers.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行瓣膜手术病人的护理

随着人口老龄化,冠心病合并瓣膜病病人不断增加,约占手术人群10 %～15 % [1] ,手术后早期死亡率5 %～9% [2 ] ,较单纯瓣膜置换或单纯搭桥要高。同期手术治疗可改善心肌缺血和心功能,但术后护理难度增加。我院自1998年—2 0 0 2年共完成118例冠脉搭桥术,其中有11例同期行瓣膜手术,现将护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料　　本组11例中男8例,女3例;年龄45岁～72岁,平均5 9岁。其中二尖瓣病变4例,主动脉瓣病变6例,双瓣1例。心绞痛3例。心功能(NYHA)分级:Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级4例。术前行冠状动脉造影检查显示1支血管病变6例,2支病变4例,3支病变1例,左心…     

Evaluation of coronary artery disease in patients having noncardiac surgery

Perioperative myocardial infarction and cardiac death are feared complications of noncardiac surgery. Preoperative risk assessment begins with clinical variables. There is no formula for determining who needs further evaluation. In selected patients, thallium scintigraphy or coronary arteriography is needed to define preoperative risk.     

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on pulmonary function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been implicated in causing poor pulmonary gas exchange postoperatively in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we examined the pulmonary effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in patients undergoing CABG. Twenty patients undergoing elective CABG and early tracheal extubation were randomized into two groups. Group I (ten patients) received a physiologic salt solution as a placebo in a continuous intravenous infusion for one hour before CPB and 24 hours after CPB; Group II (ten patients) received 100 mg/ kg NAC intravenously for one hour before CPB and 40 mg/kg/day at 24 hours after CPB. Perioperative hemodynamic and pulmonary data were recorded. Postoperative tracheal extubation was accomplished at the earliest appropriate time. The postoperative clinical course was similar in the two groups. Both groups exhibited significant postoperative increases in A-a oxygen gradient (p < 0.01), but patients in Group II exhibited significantly lower increases in postoperative A-a oxygen gradient (p < 0.006). Other hemodynamic and pulmonary data (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), cardiac index (CI), shunt flow, dynamic lung compliance and static lung compliance) exhibited no differences between the groups. There was no significant difference in terms of intubation time. The malondialdehyde (MDA) increase in Group II following CPB was found to be significantly lower than in Group I (p = 0.043). This clinical study reveals that administration of NAC to patients undergoing elective CABG with CPB improves systemic oxygenation. There was no effect in other pulmonary parameters and in terms of intubation time.     

Anxiety, depression and sleep in male patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery

The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of depression and anxiety following coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) and to see how those patients with depression and anxiety differ in sleeping pattern. The individual reaction to sleep loss was tested as a predictor of certain emotional symptoms in the follow-up period. Thirty-eight males, between 45 and 68 years, were interviewed prior to, and 1 month after, surgery, and received a questionnaire at the 6-month follow-up. Eighty per cent scored moderate anxiety prior to surgery and six patients were depressed. An anxiety-prone individual reactivity persisted in the same patients in 38.9% (n = 14) following CABG, with significantly more sleep disturbances, firedness, energy deficits, immobility, and lower degree of quality of life (QoL). Sad/depressed mood or cognitive/behavioural fatigue symptoms as reactions to sleep loss were predictors of sleep problems and daytime sequelae, whereas a higher postoperative NYHA class was predicted by cognitive/behavioural fatigue and dysphoria reactions. Being less refreshed by sleep on final awakening prior to surgery related to 44.5% of the variance in QoL outcome 6 months following surgery. In conclusion, an anxiety-prone individual reactivity is significantly associated with sleep disturbances. Reactions to sleep loss prior to surgery are associated with emotional distress after surgery.     

Conventional approach to glucose management for diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery

Continuous insulin infusion was not an effective mode of treatment in maintaining safe blood glucose levels (<200 mg/dl) during the intraoperative period of diabetic patients requiring open-heart surgery. The two modifications investigated to gain better control of the blood glucose were a change in the base solution of the cardioplegia and the use of a sliding insulin scale. Fifty patients including Type I and Type II diabetics were selected for the purpose of this study. The patients were then randomly divided into two groups categorized by the type of cardioplegic solution administered and the mode of insulin treatment. Group I patients received a dextrose 5%-based cardioplegic solution and blood glucose was treated via continuous intravenous insulin infusion. Group II patients received normal saline 0.9%-based cardioplegic solution and blood glucose was treated via sliding scale. Blood glucose levels were monitored pre- and postcardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and every 30 min while on CPB. Glucose values were analyzed by group t test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. When comparing Group I (mean=258 mg/dl) with Group II (mean=158 mg/dl), there was a statistically significant difference between the glucose values at each of the time intervals when the glucose values were recorded. In conclusion, Group II maintained an acceptable blood glucose level (<200 mg/dl) throughout the entire intraoperative period, which suggests that the combination of the sliding insulin scale and modification of the base cardioplegic solution was an effective mode of treatment.