乙型病毒性肝炎流行率的数学模型拟合

根据中国目前乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染状况,利用可逆催化模型对调查资料中的HBV流行率进行了数学模型拟合,其结果较为满意。     

流行病学中流行率模型的应用分析

在催化模型的应用中,对某些疾病的流行率资料拟合效果不太好,造成这个原因可能是因为模型选择不当。结合实际例子,我们对模型的选择做了初步分析,对简单催化模型及两期催化模型之间的关系及使用的条件进行了探讨。     

甲型肝炎爆发流行调查报告

1994年11月25日接到曹老集镇卫生院疫情报告:曹老集镇杨家、清河两行政村发生甲型肝炎爆发流行,接到疫情后县卫生防疫站立即组织专业人员和曹老集镇防疫人员一起奔赴现场进行调查并落实各项防治措施。     

一起甲型肝炎暴发的流行病学调查

2005年6月2日至2005年8月8日间，宽甸县一商贸区曾发生甲肝疫情，经流行病学调查，确定为一起甲型肝炎暴发，现将调查情况报告如下。[第一段]     

催化模型拟合的探讨

本文用微分拟合法拟合催化模型、通过对5份资料的实例分析,显示有计算简便、数据准确、结果可靠的优点,有一定的推广应用价值。     

催化模型拟合中感染力的选择与计算

针对简单催化模型中感染力的选择与判断,提出了选择的方法,根据该方法可直接判别感染力是常量还是变量,为模型的选取提供了理论基础。     

一起农村小学甲型肝炎爆发流行的调查分析

近几年我市甲型肝炎虽然得到一定控制。但仍有局部、小范围、散在发病，是甲型肝炎发病率的主要原因。现就某农村小学一起甲型肝炎局部爆发流行疫情调查分析如下。     

指数曲线模型在拟合HFRS流行强度中的应用

为农村春秋季大面积灭鼠控制 HFRS效果提供理论依据 ,采用指数曲线方程式模型对溧水县 1990～ 1998年 HFRS发病率进行了拟合。结果显示 ,1990～ 1998年实际发病率与理论发病率基本相符 ,其差别无显著性意义 ,流行强度实际值与理论值均呈不断的下降趋势 ,拟合效果满意     

甲型肝炎传播方式的临床探讨

目的探讨临床中甲型肝炎传播的主要方式。方法结合目前报道的文献,对临床中甲型肝炎的主要传播方式进行总结及相关调查。结果临床中甲型肝炎的传播方式主要有3个方面即经水传播,经食物传播和接触传播。结论现在已知临床中甲型肝炎的主要传播方式有3种,近年来也有报道其可以通过血液和母婴传播。     

应用灰色系统GM(1,1)模型预测甲型病毒性肝炎发病率

目的:探讨预测江苏省甲肝发病率的数学模型,为甲肝防制工作提供科学的参考依据。方法:利用1999～2007年江苏省甲肝的发病率资料建立GM(1,1)预测模型,并进行模型评价。结果:甲肝发病率的GM(1,1)模型为,拟合效果较好,同时利用模型外推预测了2008年的甲肝发病率,预测准确。结论:如无较大规模的甲肝爆发,运用此预测方法较为方便适用。     

患者术前乙肝、丙肝、艾滋及梅毒现患率分析

目的 探讨患者术前感染性指标的现患率.方法 采用酶联免疫试验(ELISA)法检测2893例术前患者的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg),丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、人类免疫缺陷病毒(1/2)型抗体(抗-HIV1/2)及梅毒螺旋体抗体(TPAb).所有检测项目均严格按照试剂盒操作说明书进行,同时进行质量控制.结果 2...     

Nonlinear Calibration Model Choice between the Four and Five-Parameter Logistic Models

Both the four-parameter logistic (4PL) and the five-parameter logistic (5PL) models are widely used in nonlinear calibration. In this paper, we study the choice between 5PL and 4PL both by the accuracy and precision of the estimated concentrations and by the power to detect an association between a binary disease outcome and the estimated concentrations. Our results show that when the true curve is symmetric around its inflection point, the efficiency loss from using 5PL is negligible under the prevalent experimental design. When the true curve is asymmetric, 4PL may sometimes offer better performance due to bias-variance trade-off. We provide a practical guideline for choosing between 5PL and 4PL and illustrate its application with a real dataset from the HIV Vaccine Trials Network laboratory.     

肝癌病人HCV感染及其核心基因序列分析

为探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染在肝癌发生中的作用，分析了肝癌患者HCV第二代抗体阳性率，并将HCV－RNA纯化，经随机引物逆转录合成CDNA后进行基因分型，并对核心基因进行表达和测序分析。肝癌患者中HCV抗体阳性率为10．3％，HBV与HCV重叠感染率为4．8％；基因型表现84．2％为Ⅱ型，5．3％为Ⅲ型及10．5％为Ⅱ／Ⅲ混合型。被克隆及序列分析的HCV－N6株与已报道的该病毒Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的序列比较，其核心基因的核着酸及氨基酸同源性都较低。研究资料提示在南通地区肝癌患者HCV感染率较低，但核心蛋白基因的核着酸置换具有增高趋势。     

Hepatitis A Risk in Travelers

Background.  Traveling to highly endemic areas for hepatitis A is increasing while the immunization level in travelers has been shown to be low in the countries studied.
Methods.  In this population-based study, we have estimated the incidence rate of travel-related hepatitis A during 1997 to 2005 by use of the Swedish notification system of communicable diseases and an ongoing national database on travel patterns. We have also acquired airport-based immunization data from 2007.
Results.  During the study period, 636 cases of travel-related hepatitis A were notified. Traveling to East Africa was associated with the highest incidence rate (14.1 cases/100,000 person months), followed by the Middle East (5.8/100,000 person months), and India with neighboring countries (5.6/100,000 person months). Visiting Friends and Relatives (VFR) travelers represented 83, 91, and 70% of the cases to these three regions. By age-group, the highest incidence was found in children 0 to 14 years (3.1/100,000 travelers) where 88% of the cases were VFR travelers. Incidence rate in unprotected travelers to East Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East was 2, 12, and 18 cases/100,000 person months, respectively. In 2007, 79% of the travelers were immunized against hepatitis A.
Conclusions.  We conclude that travelers, and especially children, who are VFR in endemic areas constitute a high-risk group for acquiring hepatitis A infection, while the risk for unprotected tourists to East Asia is low.     

乙型肝炎病毒前S_1抗原在乙型肝炎诊断中的意义

目的探讨Pre S1-Ag在乙型肝炎诊断中的意义。方法采用酶联免疫法检测464例乙型肝炎患者血清标志物(HBV-M)和乙型肝炎前S1抗原(PreS1-Ag)采用荧光定量PCR法同时检测HBVDNA,分析PreS1-Ag与血清HBV-M和HBVDNA的关系。结果 HbeAg阳性的两组中,PreS1-Ag阳性率分别为88.62%和74.19%,HBVDNA的阳性率分别为94.01%和83.87%与:HbeAg呈明显的正相关,三者间差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.87,P<0.05)。结论 PreS1-Ag能敏感地反映出HBV复制与HBVDNA的一致性较好,在乙型肝炎诊断和治疗中具有重要临床意义。     

某单位职工糖代谢异常患病情况分析

目的了解成都市某单位职工糖代谢异常患病情况,为制定适宜的干预措施提供依据。方法选用2011年4至2011年5月在我院健康体检的成都市某单位职工人群,分别进行身高,体质量,体质量指数,腰围,血压,糖耐量实验及生化指标等并进行一对一问卷调查。糖代谢异常的诊断依据:1999年WHO糖尿病诊段标准。结果①糖代谢异常总检出率为41.7%,其中DM的检出率11.5%,糖调节受损总的检出率为28.2%,各亚组的检出率分别为:I-IFG7.2%,I-IGT13.5%,IFG/IGT7.5%。②糖代谢异常组的体质量指数(BMI),腰围,三酰甘油,胆固醇,空腹血糖,餐后2h血糖,糖化血红蛋白,收缩压,尿微量白蛋白,尿素氮,血肌酐测值均较NGT组高,且有显著性差异。结论成都市某单位职工糖代谢异常率高。     

The Drug of Choice

Abstract

The use of crack cocaine and its associations with high-risk sexual behavior in view of the AIDS epidemic is reported commonly for major East and West Coast urban centers. This article describes and analyzes ethnographic data on crack use in Dayton, Ohio, a small midwestern city of less than 200,000 people. The results of 15 tape-recorded interviews are employed to sketch the basic outlines of crack use among African Americans. A major focus is placed on analyzing the characteristics of the exchange of crack for sexual favors. High-risk behaviors for the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases are explored.