十二指肠球部微小黏膜隆起的临床分析

目的探讨十二指肠球部直径≤0.5cm黏膜隆起性病变的内镜特征、病理及其与临床的关系。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院海南分院消化科2012年8月至2018年3月期间25例十二指肠球部微小黏膜隆起性病变的内镜表现特点及病理。 结果25例患者内镜表现为单个或多个广基息肉状隆起,10例患者于十二指肠球部黏膜隆起行活检病理检查,其中,十二指肠球慢性炎3例,十二指肠球慢性炎伴腺体增生2例,十二指肠球胃黏膜异位5例。 结论十二指肠球部黏膜直径≤0.5 cm的广基息肉状隆起多为慢性炎症所致的良性增生性病变及胃黏膜异位。     

37例直径大于1.0cm十二指肠隆起性病变的临床、内镜、超声及病理分析

目的探讨十二指肠隆起性病变的临床,内镜、超声及病理特点。方法对37例十二指肠隆起性病变患者均采用Fujion EG-450型胃镜,Olympus UM-2R超声微探头检查及治疗,超声频率为7.5MHz～12MHz,高频电发生器为ERBE-200型。结果常规内镜发现隆起性病变位于十二指肠球部23例,降部14例。常规内镜诊断为十二指肠腺瘤性息肉14例,增生性息肉4例,腺癌2例。17例超声内镜诊断间质瘤11例,黏膜下囊肿4例,脂肪瘤2例。其中有24例病变术后病理诊断为腺瘤性息肉14例,增生性息肉4例,脂肪瘤2例,良性间质瘤3例,平滑肌瘤1例。7例疑为恶性间质瘤(术后确诊为恶性间质瘤4例,良性间质瘤2例,1例不明)。治疗有24例病变行高频电凝切除术,术后处理按我科常规进行;7例超声检查疑为恶性间质瘤,其中6例由外科手术治疗,1例保守观察;4例囊肿采用经内镜下囊肿套扎术治疗;2例十二指肠腺癌采取保守支持对症治疗。对上述所有病例仍在动态观察中。结论对于范围大于1.0cm的十二指肠隆起性病变常规内镜及病理检查、内镜超声检查对隆起性病变的诊断均具有重要价值。     

十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤14例误诊分析

[目的]总结十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤的临床特征,分析误诊原因,以降低其误诊率。[方法]回顾性总结本院2007-01-01—2013-12-31期间被误诊的十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤14例的临床资料。[结果]首发症状:腹痛6例,黑便3例,反酸3例,腹胀2例。病理类型:腺癌8例,黏液细胞癌3例,类癌2例,鳞状细胞癌1例。肿瘤部位:十二指肠球部前壁7例,小弯侧3例,后壁2例,弥漫型2例。内镜分型:溃疡型7例,隆起型5例,平坦糜烂型2例。误诊分布:十二指肠球部良性溃疡8例,息肉3例,十二指肠球炎2例,腺癌1例。[结论]十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤易误诊为十二指肠球部良性溃疡及息肉;提高对十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤的全面认识,重视上消化道内镜检查及组织学检查,可降低十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤的误诊率。     

原发性十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤内镜特点分析

小肠恶性肿瘤较少见，仅占胃肠造恶性肿瘤的1%.十二指肠恶性肿瘤则更少见，其发好发部位依次为降部、水平部、球部及升部，球部恶性病变十分罕见，易漏诊、误诊。现报道我院2001-2005年间经胃镜及病理诊断的6例原发性十二指肠球部恶性肿瘤如下。     

十二指肠球部胃黏膜异位临床病理分析

目的探讨十二指肠球部胃黏膜异位的内镜及病理特点。方法对郑州大学第二附属医院2012年1月至2017年12月行胃镜检查并经病理确诊的70例十二指肠球部胃黏膜异位患者,进行内镜、病理及临床资料的回顾性分析。结果胃黏膜异位占同期十二指肠球部病理检查的17.7%,其中85.7%内镜诊断为息肉或小隆起。结论十二指肠球部胃黏膜异位在有症状患者中并不少见,与临床症状可能有一定相关性,应引起临床、内镜及病理医师的重视,做到早诊早治。     

十二指肠球部胃黏膜异位21例临床分析

目的探讨十二指肠球部黏膜异位的临床及内镜特征。方法回顾性分析2013年2月至2014年6月在昌平区中西医结合医院经病理证实的21例十二指肠球部胃黏膜异位的患者临床、内镜资料。结果十二指肠球胃黏膜异位前壁和小弯较多见,内镜下大致可见四种表现,弥漫小结节样增生1例,散在颗粒样增生2例,局部隆起型1例,息肉样增生17例。病理提示固有层可见胃体腺,部分可见胃底腺幽门腺。结论内镜下分型以息肉样增生最多见,单纯内镜诊断符合率低,组织病理学检查是确诊本病的主要手段。     

十二指肠隆起性病变的内镜及组织学观察

目的 探讨十二指肠粘膜直径１ｃｍ以内隆起性病变的性质及其与临床的关系。方法 观察６０例十二指肠隆起性病变的内镜表现特点，对活检标本ＨＥ染色，７例疑有胃上皮化生标本行ＡＢ－ＰＡＳ粘液组织化学染色，光下观察。结果 内镜表现为单个或多个广基息肉状隆起，病理检查显示慢性十二指肠炎４９例，其中粘膜内有继发于炎症的不同程度肠腺上皮增生，胃上皮化生及Ｂｒｕｎｅｒ腺增生等病变。另有胃粘异位５例，血吸虫病２例，良性     

超声内镜对上消化道隆起性病变诊断价值探讨

我院自2006年10月以来对116例胃镜诊断为上消化道隆起性病变的患者进行了超声内镜检查.现将结果汇报于下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料 男性74例,女性42例,平均年龄52.4岁(31～74岁).隆起性病变部位:食管25例,胃81例(胃底38例,胃体8例,胃窦35例),十二指肠球部8例,降部2例,内镜检查均考虑为黏膜下肿瘤.     

超声内镜对十二指肠降部隆起病变的诊断价值

[目的]探讨十二指肠降部隆起病变的超声内镜诊断价值。[方法]对43例患者的51个十二指肠降部隆起病变行超声内镜检查,判断其病变层次、范围、超声特点,确立诊断;根据不同病变选择内镜下结扎治疗或电切除术,部分病例经手术或病理证实。[结果]51个十二指肠降部隆起病变中,间质瘤16个,平滑肌瘤2个,囊肿24个,囊性淋巴管瘤1个,脂肪瘤3个,血管瘤2个,副乳2个,先天性胆总管囊肿1个,超声内镜的诊断符合率为94.1%(48/51)。根据不同的病变选择结扎治疗或内镜下电切除术,2例副乳及1例先天性胆总管囊肿未行处理,3个月至半年后复查见原病变处已形成瘢痕。[结论]十二指肠降部隆起病变以间质瘤和囊肿多见,在超声内镜指导下的结扎或电切除术对十二指肠降部隆起病变有良好的治疗作用。     

内镜在原发性十二指肠占位性病变中的应用价值

目的：评估内镜下治疗原发性十二指肠占位性病变的应用价值。方法 ：以2015年1月至2018年1月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院接受内镜下治疗的十二指肠原发占位性病变患者为研究对象,根据手术结果分为并发症组与无并发症组,并根据病灶位置及内镜类别进一步分组,回顾性研究患者基线信息、内镜诊疗、创面封闭方式、病理分析和并发症的发生与转归等资料。结果：79例患者资料入选并均成功完成内镜下治疗,其中内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）59例,内镜下黏膜剥离术（ESD）5例,OTSC金属夹辅助的全层切除6例,内镜下分片黏膜切除术（EPMR）9例。全组79例操作围手术期发生并发症8例（10.1%）,均发生于降部及乳头部;在全部47例十二指肠乳头及降部的操作中,并发症发生率 为17.0%（8/47）,其中1例患者（2.1%）出现术中穿孔,1例患者（2.1%）术后出现迟发出血,6例患者（12.8%）出现轻度急性胰腺炎,患者经治疗后均好转。79例内镜下治疗中,共有2例（2.5%）出现需要内镜或外科手术进一步干预的并发症。十二指肠降段及乳头部的并发症发生率（17.0%,8/47）显著高于非降段及乳头部（球腔、球降交界、水平段）（0.0%,0/32）,差异具有统计学意义（P=0.012）。在47例十二指肠降段及乳头部操作中,十二指肠镜组并发症发生率（28.0%,7/25）也显著高于胃镜组（4.5%,1/22）并发症的发生率（P=0.037）。 结论：内镜下治疗原发性十二指肠占位性病变是安全有效的,对于十二指肠降段及乳头部的操作和使用十二指肠镜的情况下,要更加警惕并发症的发生。     

十二指肠脂肪瘤的诊治

目的 总结十二指肠脂肪瘤的临床特点,探讨有效的术前诊断方法 与恰当的治疗方案.方法 回顾性分析浙江大学医学院附属第一医院2000年6月至2008年12月间8例十二指肠脂肪瘤患者的临床表现、实验室检查结果 、内镜下表现、影像学特点及病理组织学结果 .结果 8例中反复黑便者4例,上腹不适、反酸或呃逆者3例,无症状者1例.血脂及血清肿瘤标志物测定均未见明显异常.胃镜检查发现病灶6例(球部2例,降部4例,其中2例首次检查时漏诊).CT发现十二指肠肠壁局部增厚6例,局部肠腔变窄4例,肠腔内低密度病灶3例,CT值平均-85 HU,增强后病灶均匀强化.超声内镜下表现为起源于黏膜下层的密集高回声区,圆形或椭圆形,边界清楚,内部回声均匀.内镜活检结果 均为黏膜慢性炎症,外科手术或内镜下切除术后病理结果 均为十二指肠脂肪瘤.行胰十二指肠切除术1例,十二指肠肿瘤切除术3例,内镜下行圈套摘除术4例,无出血、穿孔等相关并发症发生.结论 十二指肠脂肪瘤好发于降部,临床表现无特异性,内镜与影像学检查是发现病灶的主要手段,内镜超声具有重要的诊断与鉴别诊断价值,除肿瘤局部切除术或局部肠段切除术外,对有适应证者可在内镜下行圈套摘除术.     

Adrenocorticosteroid therapy and gastroduodenal lesions

Gastroduodenoscopy was performed in 25 patients with various disorders, such as liver cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, and ulcerative colitis, to assess the effects of corticosteroids on the stomach and duodenum. The main criterion for entry into the trial was the absence of open ulcer, healed ulcer, erosion, or bleeding from the stomach or duodenum on pretreatment endoscopy performed within 48 hours before administration of corticosteroids. Endoscopy repeated at 2 to 4 weeks disclosed gastroduodenal lesions in 11 cases (44%)and no lesion in 14 cases (56%). The gastroduodenal lesions observed in 11 cases are as follows: one gastric ulcer (4.0%), six gastric erosions (24.0%), two gastroduodenal erosions (8.0%), and two duodenal erosions (8.0%). A lack of correlation between the patients' subjective complaints and endoscopic findings indicates the unreliability of patients' complaints and the importance of endoscopy in assessing gastroduodenal lesions. There were no differences in the total and average daily doses of corticosteroid between a group with gastric and/ or duodenal lesions and a group without such lesions. Corticosteroids may produce gastroduodenal lesions, regardless of the dose.     

原发性十二指肠肿瘤37例临床分析

目的探讨原发性十二指肠肿瘤(PDT)的临床表现、病理特征和诊断方法,总结经验,以减少误诊。方法回顾分析我院2005年1月-2010年12月收治的37例PDT的临床资料。结果本组病例常见症状表现为上腹痛、黄疸、发热、呕吐、消化道出血、纳差、消瘦等。肿瘤好发部位以十二指肠降部尤其是乳头周围居多,占62.1%,病理以腺癌为主,占64.9%。各种检查方法确诊率分别是胃镜44.0%、GI 40.0%、CT 56.3%、MRI+MRCP 41.7%、B超16.0%、ERCP 66.7%、超声内镜100%。29例行手术联合化疗,5例化疗加ERCP支架术,2例动脉血管造影下止血、化疗。结论 PDT以恶性肿瘤为主,早期症状隐匿,误诊率高,诊断首选内镜检查,联合GI、CT等检查可提高检出率,超声内镜对黏膜下肿瘤诊断价值高,胰、十二指肠切除是主要治疗手段。     

Adenoma and Carcinoma of the Duodenum and Papilla of Vater: A Clinicopathologic Study

In a retrospective study (1982-1990), 12 adenomas, 35 carcinomas of the papilla of Vater, and 21 duodenal adenomas were examined. All patients had endoscopicbioptic examinations (5-10 forceps biopsies, snare biopsy or forceps-biopsies after endoscopic sphincterotomy). Special attention was paid to malignant transformation of adenomas and of residual adenomatous tissue in surgical resected cancer. Follow-up data were gained by reexamination or questionnaires. In papillary adenomas, an adenocarcinoma was found in 30% at operation or by follow-up. In 41.2% of the operated cases, residual adenomatous tissue was found, more often in well-differentiated adenocarcinomas than in other histological types. A transformation from duodenal adenomas to adenocarcinomas was seen less frequently (9.5%). Therefore, the risk of malignancy in ampullary adenomas is greater than elsewhere in the duodenum. In eight of 11 patients (72.7%) with duodenal adenomas, one or more simultaneously developed colonic adenomas were found (in four cases a Gardner syndrome not known before). We conclude that there is strong evidence that most ampullary and duodenal carcinomas develop in preexisting adenomas, with an adenoma-cancer sequence similar to that accepted for colorectal carcinoma. This has to be kept in mind for diagnostic as well as therapeutic reasons. When either an adenoma of the ampulla or duodenum is diagnosed, colonoscopy is mandatory to find or exclude colonic adenomas. In patients with familiar adenomatosis, the duodenum and the papilla of Vater have to be examined endoscopically.     

USEFULNESS OF ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT FOR DUODENAL ADENOMA

In recent years, due to the increasing prevalence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, there have been an increasing number of reports on duodenal adenoma and early stage cancer. However, endoscopic techniques for the resection of duodenal adenomas are difficult, due to the anatomical features of the duodenum, and the long distance to the lesion. There have only been a few reports on the use of endoscopic techniques for duodenal adenomas compared to those focused on the stomach and large intestine. For duodenal adenomas, we used a conventional endoscope for lesions proximal to the major duodenal papilla, and a short‐type double balloon endoscope for lesions distal to the papilla. The en‐bloc resection rate was 93.8%. There was only one case of microperforation. Endoscopic manipulation is considered difficult in the deep areas of the duodenum, but double balloon endoscopy enabled stable manipulation and successful resection of the tumor in the majority of cases.     

Endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomatous polyps

Although uncommon, sporadic nonampullary duodenal adenomas have a growing detection due to the widespread of endoscopy. Endoscopic therapy is being increasingly used for these lesions, since surgery, considered the standard treatment, carries significant morbidity and mortality. However, the knowledge about its risks and benefits is limited, which contributes to the current absence of standardized recommendations. This review aims to discuss the efficacy and safety of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of these lesions. A literature review was performed, using the Pubmed database with the query: “(duodenum or duodenal) (endoscopy or endoscopic) adenoma resection”, in the human species and in English. Of the 189 retrieved articles, and after reading their abstracts, 19 were selected due to their scientific interest. The analysis of their references, led to the inclusion of 23 more articles for their relevance in this subject. The increased use of EMR in the duodenum has shown good results with complete resection rates exceeding 80% and low complication risk (delayed bleeding in less than 12% of the procedures). Although rarely used in the duodenum, ESD achieves close to 100% complete resection rates, but is associated with perforation and bleeding risk in up to one third of the cases. Even though literature is insufficient to draw definitive conclusions, studies suggest that EMR and ESD are valid options for the treatment of nonampullary adenomas. Thus, strategies to improve these techniques, and consequently increase the effectiveness and safety of the resection of these lesions, should be developed.     

Familial adenomatous polyposis and duodenal lymphoma

The occurrence of duodenal polyposis is well recognized in familial adenomatous polyposis. Lymphoid hyperplasia in association with familial adenomatous polyposis usually occurs in the terminal ileum, but it can occur in the duodenum and may be endoscopically difficult to distinguish from an adenoma. A case report is presented in which a 54-yearold male with familial adenomatous polyposis, who 20 years earlier had a subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, presented with a large rectal villous tumor and was found to have a duodenal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The role of lymphoid hyperplasia in the development of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is discussed, as well as the issue of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in familial adenomatous polyposis. In cases in which biopsies of polypoid lesions in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis show dense lymphoid aggregates, flow cytometry may assist in the diagnosis.     

35例小肠间质瘤诊治分析

背景:小肠间质瘤的发病率低,临床症状不典型且缺乏简便有效的检查方法,术前确诊较为困难。目的:了解小肠间质瘤的临床表现,探讨如何提高小肠间质瘤的术前诊断率和合理的手术方式,以提高其诊治水平。方法:回顾性分析1993年4月～2004年6月仁济医院收治的35例小肠间质瘤的临床表现、诊治经过、病理学特点和预后,所有病例均经手术和病理证实。结果:脐周隐痛、消化道出血、贫血、腹部肿块和小肠梗阻是本组小肠间质瘤最常见的临床表现。小肠间质瘤多好发于十二指肠和空肠;80.0%的良性小肠间质瘤瘤体直径<5cm,93.3%的恶性小肠间质瘤瘤体直径>5cm;小肠间质瘤以肠腔外生长为主,良、恶性间质瘤在生长方式上无显著差异。空肠、回肠间质瘤的术前诊断率显著低于十二指肠间质瘤(P<0.01)。胃镜、增强螺旋CT和数字减影血管造影(DSA)对小肠间质瘤检出率较高。30例恶性间质瘤中20例(66.7%)行小肠肿瘤根治术,8例(26.7%)行小肠肿瘤减瘤荷手术,2例(6.7%)行姑息性手术。30例恶性间质瘤切除标本中9例有局部淋巴结转移,5例出现远处转移。结论:合理应用辅助检查方法可提高小肠间质瘤的术前确诊率,术中对间质瘤的良、恶性判断有困难者应行根治性切除术。     

Duodenal adenomatosis in familial adenomatous polyposis coli

Familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations of the APC gene on the long arm of chromosome 5. While multiple colorectal adenomas usually developing in early adolescence represent the most conspicuous phenotypic feature, the disease represents a generalized hyperproliferative disorder with various extracolonic manifestations. Duodenal cancer and desmoids are the leading causes of death in FAP patients after prophylactic colectomy. The prevalence of duodenal adenomatosis among FAP patients varies from 50% to greater than 90%, while only few patients (3-5%) develop duodenal cancer. Periampullary adenomas seem to carry a high risk of malignant transformation. The sensitivity of endoscopic procedures for early detection of severely dysplastic or malignant duodenal lesions is low, and the prognosis of duodenal cancer is poor. Thus the question arises whether it is possible to define a subgroup of high-risk patients for duodenal malignancy, and whether severe duodenal adenomatosis should lead to an aggressive prophylactic surgical approach. This contribution discusses the current literature and presents the experience of the Heidelberg Polyposis Register based on gastroduodenoscopy findings in 231 FAP patients. In 135 cases (58.4%) macroscopic duodenal adenomas were observed. The majority of patients displayed numerous lesions throughout the duodenum, while adenomas were restricted to the periampullary region in ten. Four patients suffered from duodenal cancer. Twenty-two required an endoscopic or operative intervention. Five were treated by laparotomy and duodenotomy, while ampullary excision was indicated in six cases. Eight patients underwent partial pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe duodenal adenomatosis.     

A case of malignant tumor of the ascending part of duodenum with osteoclast-like giant cells

Extraskeletal neoplasms with osteoclast-like giant cells are very rare. These tumors are most frequently reported in the breast and pancreas, and but rarely in other sites. We report a case of duodenal malignant tumor with osteoclast-like giant cells. The patient was a 76-year-old man who presented with vomiting. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a giant tumor in the ascending part of duodenum. Biopsy specimens showed an undifferentiated malignant tumor with benign multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the tumor cells were reactive with vimentin, but not with epithelial markers or the other mesenchymal markers, and the multinucleated giant cells were reactive with CD68. Thus, we diagnosed a malignant tumor of the ascending part of duodenum with osteoclast-like giant cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of duodenal malignant tumor with osteoclast-like giant cells in Japan.