颅内先天性表皮样囊肿的MRI诊断

为了探讨ＭＲＩ对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值，观察了２０例经手术和病理证实的颅内先天性表皮样囊肿的ＭＲＩ表现，其中１２例有ＣＴ对照。Ｔ１加权像（Ｔ１ＷＩ）１８例呈低信号，其信号强度介于脑脊液和脑皮质之间，另２例呈明显高信号。Ｔ２加权像（Ｔ２ＷＩ）均呈高信号，但普遍有信号不均匀现象。１２例有ＣＴ者均呈低密度。颅内先天性表皮样囊肿好发于桥脑小脑角，有在中线生长的趋势，并常沿脑裂隙及脑池生长。ＭＲＩ显示病变范围优于ＣＴ，但对钙化的显示ＣＴ优于ＭＲＩ。结果提示：ＭＲＩ对颅内表皮样囊肿能作出定性诊断。     

伽玛刀治疗颅内转移瘤的临床应用

伽玛刀治疗颅内转移瘤的临床应用广西柳州市第一人民医院陈艳青（柳州５４５００１）颅内转移瘤是常见的颅脑肿瘤，以往报道仅占颅内肿瘤的２％～１０％［１］。随着ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ的临床应用，使颅内转移瘤的检出率大为提高，另据统计约有１４％～１５％的病例首先发现颅内...     

幕上海绵状血管瘤诊治体会

脑海绵状血管瘤（ＣＣＡ）过去认为较少见,随着影像学的发展特别是ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ的应用,有关报道逐渐增多。本院收治５例结合文献讨论如下。１　临床资料一般资料：本组共５例,男３例,女２例,年龄１８～３８岁。临床首发症状以反复癫痫发作（全身性发作）３例,以急性头痛、呕吐、出血２例。全部行头颅ＣＴ检查,其中３例行ＭＲＩ检查。５例全部位于幕上、皮质下。顶叶３例,颞顶１例,顶枕１例。３例手术治疗,经病理证实,急性出血期均为颅内小量出血１５～２０ｍｌ。保守治愈后再行ＭＲＩ检查。影像学检查：ＣＴ检查均为类圆形等高密…     

8例颅内多发性脑膜瘤的外科治疗

８例颅内多发性脑膜瘤的外科治疗魏建军，周一农颅内多发性脑膜瘤约占脑膜瘤的１％～３％［１］，随着ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ的问世，肿瘤得到及时确诊，其发病率呈上升趋势。Ｓｈｅｅｌｙ［２］报道在ＣＴ脑扫描临床应用前发现率为１．１％，ＣＴ扫描普及后发现率高达８％。１９７...     

占位性脑囊虫病的临床特点及治疗

目的：探讨颅内占位性脑囊虫病的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法：分析１０例由手术及病理证实的占位性脑囊虫的临床资料。结果：１０例均有不同程度的颅压增高症状,囊虫大小２．０ｃｍ × ３．０ｃｍ至８．７ｃｍ × ６．５ｃｍ,５例头颅 ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ检查显示囊虫头节,误诊３例,手术治疗效果满意。结论：此类病例较为少见,主要表现为肿瘤占位样颅内压增高症状,头颅ＭＲＩ检查诊断准确性高,适合手术治疗,效果良好;单发病例术后无须抗囊虫治疗。     

20例垂体微腺瘤MRI和CT的对比分析

对２０例病理证实为垂体微腺瘤患者进行ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ表现的对比观察。ＭＲＩ显示所有２０个病灶，ＣＴ发现１９个。增强前，在Ｔ＿１加权像上，９０％病变为低信号；ＣＴ片上，８５％为低密度。增强后，ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ各有４５％的肿瘤显示更加清晰。ＭＲＩ与ＣＴ相比，在判断垂体微腺瘤的位置、大小（５．１±２．０／５．２±１．９ｍｍ）、鞍隔上抬（１５／１６例）、垂体柄偏位（９／１０例）以及有无垂体增大（１６／１７例）上，两者结果相似。明确有无鞍底骨质侵蚀ＣＴ明显优于ＭＲＩ，二者有明显差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。认为高分辨率ＣＴ是垂体微腺瘤的首选影像检查方法。     

髓外膜外转移癌的临床,CT和MRI

报告１８例经ＭＲＩ证实的髓外膜外转移癌的临床，ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对照研究。本组年龄＞５０岁者占７２．２％；原发灶以肺癌、乳腺癌和肝癌较多见；转移部位以胸椎为最多，其余依次为胸腰椎，腰椎及颈椎。分析转移癌的误诊原因，笔者强调临床正确的定位诊断是ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ正确诊断的前提。另对Ｘ线平片，ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ诊断转移癌的检出率和敏感性及其诊断价值进行了分析评估。     

周围神经源性肿瘤的MRI（核磁）和CT诊断

目的：探讨ＭＲＩ和ＣＴ对周围源性肿瘤的诊断特性及临床价值。方法：分析１０例肿瘤经手术病理证实周围神经源性肿瘤的ＭＲＩ或和ＣＴ征象。其中ＭＲＩ检查８例,ＣＴ检查３例,１例同时行ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查。结果：７例神经鞘瘤均表现为边缘光滑的肿块,Ｔ２加权上呈不同程度的高信号,多数信号不均,但号强度和分布取决于ａｎｔｏｎｉＡ区和ａｎｔｏｎｉＢ区的比例,２例神经纤维瘤表现为弥漫性皮下软组织肿块,ＣＴ密度均匀１全恶     

颅内先天性表皮性囊肿的MRI诊断

为了探讨ＭＲＩ对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值，观察了２０例经手术和病理证实的颅内先天性表皮样囊肿的ＭＲＩ表现、其中１２例有ＣＴ对照。Ｔ１加权像１８例呈低信号，其信号强度介于脑脊液和脑皮质之间，另２例呈明显高信号。Ｔ２加权像均呈高信号，但普遍有信号不均匀现象。     

兔眼球后非磁性异物CT和MRI诊断

将３５枚非磁性异物（金属异物８枚，非金属异物２７枚。异物大小为２ｍｍ×１．５ｍｍ×１．５ｍｍ～９ｍｍ×６ｍｍ×１ｍｍ）置入２２只兔眼球后肌锥内行ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查，探讨ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ对眼球后异物的诊断价值。结果：ＣＴ、ＭＲＩＴ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ和Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列眼球后异物检出阳性率分别为８９％（３１／３５）、９７％（３４／３５）、８６％（３０／３５）和１００％；ＣＴ上３枚干木异物密度低于球后脂肪，２８枚呈高密度而被确定，４枚塑料ＣＴ未显示；ＭＲＩＴ１ＷＩ漏检１枚青枝柳条；ＭＲＩ球后异物多呈低信号。结果提示：ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ均为检出眼球后异物的有效检查，ＳＥ序列Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｆｌａｓｈ２ｄ序列是ＭＲＩ检出眼球后异物的优选序列     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.