Effect of different dietary fatty acids on expression of sterol-regulatory elementary binding protein-1c and lipid metabolism in hepatic cells

目的 探讨不同膳食脂肪酸构成对肝细胞脂代谢及固醇调节元件结合蛋白-lc( sterol-regulatory elementary binding protein-1c,SREBP-1c)表达的影响.方法 以HepG2肝细胞为研究对象,分为空白对照组、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)组、棕榈酸(PA)组、EPA和亚油酸(LA)1:1混合组、PA和油酸(OA) 1:1混合组,EPA、PA单独处理组终浓度为150 μmol/L,混合处理组各组分浓度为75 μmol/L,总浓度为150 μmol/L,处理细胞24 h.采用油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴的变化,测定甘油三酯(TG)含量来评价细胞内脂质含量;采用RT-PCR、Western blot法检测SREBP-1c mRNA及蛋白的表达.结果 PA组、PA和OA 1:1混合组SREBP-1c mRNA及蛋白的表达上调,EPA和LA 1:1混合组、EPA组SREBP-1c mRNA及蛋白的表达下调,与对照组相比差异显著(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,EPA和LA 1:1混合组、EPA组肝细胞内TG含量显著减少(P＜0.05);PA和OA 1:1混合组、PA组肝细胞内TG含量显著增加(P＜0.05).结论 PA、OA上调肝细胞SREBP-1 c的表达并促进细胞内TG的合成,可能促进肝细胞脂肪变性;而EPA、LA下调肝细胞SREBP-1c的表达并显著降低肝细胞内TG含量,减轻肝细胞脂肪变性.     

干扰SREBP-1c对内质网应激状态下L02和HepG2肝细胞脂质沉积的影响

目的 构建SREBP-1c基因的miRNA真核表达载体,观察其对内质网应激状态下L02和HepG2肝细胞脂质沉积的影响.方法 设计并构建SREBP-1c基因的3个miRNA干扰载体,经测序鉴定miRNA载体构建成功后转染肝细胞,荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白表达.Western blot检测转染后SREBP-1c的表达;甘油三酯测定和油红O染色检测细胞内脂质沉积;Western blot检测SREBP-1c下游脂代谢相关基因脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC1)的表达.结果 靶向干扰SREBP-1c的miRNA真核表达载体构建成功.Western blot结果显示,转染SREBP-1c-1miRNA和SREBP-1c-3miRNA载体后,L02和HepG2细胞内SREBP-1c蛋白水平表达均明显减低(P＜0.05),SREBP-1c-1miRNA的干扰效果最好(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,转染SREBP-1c-1miRNA载体后L02和HepG2肝细胞内甘油三酯含量均明显降低(P＜0.05),细胞内脂滴明显减少;FAS和ACC1蛋白的表达明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 SREBP-1c基因沉默通过FAS/ACC1降低了内质网应激状态下肝细胞脂质合成.     

不同膳食脂肪酸对肝细胞SREBP-1c表达及脂代谢的影响

目的探讨不同膳食脂肪酸构成对肝细胞脂代谢及固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c(sterol-regulatory elementarybinding protein-1c,SREBP-1c)表达的影响。方法以HepG2肝细胞为研究对象,分为空白对照组、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)组、棕榈酸(PA)组、EPA和亚油酸(LA)1∶1混合组、PA和油酸(OA)1∶1混合组,EPA、PA单独处理组终浓度为150μmol/L,混合处理组各组分浓度为75μmol/L,总浓度为150μmol/L,处理细胞24 h。采用油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴的变化,测定甘油三酯(TG)含量来评价细胞内脂质含量;采用RT-PCR、Western blot法检测SREBP-1c mRNA及蛋白的表达。结果 PA组、PA和OA 1∶1混合组SREBP-1c mRNA及蛋白的表达上调,EPA和LA 1∶1混合组、EPA组SREBP-1c mRNA及蛋白的表达下调,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,EPA和LA 1∶1混合组、EPA组肝细胞内TG含量显著减少(P<0.05);PA和OA 1∶1混合组、PA组肝细胞内TG含量显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 PA、OA上调肝细胞SREBP-1c的表达并促进细胞内TG的合成,可能促进肝细胞脂肪变性;而EPA、LA下调肝细胞SREBP-1c的表达并显著降低肝细胞内TG含量,减轻肝细胞脂肪变性。     

白藜芦醇通过上调脂肪变性HepG2细胞Sirt3表达改善线粒体功能

目的 探讨白藜芦醇(resveratrol,RSV)对脂肪变性肝细胞线粒体功能的影响,以及沉默信息调节因子3(sirtuin 3,Sirt3)在其中的重要作用.方法 用0.2 mmol/L棕榈酸(palmitic acid,PA)处理HepG2细胞24 h建立肝细胞脂肪变性模型,再用40 μmol/L RSV和/或50 μmol/L Sirt3抑制剂3-TYP处理24 h.实验分为对照组、PA组、PA+ RSV组、PA+ RSV+ 3-TYP组、PA+ 3-TYP组.用相关试剂盒检测甘油三酯(TG)含量、沉默调节蛋白3(sirtuin 3,Sirt3)活性、ATP合酶活性、ATP生成量以及线粒体基础呼吸率,使用DCFH-DA荧光探针检测细胞活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)含量,Westernblot检测Sirt3蛋白表达.Sirt3 siRNA处理HepG2细胞后再用PA和/或RSV处理,分析ROS和甘油三酯含量.结果 相对于PA组,PA+RSV组HepG2细胞的甘油三酯、ROS含量明显降低(P＜0.05),ATP合酶活性、ATP生成量和基础呼吸率明显提高(P＜0.05).而3-TYP或Sirt3 siRNA处理后,RSV的上述作用被削弱(P＜0.05).结论 RSV通过上调脂肪变性肝细胞Sirt3的表达与活性而改善其线粒体功能.     

AMPK参与调节大鼠脂肪肝相关性肝癌前病变的形成

目的 探讨单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,AMPK)在低剂量二乙基亚硝胺(diethylnitrosamine, DEN)合并高脂饮食诱导的大鼠肝癌前病变发生中的作用及其机制。方法 体内实验采用腹腔注射DEN(30 mg/kg)合并高脂饮食饲喂大鼠16周诱导肝癌前病变模型,通过HE染色、Western blotting、Real-time PCR、免疫组织化学等方法观察谷胱甘肽S转移酶(glutathione S-transferase-π,GST-π)、固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, SREBP-1c)、脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACC)、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶1(stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1,SCD1)及AMPK、p-AMPK的表达变化;体外实验观察AMPK对棕榈酸(palmitic acid, PA)诱导的大鼠H4IIE细胞脂质代谢的影响。结果 与单纯DEN处理组比较,DEN+高脂组大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性、气球样变、伴有炎性细胞浸润及小灶性坏死;GST-π表达水平增高;三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)及SREBP-1c、FAS、ACC、SCD1表达水平上升;p-AMPK水平下降。AMPK通过抑制SREBP-1c的表达水平降低棕榈酸诱导的H4IIE细胞内脂质合成。结论 AMPK可能通过抑制SREBP-1c的表达水平参与大鼠肝癌前病变的形成。     

滋阴益气活血解毒中药含药血清对脂肪变性HepG2细胞SREBP-1c和FAS表达的影响

目的 探讨滋阴益气活血解毒中药含药血清对脂肪酸孵育HepG2细胞中固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c(SREBP-1c)和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)表达的影响.方法 HepG2细胞分为对照组、模型组、15％含药血清组;对照组和模型组用正常大鼠血清DMEM培养,15％含药血清组用15％含药血清DMEM培养,模型组、15％含药血清组同时加0.5 mmol/L混合脂肪酸(油酸∶棕榈酸=2∶1);油红O染色法检测细胞内脂质沉积,RT-PCR检测HepG2细胞SREBP-1c和FAS mRNA表达,免疫组化检测HepG2细胞SREBP-1c和FAS蛋白表达.结果 15％含药血清能减少模型细胞脂质沉积,降低模型细胞SREBP-1c和FAS的mRNA及蛋白表达,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 滋阴益气活血解毒中药含药血清能够调节SREBP-1c和FAS表达,改善混合脂肪酸诱导的HepG2细胞脂肪性变.     

肝X受体的激活对小鼠糖尿病肝脏脂肪酸合成酶表达的调节

目的 探讨肝X受体(LXR)对糖尿病肝脏脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)表达的影响及机制.方法 将16周龄、雄性、C57BL/6背景下瘦素受体基因缺陷的db/db小鼠和对照的db/m小鼠,分别予以LXR激动剂TO901317(TO)(3 mg·kg-1·d-1)或DMSO灌胃处理7 d;TO(10 μmol/L)刺激人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞24 h.此外,HepG2细胞转染小鼠FAS启动子报告基因表达质粒,同时转染pcDNA3.1表达载体或LXR或活化型固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP-1c)表达质粒12 h;采用免疫组织化学方法检测FAS蛋白在肝脏上的表达,实时荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹方法分别在mRNA和蛋白水平检测FAS和SREBP-1的表达及TO对其表达的影响,荧光素酶报告基因方法检测LXR激动剂和SREBP-1c对小鼠FAS启动子活性的影响.结果 免疫组化结果显示FAS蛋白在肝脏广泛表达,主要位于肝细胞胞质内.TO可显著降低db/db小鼠空腹血糖水平[由(12.00±1.06)mmol/L下降到(7.73±0.69)mmool/L,P＜0.01]和糖化血红蛋白水平(由5.67%±0.10%下降到4.87%±0.08%,P＜0.01).db/db小鼠肝脏FAS mRNA水平明显高于db/m小鼠,约为5.5倍(P＜0.01);在蛋白水平,db/db小鼠肝脏上的FAS也明显高于db/m小鼠.TO处理可使db/m小鼠肝脏FAS mRNA表达升高约3.5倍(P＜0.05),可使db/db小鼠肝脏FAS mRNA升高约1.7倍(P＜0.05);TO处理可使db/m小鼠肝脏SREBP-1 mRNA升高约2.4倍(P＜0.05),使db/db小鼠肝脏SREBP-1 mRNA升高约2.1倍(P＜0.01).TO能够上调HepG2细胞FAS的mRNA表达水平,升高约1.9倍(P＜0.05);LXR的激活还能显著增加HepG2细胞中FAS基因启动子活性,约为对照组的1.5倍;过表达LXR或SREBP-1c也能增加HepG2细胞FAS基因启动子活性,分别为对照组的1.9倍和1.6倍(均P＜0.01).结论 LXR可能通过其本身的直接作用和SREBP-1C的间接作用上调肝脏FAS的表达,LXR可能介导了糖尿病肝脏的脂质生成过程.     

内质网应激诱导肝细胞脂肪沉积及可能机制

目的 利用毒胡萝卜素诱导肝细胞内质网应激模型,观察在内质网应激状态下肝细胞脂肪沉积情况,并初步探讨其分子机制.方法 以人L02、HepG2肝细胞株为研究靶细胞,将两种细胞均分为正常对照组和实验组(培养液内含毒胡萝卜素1 μmol/L),采用三酰甘油(TG)试剂盒、油红O染色检测肝细胞脂肪沉积情况,实时荧光定量PCR法检测SREBP-1c、LXRs的mRNA表达情况,蛋白质印迹法检测GRP78、SREBP-1c、LXRs的蛋白表达情况.结果 蛋白质印迹结果显示,实验组GRP78的表达较对照组升高(P＜0.05),表明肝细胞内质网应激模型建立成功.在内质网应激状态下,毒胡萝卜素作用48 h后实验组L02与HepG2细胞脂肪沉积均较对照组增加(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,实验组L02和HepG2细胞SREBP-1c在基因水平和蛋白水平表达均升高(P＜0.05),而LXRs在基因水平和蛋白水平的表达均无变化.结论 内质网应激可能通过上调SREBP-1c诱导肝细胞脂肪沉积,而LXRs未参与该过程.     

TNF-α促进HepG2肝细胞脂质积聚及其机制的初步研究

目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)是否能够促进肝细胞脂质积聚,并对其机制进行初步探讨。方法将HepG2肝细胞分为空白对照组、单纯TNF-α组(TNF-α2ng/mL或20ng/mL)、软脂酸组(软脂酸0.08mmol/L或0.2mmol/L)及联合组(TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L、TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L),处理24h,应用化学酶促-比色法定量检测细胞内TG含量。进一步选取TNF-α20ng/mL和软脂酸0.08mmol/L,通过油红O染色观察HepG2细胞内脂质积聚情况;实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测HepG2细胞SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达水平。结果①单纯TNF-α组TG含量[TNF-α2ng/mL组(0.344±0.093)μg/μg、TNF-α20ng/mL组(0.329±0.068)μg/μg]分别较空白对照组[(0.192±0.048)μg/μg]显著升高(P<0.05);联合组[TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L组(0.451±0.096)μg/μg、TNF-α2ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L组(0.821±0.257)μg/μg、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.08mmol/L组(1.032±0.286)μg/μg、TNF-α20ng/mL联合软脂酸0.2mmol/L组(2.134±1.049)μg/μg]分别较软脂酸组[软脂酸0.08mmol/L组(0.247±0.069)μg/μg、软脂酸0.2mmol/L组(0.341±0.031)μg/μg]显著升高(P<0.05);②油红O染色进一步显示,TNF-α促进肝细胞内脂质积聚。③实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测结果显示单纯TNF-α组与空白对照组相比,HepG2细胞SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达均增加(P<0.05);联合组与软脂酸组相比,肝细胞内SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达水平明显上调(P<0.05)。结论TNF-α促进HepG2肝细胞内脂质积聚,增加SREBP-1、FAS、ACCα的表达。     

软脂酸对肝癌HepG2细胞脂质沉积的影响和Srebp1c甲基化调控机制

目的观察饱和游离脂肪酸(软脂酸,PA)对HepG2细胞脂质沉积的影响和固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c(Srebp1c)甲基化调控机制。方法体外培养人肝癌细胞系HepG2细胞,对照组不作处理,软酯酸(PA)组用0.2mmol/L的PA刺激细胞。采用油红O染色检测HepG2细胞内脂质沉积情况;qPCR和Western blot分别测定细胞内基因和蛋白表达;甲基化特异性PCR(MS-PCR)检测HepG2细胞Srebp1c甲基化状态。结果 0.2 mmol/L的PA刺激能使HepG2细胞发生脂质沉积。与对照组比较,PA组HepG2细胞Srebp1c(P=0.004 6)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)(P=0.023 0)和脂肪酸合酶(FAS)(P=0.012 5)的mRNA表达均异常升高,Srebp1c蛋白表达升高(P0.05),Srebp1c启动子甲基化水平降低(P=0.0253)。结论游离脂肪酸可以导致HepG2细胞脂质沉积性损伤,Srebp1c甲基化程度降低可能是重要原因。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.