全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折后创伤性关节炎的疗效观察

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折后髋关节创伤性骨关节炎的疗效。方法本组共随访髋臼骨折后髋关节创伤性骨关节炎患者32例32髋,男20例,女12例,平均年龄45.3岁。本组患者全部行人工全髋关节置换术治疗。所有假体均采用生物型假体。采用Harris、UCLA评分对患者术前术后的髋关节功能进行评分,拍摄标准双髋正位片对假体状态进行影像学评估。结果本组患者平均随访26个月,Harris评分由术前42.5分增加到术后93.6分,UCLA评分由术前3.2分增加到术后8.1分,改变有统计学差异。影像学评估显示假体位置良好,无假体松动、关节脱位、感染及明显假体周围骨溶解等并发症。结论全髋关节置换是治疗髋臼骨折后创伤性关节炎的有效治疗手段,术中尽量采用生物型假体,近期随访结果令人满意。     

The Role of Surgical Hip Dislocation in the Treatment of Acetabular and Femoral Head Fractures

Abstract Background and Purpose: Surgical hip dislocation by trochanteric flip osteotomy facilitates access to acetabular and femoral head fractures. Furthermore, it allows evaluation of cartilage damage and vascularity of the femoral head. In this study the potential benefits of this procedure for improved fracture management and for prognostic assessment were investigated. Patients and Methods: From July 1997 to October 1999, 20 selected patients with displaced acetabular fractures (n = 12), femoral head fractures (n = 7), or combined injuries (n = 1) were included. Inclusion criteria for acetabular fractures were either displaced posterior wall fragments with cranial extension or complex acetabular fractures involving a displaced transverse fracture line. Open reduction and fixation of either complex acetabular fractures or femoral head fractures were carried out through Kocher-Langenbeck approach, trochanteric flip osteotomy, and complete surgical hip dislocation. Additionally, the extent of cartilage destruction and femoral head perfusion were assessed. Results: Anatomic reduction ( 1 mm displacement) of acetabular fractures was achieved in 69% of patients and good reduction ( 3 mm) in 31%. In patients with acetabular fractures, severe cartilage destruction of the acetabulum was found in 38% and of the femoral head in 15%, while patients with isolated femoral head fractures revealed severe cartilage damage of the femoral head in 57%. Arterial bleeding from the femoral head, tested by drilling, was observed in all patients. Secondary dislocation of the trochanteric osteotomy occurred in one patient and made refixation necessary. Patients were reexamined at least 2 years after intervention. 77% of patients with acetabular fractures and all patients with femoral head fractures showed good or excellent results after 32.6 ± 6.1 months according to the functional score of DAubigné & Postel. Conclusion: Surgical hip dislocation allows adequate reconstruction of complex acetabular and femoral head fractures and intraoperative evaluation of local cartilage damage and femoral head perfusion.     

一期人工全髋关节置换治疗中老年Pipkin Ⅳ型股骨头骨折

目的探讨一期人工全髋关节置换治疗中老年Pipkin Ⅳ型股骨头骨折的效果。方法对12例无坐骨神经损伤中老年Pipkin Ⅳ型股骨头骨折患者采用髋臼骨折复位钢板内固定、一期人工全髋关节置换术治疗。结果患者均获随访,时间12~36（22±3.8）个月。无假体松动、关节脱位及深部感染等并发症发生。根据Harris评分标准：优7例（94分±2.8分）,良5例（86分±2.3分）。结论采用髋臼骨折复位钢板内固定、一期人工全髋关节置换术治疗中老年Pipkin Ⅳ型股骨头骨折手术简单,临床效果显著。     

Displaced acetabular fractures in the elderly: Results after open reduction and internal fixation

BackgroundThe optimal management of elderly patients with displaced acetabular fractures remains controversial. This paper aims to summarize the clinical results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and the possible factors influencing them.MethodsRadiographic and clinical data on 52 elderly patients with displaced acetabular fractures that were treated by ORIF between May 2000 and May 2008 were retrospectively analysed. Data, such as fracture type (Letournel's classification system), quality of reduction, clinical outcomes (Harris hip score and modified Merle d’Aubigne-Postel score), and radiological outcomes (Matta score), were evaluated.ResultsGood to excellent clinical and radiological outcomes were recorded in 43 (82.7%) and 37 patients (71.2%), respectively. Acetabular fractures without radiographic features, such as quadrilateral plate fracture, Gull sign, posterior dislocation of hip, posterior wall marginal impaction, comminuted posterior wall fracture, and femoral head injury, can still achieve good to excellent outcomes. However, patients with the abovementioned radiographic features tend to achieve fair or poor outcomes. When an acetabular fracture with the aforementioned features, except for femoral head injury, can achieve and maintain anatomic reduction until complete fracture healing, the difference between fractures with and without the radiographic features is no longer significant. The results indicate that the outcomes are more affected by reduction rather than radiographic features.ConclusionORIF may be suggested for displaced acetabular fractures in the elderly. Good to excellent outcomes and a high degree of patient satisfaction can be achieved in majority of the patients. We recommend ORIF as the preferred treatment for displaced acetabular fractures without the abovementioned radiographic features.Level of evidenceTherapeutic level IV.     

Displaced acetabular fractures managed operatively: indicators of outcome

This study examined retrospectively the clinical and radiographic features of acute displaced acetabular fractures which heavily influence the quality of an open reduction and clinical outcome. Of 424 acute fractures (119 simple and 305 associated injuries) in 411 patients, the mean time from the injury to surgery was 8.2 days (range, 0-21 days). The mean age of the patients was 46.5 years (range, 13-89 years), and followup was an average of 9.3 years (range, 3-21 years). For the 424 hips, the reduction was anatomic in 282 (67%), imperfect in 90 (21%), poor in 39 (9%), and secondarily congruent in 13 both-column fractures (3%). The quality of the reductions markedly deteriorated with advancing age. Clinically, the Harris hip score was excellent in 179 (42%), good in 126 (30%), fair in 54 (13%), and poor in 65 (15%). Excellent or good clinical outcomes were recorded in 249 of 282 patients (89%) with an anatomic reduction. Of the 119 patients with fair and poor results, 92 patients (77%) had complicating factors recognizable at clinical presentation, including extensive impaction, articular abrasion, a femoral head or neck fracture, or endogenous obesity. Although stable anatomic reduction of most displaced acetabular fractures affords the optimal prognosis, especially in younger patients, the initial clinical and radiologic evaluations delineate a sizable minority with poorly prognostic features that favor a poor clinical outcome after internal fixation, by minimizing the likelihood for an anatomic reduction or compromising the outcome despite an anatomic reduction. With the rapidly aging population accentuating this trend, a reappraisal for the role of the current therapeutic alternatives of nonoperative treatment, a limited open reduction, or an acute total hip replacement merits review.     

Outcomes of total hip arthroplasty are similar for patients with displaced femoral neck fractures and osteoarthritis

This study attempted to evaluate whether total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures had significantly different outcomes when compared with total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. This is a retrospective study of 60 patients who had total hip arthroplasties between 1997 and 2001. Thirty patients (mean age, 79.7 years) had total hip arthroplasties for displaced femoral neck fractures; 30 patients (mean age, 76.9 years) were treated with total hip arthroplasties for osteoarthritis. The same surgeon used the modified lateral approach for all surgeries. All patients had radiographic assessment, physical examination, and evaluation with the Harris hip score. The mean followup was 38 months. The mean Harris hip score for the 25 patients treated with a total hip arthroplasty for a femoral neck fracture was 81 points; the mean hip score for the 27 patients treated with a total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis was 87 points. No statistically significant differences between these groups were observed. Patients who were treated with a total hip arthroplasty for a femoral neck fracture did not have increased perioperative morbidity compared with patients who had a total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis. This study suggests that the outcomes for total hip arthroplasties in this consecutive series of patients treated for displaced femoral neck fractures and osteoarthritis are comparable.     

老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的危险因素分析

目的: 探讨老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的发生率及其相关危险因素为预防再次骨折提供依据。方法: 回顾分析2012年6月至2017年6月接受髋关节置换术或股骨近端髓内钉固定术治疗的65岁以上股骨颈骨折或转子间骨折452例患者的临床资料,男168例,女284例;年龄65~97(75.5±7.5)岁;股骨颈骨折191例,股骨转子间骨折261例;按照术后健侧髋部是否存在骨折,分为骨折组和无骨折组,记录两组患者性别、年龄、体质量指数、骨折类型、初次治疗方式、骨密度、医疗依从性、术后是否短期谵妄、伤前是否并存内科疾病及末次随访髋关节Harris评分。应用单因素Logostic回归分析筛选出术后健侧骨折的危险因素,再将有统计学意义的危险因素纳入多因素Logostic回归分析,筛选出老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的独立危险因素。结果: 452例患者中42例发生健侧髋部骨折,发生率为9.3%,两次骨折发生相隔时间平均(2.9±2.1)年。单因素Logistic回归分析结果示年龄、骨密度、医疗依从性、术后短期谵妄、伤前合并内科疾病及末次随访髋关节Harris评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示年龄(OR=4.227)、骨密度(OR=4.313)、合并内科疾病(OR=5.616),以及末次随访髋关节Harris评分分级低(OR=3.891),是老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论: 年龄、骨密度、合并内科疾病以及末次随访髋关节Harris评分分级低是老年髋部骨折术后健侧骨折的主要危险因素,术后3年内要加强内科疾病的治疗,抗骨质疏松,改善髋关节功能,以预防健侧髋部骨折的发生。     

Total hip arthroplasty for failed treatment of acetabular fractures: a 5-year follow-up study

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains an available surgical option for failed treatment of acetabular fractures. We retrospectively analyzed 53 patients who underwent THA because of failed treatment of acetabular fractures. The mean duration of follow-up monitoring was 64 months (range, 32-123 months) in 49 patients. The average Harris hip score increased from 49.5 before surgery to 90.1 at the latest follow-up examination. Postoperative complications included 1 dislocation, 3 sciatic nerve injuries, and 3 class III instances of heterotopic ossification. There was only 1 revision due to aseptic loosening of the acetabular and femoral component. Despite the technically demanding nature of the procedure, the results of acetabular reconstruction are encouraging in these patients; complication rates are low, and patient satisfaction level is high.     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折术后创伤性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2010年6月至2014年6月收治的33例(33髋)髋臼骨折术后创伤性关节炎患者资料,男21例,女12例;年龄22~65岁,平均44.6岁。均采用生物型假体行全髋关节置换术治疗。采用Harris评分对患者术前后的髋关节功能进行评分,拍X线片对假体状态进行影像学评估。结果:所有患者获得随访,随访时间7~38个月,平均21.6个月。末次随访时髋关节Harris评分从术前平均(53.6±2.4)分提高至(94.0±3.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=55.37,P0.05),髋关节功能明显改善。影像学评估显示假体位置良好,无假体松动、关节脱位及明显假体周围骨溶解等并发症。结论:全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼骨折内固定术后继发创伤性髋关节炎的有效治疗手段,髋臼骨折内固定材料显露困难但不影响假体安放,行全髋置换术可不取出。     

Femoral head fracture without hip dislocation

Femoral head fractures without disloca- tion or subluxation are extremely rare injuries. We report a neglected case of isolated comminuted fracture of femoral head without hip dislocation or subluxation of one year duration in a 36-year-old patient who sustained a high en- ergy trauma due to road traffic accident. He presented with painful right hip and inability to bear full weight on right lower limb with Harris hip score of 39. He received cementless total hip replacement. At latest follow-up of 2.3 years, functional outcome was excellent with Harris hip score of 95. Such isolated injuries have been described only once in the literature and have not been classified till now. The purpose of this report is to highlight the extreme rarity, pos- sible mechanism involved and a novel classification system to classify such injuries.     

Surgical treatment for complex acetabular fractures

Objective ： To explore the effect of surgical treatment on complex acetabular fractures. Methods： The data of 46 patients （38 males and 8 females, aged 16-75 years, mean = 38. 5 years ） with complex acetabular fractures, who were admitted to our hospital from January 1998 to December 2005, were analyzed retrospectively in this study. According to Letournel rules, posterior wall and posterior column fractures were found in 11 patients, transverse and posterior wall fractures in 13, T-type fracture in 4, both columns fracture in 10, and anterior column and posterior transverse fracture in 8. The choice of surgical approach was based on the individual fractures, which included flioinguinal approach in 5 patients, Kocher-Langenbech approach in 7, combined approach in 26, and extended iliofemoral approach in 8. Results： All the patients were followed up for 3.5 years averagely. The clinical outcomes were analyzed with Harris hip score and radiography. In 36 patients （78.3%）, the surgical procedure was successful （Harris hip score 〉 80 points）. The rate of excellent and good was about 86 %. Conclusions ： The keys to increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment on acetabular fractures are correct preoperative classification of factures and choices of appropriate surgical approach and time.     

带翼加强杯Ⅰ期治疗髋臼合并同侧股骨颈骨折

目的探讨带翼加强杯在Ⅰ期全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折中的应用。方法对12例合并同侧股骨颈骨折的髋臼骨折行Ⅰ期全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)。伤后5~18 d接受THA,12例均采用带翼加强杯合并自体植骨行髋臼侧固定,股骨侧均采用生物型固定。根据Harris评分和X线片对其临床效果进行评估。结果 12例患者均得到随访,平均随访时间3年9个月(2年1个月~5年7个月)。2例出现异位骨化,无脱位,未见假体移位及透亮带,无再翻修病例。术后Harris评分平均90分,较术前平均改善51分。所有随访患者髋关节功能均有明显改善,随访期内未发现假体松动。结论应用带翼加强杯行Ⅰ期全髋关节置换术是治疗髋臼骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折的有效方法,这种方法强调髋臼重建结构的稳定性,避免了切开复位内固定引起的股骨头坏死等严重髋关节并发症,能显著改善关节功能,避免多次手术,减少患者的精神和经济负担。     

Outcomes of acetabular fracture fixation with ten years' follow-up

We report the outcome of 161 of 257 surgically fixed acetabular fractures. The operations were undertaken between 1989 and 1998 and the patients were followed for a minimum of ten years. Anthropometric data, fracture pattern, time to surgery, associated injuries, surgical approach, complications and outcome were recorded. Modified Merle D'Aubigné score and Matta radiological scoring systems were used as outcome measures. We observed simple fractures in 108 patients (42%) and associated fractures in 149 (58%). The result was excellent in 75 patients (47%), good in 41 (25%), fair in 12 (7%) and poor in 33 (20%). Poor prognostic factors included increasing age, delay to surgery, quality of reduction and some fracture patterns. Complications were common in the medium- to long-term and functional outcome was variable. The gold-standard treatment for displaced acetabular fractures remains open reduction and internal fixation performed in dedicated units by specialist surgeons as soon as possible.     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼骨折内固定术后创伤性关节炎

目的 探讨髋臼骨折内固定术后继发创伤性关节炎的手术策略,报告早期随访结果.方法 2002年5月至2009年12月对18例髋臼骨折内固定手术后继发创伤性关节炎患者施行全髋关节置换术,其中男性12例,女性6例;年龄为45～66岁,平均53岁.手术前出现疼痛、跛行的时间为6.0～24.0个月,平均11.2个月.髋臼骨折内固定手术至全髋关节置换术的时间为8～72个月,平均35个月.术前Harris评分为26～70分,平均50分.结果 本组18例手术全部成功.手术1周后扶拐下地,一般完全负莺时间延至术后2～3个月.无人工关节脱位,无坐骨神经损伤和严重的血栓栓塞并发症发生.18例患者随访时间12～86个月,平均40个月,所有患者髋关节功能均获得明显改善.术后Harris评分为80～92分,平均86分.结论 髋臼骨折内固定手术后遗问题给全髋关节置换术造成诸多困难,术中需注重恢复髋臼的正常生物力学,尽可能采用生物固定型假体.     

Primary total hip arthroplasty versus internal fixation in displaced fracture of femoral neck in sexa- and septuagenarians

Background

The optimal treatment of femoral neck fracture in the elderly patient is still under debate. In patients aged 60–80 years, the decision between internal fixation and arthroplasty remains controversial. The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the functional outcome of patients aged 60–80 years with femoral neck fracture treated with total hip arthroplasty or closed reduction and internal fixation. The secondary aim is to evaluate the incidence of nonunion and avascular necrosis in femoral neck fracture in different age groups.

Materials and Methods

We studied 100 patients affected by displaced fracture of the femoral neck from May 2007 through June 2010. There were 60 men and 40 women with mean age of 66 years. Fifty patients were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws (group A), and the other 50 patients with total hip arthroplasty (group B). Mean surgical time, blood loss, duration of hospital stay, Harris hip score, complications, and need for reoperation were recorded.

Results

Harris hip score was significantly higher in group B at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up evaluation. The overall complication rate was 28 % in group A and 32 % in group B, which was not statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was found regarding patients who required reoperation in group A (20 %) compared with group B (no one). The average Harris hip score in the internal fixation group was 90.6 and in the total hip arthroplasty group was 93.7, which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Our study showed an increased risk for intracapsular hip fracture developing nonunion with older age.

Conclusions

Primary total hip arthroplasty compared with internal fixation appears to be a reasonably safe method of treating displaced fracture of femoral neck in elderly patients. We also concluded that outcome regarding hip function is generally better after total hip arthroplasty compared with internal fixation.

Level of evidence

Level II-Prospective cohort study.     

Pediatric traumatic hip joint dislocation--overview of the topic based on 9 personal, previously unpublished cases

We report on 8 patients with 9 traumatic hip dislocations in childhood. The follow-up period was between 1 and 21 years. The majority of these rare injuries were caused by major, sometimes, however, by minor trauma. The best prognosis is given by an immediately performed closed reduction in the absence of bony injuries. Five of our patients had associated bony injuries (fractures of the femoral shaft, acetabular fractures). Two of our patients developed an avascular necrosis of the femoral head which needed further surgery; in one case we found a premature closure of the proximal femoral epiphyseal plate, a fourth patient developed premature osteoarthritis due to a concomitant acetabular fracture. Clinical and radiological examination of all other patients showed no residues of the former injury.     

Early total hip arthroplasty for severe displaced acetabular fractures

Objective ： To investigate the effect of early total hip arthroplasty for severe displaced acetabular fractures. Methods： Total hip arthroplasty was performed on 17 cases of severe fracture of the acetabulum from 1997 to 2003. The mean follow-up was 2.1 years（ 1-6 years） and the average period from fracture to operation was 8 days （5-21 day）. The average age of the patients was 53 years （ 26-69 years）. Restdts： At the final follow-up the Harris hip score averaged 82（69-100） points and 15 cases have got a good outcome. There was one case of heterotopic bone formation. There were no radiographic evidences of lateloosening of the prosthesis. One patient had severe central displacement of the cup. Conclusions： In patients with severe displaced acetabular fractures, particularly in elderly patients, early total hip arthroplasty is probably an alternative efficient way to achieve a painless and stable hip.     

全髋置换术治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折

目的：探讨陈旧股骨颈骨折有效治疗方法及临床疗效。方法：自2002年1月～2008年10月,采用全髋置换术治疗60例陈旧股骨颈骨折患者。结果：60例患者平均年龄为65岁,术后平均随访30个月,平均Harris评分由术前的37．70分增加到术后90．6分,1例患者在术后1周内功能锻炼时出现1次假体脱位,手法复位后未再发生脱位。6例患者术后6月行走时有轻微疼痛,对症处理后缓解。日常生活自理,余患者无严重疼痛、功能障碍及术后早期脱位、人工假体下沉、断裂、松动等并发症发生,疗效满意。对术前、术后Harris评分及术后1年评分结果加以统计分析,发现术后评分明显高于术前（P〈0．05）,与术后1年随访结果比较,差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。根据Harris评分,手术治疗优良率为90％。结论：全髋置换术是治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折比较有效的方法。     

髋臼骨折的全髋关节置换术治疗

目的探讨全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗髋臼骨折的手术技术及近期疗效。方法1998年10月至2005年6月,本组采用THA治疗髋臼骨折合并创伤性髋关节骨关节炎患者27例28髋,其中13例初期采用切开复位内固定治疗,14例初期采用保守治疗。术前骨折分型（根据Letoumel—Judet分型系统）：后壁骨折（16例）,横行骨折（1例）,后柱＋后壁骨折（3例）,横行＋后壁骨折（4例）,T形骨折（1例）,双柱骨折（3例）。根据Harris髋关节评分系统分别对术前和术后疼痛程度、髋关节功能及活动度进行综合评分。结果随访资料完备者23例患者（24髋）,随访时间5—78个月,平均24．7个月。术前Harris髋关节评分21-76分,平均50．1分;术后评分56～100分,平均90．2分．较术前有显著性提高（P〈0．001）。其中18例优秀,4例良好,1例一般,1例较差。术前髋关节疼痛评分10—40分,平均24．6分;术后评分30—44分,平均41．1分。各有1例骨水泥型和非骨水泥型臼杯周围出现非连续性透亮带但未伴假体下沉或移位表现。术后未出现关节脱位、深部感染、严重异位骨化、医源性坐骨神经损伤或原有神经症状加重、下肢深静脉栓塞或肺栓塞等并发症。至最后一次随访尚无翻修患者。结论针对髋臼骨折合并创伤性髋关节骨关节炎患者施行THA,可有效缓解疼痛,改善髋关节功能及活动度且并发症少见。     

经顶型移位髋臼横形骨折手术疗效分析

目的 探讨手术治疗经顶型移位髋臼横形骨折的疗效及其影响因素.方法 1990年5月至2006年7月,手术治疗经顶型移位髋臼横形骨折37例,男26例,女11例;年龄22～64岁,平均34岁.根据复位质量、臼顶骨折粉碎程度、髋关节稳定性、股骨头软骨损伤等因素进行分组,按Matta术后X线复位标准和放射学评估标准及改良的Merle d'Aubigne和Postel功能评分标准进行评估.结果 所有患者均获随访,随访时间16～121个月,平均88.6个月.术后解剖复位31例,复位欠佳4例,复位差2例.2例患者术后X线片示髋关节不稳.根据改良的Merle d'Aubigne和Postel功能评分,临床疗效:优16例(43.24%),良14例(37.84%),可4例(10.81%),差3例(8.11%),优良率为81.08%;远期随访MattaX线疗效:优14例(37.84%),良15例(40.54%),可4例(10.81%),差4(10.81%),优良率为78.38%.临床疗效与X线疗效存在相关性.临床优良率在解剖复位和非解剖复位组分别为90.32%和33.33%,在臼顶粉碎性骨折和非粉碎性骨折组分别为58.33%和92.00%,在髋关节不稳组和稳定组分别为0和85.71%,在股骨头软骨损伤和无软骨损伤组分别为42.86%和90.00%.结论 骨折复位不佳、臼顶粉碎性旨折、髋关节不稳及股骨头软骨损伤等因素可直接影响经顶型移位髋臼横形骨折的手术疗效.