亚甲蓝兔膝关节腔内注射的安全性研究

目的观察不同剂量亚甲蓝兔膝关节腔内注射后对兔全身及局部的影响。方法将48只兔随机分成0.5 mg/kg组、1 mg/kg组、2 mg/kg组和对照组,每组12只,分别按0.5、1、2 mg/kg的剂量向膝关节腔内注射亚甲蓝溶液和等量0.9%氯化钠,观察各组兔注射前及注射后不同时期血液学参数、血液生化指标及注射后12周膝关节内组织病理学变化。结果与对照组相比,不同剂量亚甲蓝组兔全身情况、血液学参数、血液生化指标无明显改变,≤1 mg/kg剂量亚甲蓝兔膝关节腔内注射对兔关节软骨、滑膜、交叉韧带、半月板无明显病理性改变。结论亚甲蓝≤1 mg/kg剂量兔膝关节腔内注射对兔的全身及局部无明显毒性作用。     

三联疗法治疗老年膝骨关节炎的近期疗效观察

目的探讨三联疗法(透明质酸钠 得宝松 超短波)对于缓解老年膝骨关节炎的疼痛症状及改善其活动功能的效果。方法选择60例老年膝骨关节炎患者,进行关节腔内注射透明质酸钠2ml/次,每周1次;关节周围采用得宝松7mg VitB120.5mg 2%利多卡因5ml进行痛点阻滞,每2周1次;超短波疗法采用每日1次,每次10min。所有治疗方案均持续1个月。分别观察治疗前后疼痛评分及关节活动能力评分。结果治疗膝关节疼痛症状明显缓解,疼痛评分明显降低;关节活动能力评分关节明显降低,活动功能得到显著改善,治疗有效率达96.7%。无任何不良反应的发生。结论应用三联疗法治疗老年膝骨关节炎疗效显著,无严重的不良反应,是一种有效安全的方法。     

绝经后妇女骨关节炎合并骨质疏松症的临床治疗研究

目的观察玻璃酸钠联合唑来膦酸治疗绝经后妇女骨关节炎伴骨质疏松症的疗效。方法将98例确诊为骨关节炎伴骨质疏松症的患者随机平均分为2组,A组为对照组,关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠2.5 mL,每周1次,5周1个疗程;B组为试验组,除了使用玻璃酸钠外,加用唑来膦酸（密固达）治疗,对患者进行膝关节功能评分、VAS、BMD,结果进行统计分析。结果膝关节功能评分2组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,膝关节疼痛缓解B组优于A组（P〈0.05）,骨密度检测A组治疗前后无明显变化,B组较治疗前明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论采用膝关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠加唑来膦酸治疗绝经后妇女骨关节炎伴骨质疏松症患者,效果良好。     

Nicotine polacrilex dose effects: serum nicotine levels and sensory characteristics

This study evaluated serum nicotine and sensory differences of five different doses of nicotine polacrilex (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg nicotine), three of which have been used as placebo doses in clinical trials (0.0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg) and two of which are currently available as pharmacologic treatments for smoking cessation (2.0 or 4.0 mg nicotine). Twenty-one smokers received, on different days and in random order, five pieces of each of the five doses of polacrilex. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether consistent serum nicotine and sensory differences would be observed between the doses. After 5 h use, the 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg doses produced the following results: (1) there was a linear trend across the placebo doses of nicotine polacrilex in serum nicotine and nicotine flavor, although pairwise dose comparisons were not significant, (2) the 0.0 and 0.5 mg placebo doses resulted in serum nicotine and sensory ratings that were significantly different from the 2.0 mg dose, and even more so from the 4.0 mg dose, (3) the 1.0 mg dose was not different from the 2.0 mg dose on serum nicotine level and several sensory characteristics, though it was different from the 4.0 mg dose on both, and (4) the 4.0 mg dose resulted in significantly higher serum nicotine and usually higher sensory ratings than the 2.0 mg dose. Since the 0.0 mg placebo achieves sensory effects that are comparable to the nicotine-containing placebo doses, it is recommended over the 0.5 and 1.0 mg doses as the nicotine polacrilex placebo of choice in most clinical trials.     

关节腔注射玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎362例分析

目的：总结关节腔注射玻璃酸钠治疗膝关节骨关节炎的经验。方法：本组362例,均采用膝关节腔内玻璃酸钠注射,每次2ml,每周1次,共5次。结果：优良率为87.3%,取得了良好疗效。结论：关节腔注射玻璃酸钠治疗膝关节1～2级骨关节炎有确切疗效,能有效缓解疼痛及延缓病程发展。     

藤黄健骨胶囊联合玻璃酸钠治疗膝骨关节炎的临床研究

目的探讨藤黄健骨胶囊联合玻璃酸钠注射液治疗膝骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2018年7月-2019年6月在郑州市骨科医院就诊的94例膝骨关节炎患者作为研究对象,将所有患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各47例。对照组腔内注射玻璃酸钠注射液,2.0 mL/次,1次/周。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上口服藤黄健骨胶囊,1.0 g/次,2次/d。两组患者连续治疗5周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者膝关节功能、疼痛程度和血清炎性因子水平。结果治疗组的总有效率为91.49%,对照组的总有效率为76.60%;两组的总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的Lysholm评分高于治疗前,VAS评分明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);在治疗后治疗组的Lysholm评分比对照组高,VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素17(IL-17)、白介素23(IL-23)、胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)水平均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05);在治疗后治疗组的IL-1β、IL-17、IL-23、IGF-1水平均比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论藤黄健骨胶囊联合玻璃酸钠注射液能提高膝骨关节炎的临床疗效,改善关节功能,减轻疼痛,降低血清炎性因子水平,具有一定临床研究价值。     

Effect of SL-1010 (sodium hyaluronate with high molecular weight) on experimental osteoarthritis induced by intra-articularly applied papain in rabbits]

Sodium hyaluronate (HA) with a molecular weight of approximately 600,000-1,200,000 is reportedly effective against osteoarthritis (OA). However, since HA with higher molecular weight is expected to be more effective against OA, we investigated the effects of HA (SL-1010) newly produced by fermentation with a molecular weight of 1,800,000-2,100,000 on the experimental OA induced by intraarticular injection of papain, into the knee joint of the rabbit, in comparison with those of HA with a molecular weight of about 950,000 (HA-95). When 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6% papain (0.5ml) was injected into the knee joint of the animal twice with a 3-day interval, there were dose-dependent degenerative changes and a decrease in sulfated glycosaminoglycan (S-GAG) in the articular cartilage with slight synovial inflammatory changes 6 weeks after the final injection of papain. In this OA model, intraarticular application of SL-1010 slightly reduced the degeneration of articular cartilage, compared with the injections of HA-95 or saline (control). SL-1010 also caused a significant recovery in the S-GAG level which was decreased in the cartilage of the OA model, compared with the control. In addition, SL-1010 inhibited the release of 35S-GAG from the cartilage obtained from normal and OA model joints. These results suggest that SL-1010 is effective in inhibiting the degeneration of cartilage in the OA model, probably due to the recovery of the S-GAG level by reducing the release of S-GAG from the cartilage.     

Biphasic effects of MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 on apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats

The effects of several doses of MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, SC) on the stereotypic behavior induced by various doses (0.08, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, SC) of apomorphine (APO) were tested in rats. MIF-1 increased the stereotypic behavior induced by 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of APO, but decreased the stereotypic behavior induced by 2.0 mg/kg of APO. Tyr-MIF-1 showed a biphasic effect similar to that exerted by MIF-1. The results suggest that the type of response to MIF-1 and Tyr-MIF-1 after APO is influenced by the activity of central dopaminergic neurons.     

玻璃酸钠联合复方倍他米松应用治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效观察

目的:为寻找更有效使用玻璃酸钠(SH)与复方倍他米松关节腔内注射补充治疗膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)的方法。方法:2009年3月-2010年3月治疗160例膝骨性关节炎引起的轻度到重度疼痛的患者,随机分成2组。治疗组每周进行膝关节内注射玻璃酸钠1次,共5周,并在前3周同时注射复方倍他米松。对照组每周进行膝关节内注射玻璃酸钠1次,共5周。治疗结束后随访半年。结果:治疗组的显效率46.3%,有效率为30.0%,对照组显效率31.3%,有效率为15.0%,2组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠和复方倍他米松治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疼痛能快速、持久缓解疼痛,改善膝关节功能,同时没有额外的并发症。     

医用臭氧、玻璃酸钠局部注射治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效

目的：探讨医用臭氧（O3）、玻璃酸钠（SH）联合注射对膝骨性关节炎（OA）的临床疗效。方法：以30例膝骨性关节炎患者为治疗组,采用关节腔内注射40ml（40μg/ml）的医用臭氧及2ml（20mg）玻璃酸钠,有明显压痛点者局部注射3~5ml医用臭氧。选择本院同期应用物理远红外线配合按摩治疗膝骨性关节炎患者30例作为对照组,比较治疗后两组患者膝关节功能。结果：两组疗效比较,治疗手术组Lysholm临床疗效评分,治疗组优良率为93.4%,对照组优良率为73.4%,治疗组明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;疼痛、关节屈伸度、关节稳定度与上下楼梯分值进行比较,疼痛与关节稳定度两组有明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论：玻璃酸钠、臭氧联合注射治疗膝骨关节炎能有效解除关节疼痛,改善关节活动度,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

玻璃酸钠治疗膝关节骨关节炎临床分析

目的:探讨玻璃酸钠治疗膝关节骨关节炎的疗效。方法:回顾性分析膝关节内注射透明质酸钠治疗膝关节骨性关节39例的资料,观察治疗前后患者疼痛、关节活动等的变化。结果:本组39例共43个膝关节,经治疗优15例,占38.5%,良21例,占53.8%,差3例,占7.7%,总有效率92.3%。治疗过程中未出现玻璃酸钠的不良反应。结论:玻璃酸钠治疗膝关节骨性关节炎临床效果好。     

玻璃酸钠和二丙酸倍他米松/倍他米松磷酸二钠关节腔内注射治疗骨性关节炎的疗效分析

目的 探讨并比较关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠与二丙酸倍他米松/倍他米松磷酸二钠(得宝松)治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效.方法 选择诊断明确的膝骨性关节炎患者94例,随机分为HA组和Corticosteroid组,HA组患膝关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠2.5 ml,每周1次,5次为1疗程;Corticosteroid组于1、4周关节腔内注入得宝松1 ml.在治疗前、治疗4周和12周记录疼痛、肿胀改善程度及Lequesne膝关节功能评分.结果 88例患者获得3个月随访.在治疗4周时两组均能明显缓解疼痛及改善膝关节功能,两组间相比差别无统计学意义;在治疗12周时疼痛及膝关节功能评分均显示HA组优于Corticosteroid组.结论 关节腔内注射玻璃酸钠与得宝松治疗膝骨性关节炎均能获得良好的近期临床疗效,相比之下,玻璃酸钠注射具有更持久的长期效果.     

兔膝关节腔内注射黄原胶的安全性评价

目的评价兔膝关节腔注射黄原胶的安全性。方法在兔膝关节腔分别注射2%,1%和0.5%的黄原胶注射液和生理盐水0.1 mL/kg,每周1次,连续5周。检测兔膝关节宽度、血液学和血液生化参数并观察肝、肾、膝关节组织病理学变化。结果与生理盐水组比,不同剂量黄原胶组膝关节宽度、血液学及血液生化参数等均无明显改变;肝、肾及关节组织未见明显病理改变。结论在兔膝关节腔注射黄原胶(0.5%～2%)0.1 mL/kg,每周1次,连续5周,全身及局部未见明显毒性作用。     

帕歌斯治疗30例疼痛性膝骨关节炎疗效和安全性研究

目的 :评价帕歌斯治疗疼痛性膝骨关节炎 (OA)患者的疗效和安全性。方法 :30例符合ACR膝骨关节炎标准的患者被纳入研究 ,进行为期 4wk的开放研究 ,通过比较试验前、后患者的休息疼痛积分、活动疼痛积分、关节压痛积分、关节肿胀积分、WOM AC指数积分、患者总体评价和医师总体评价 7项指标来评价疗效。同时记录试验期间发生的不良反应。结果 :试验前、后患者的休息疼痛积分、活动疼痛积分、关节压痛积分、关节肿胀积分、WOMAC指数积分、患者总体评价和医师总体评价均有明显改善(P <0 0 0 3)。 9例 ( 30 % )发生与药物可能 ( 5例 )或肯定有关 ( 4例 )的不良反应 ,均为消化道一过性表现的症状。结论 :帕歌斯可以有效缓解疼痛性骨关节炎的疼痛、肿胀症状 ,改善患者的生活质量 ,并具有良好的安全性 ,为临床骨关节炎的治疗又提供了一条有效而又安全的植物药治疗途径     

The effects of dose and repeated administration on the longer-term hypophagia produced by amphetamine in rats

Rats are hypophagic approximately 1-3 and 13-27 h after receiving amphetamine (2.0 mg/kg). This study examined how these short- and longer-term phases of hypophagia were affected by repeated administration of different amphetamine doses. Throughout eight five-day tests, the rats could lever press for food pellets for 1-hour periods beginning every three hours. On test day 1, the rats were treated with saline, and on test day 3, they were treated with a dose of amphetamine. Across tests, for one group, treatment on day 3 alternated between 0.0 (saline) and 0.5 mg/kg amphetamine; for a second, group treatment on day 3 alternated between 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg amphetamine; and for a third group, treatment on day 3 was always 1.0 mg/kg amphetamine. The patterns of food intake following day 1 saline and day 3 treatment were compared. Short-term food intake was abolished by 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg amphetamine, and no tolerance was observed to this effect. Longer-term hypophagia was produced by 1.0 and 2.0 but not by 0.5 mg/kg. Tolerance to longer-term hypophagia was seen when 1.0 mg/kg alone was used as the day 3 treatment, but not when 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg were alternated across tests as the day 3 treatment. Short- and longer-term hypophagia were dissociated by threshold doses for elicitation and by differential tolerance. Occasional receipt of a higher amphetamine dose may sometimes increase the longer-term hypophagia produced by a lower dose.     

单纯透明玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射结合中药熏洗治疗膝关节骨性关节炎166例临床观察

目的分组对比观察单纯透明质酸钠关节腔内注射与结合中药熏洗治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法选择符合膝关节骨性关节炎中西医诊断标准的患者166例206膝,随机分为2组,分别为单纯透明质酸钠组,单纯透明质酸钠＋中药熏洗组,分别给予相应治疗,对治疗前后患者病情评分进行分析评价,观察临床疗效。结果单纯透明质酸钠＋中药熏洗组总有效率与单纯透明质酸钠组比较差异有显著（P〈0．05）,在改善疼痛、压痛、畏寒肢冷等方面,两组比较P〈0．01;在改善肿胀、功能活动等表现方面两组比较（P〉0．05,疗效相当。结论单纯透明玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射结合中药熏洗治疗膝关节骨性关节炎能有效缓解疼痛等症状,改善关节功能,提高患者的生活质量,在防止病情复发上有明显优势,是非手术中西医联合治疗膝关节骨眭关节炎一种安全有效、毒副作用小且复发率低的方法。     

温针灸联合关节腔内注射臭氧水治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的效果

目的 探讨温针灸联合关节腔内注射臭氧水治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床效果.方法 选取本院收治的76例膝关节骨性关节炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组38例.对照组采用关节腔内注射曲安奈德注射液治疗,观察组采用温针灸联合关节腔内注射臭氧水治疗.比较其治疗总有效率、膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）和Lysholm膝关节康复量表评分（LKSS）.结果 观察组治疗总有效率为94.7％,显著高于对照组的52.6％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.观察组治疗后的VAS评分和LKSS评分与对照组治疗后比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 温针灸联合关节腔内注射臭氧水治疗膝关节骨性关节炎效果显著,能有效改善患者的疼痛症状,减少VAS评分,提高LKSS评分,值得临床推广使用.     

A double-blind comparison of etodolac and piroxicam in the treatment of osteoarthritis

A double-blind study was carried out to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etodolac and piroxicam, in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Sixty-five patients with active, radiologically verified osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg etodolac twice a day (33 patients) or 20 mg piroxicam once a day (32 patients) for 8 weeks. Effectiveness was measured by changes in the patients' and physician's overall evaluations, pain intensity, and night pain, recorded on 5-point scales. Other efficacy assessments included tenderness on pressure, the degree of swelling, knee flexion, the time needed to walk 50 feet, and duration of morning stiffness. After 4 weeks of therapy, mean values for patients' and physician's global evaluations, pain intensity, and night pain were significantly improved from baseline values in both treatment groups. Improvement continued throughout the study. Significant improvement in the other efficacy assessments was seen in both treatment groups after 4 weeks of therapy. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups in any efficacy assessment at any observation. Three etodolac-treated patients and 2 piroxicam-treated patients withdrew from the study because of adverse events. The results of this study indicate that 600 mg etodolac per day is as effective as 20 mg piroxicam per day in the treatment of osteoarthritis.     

不同剂量丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗慢性肝内胆汁淤积的疗效观察

目的 观察不同剂量丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗慢性肝内胆汁淤积的临床效果.方法 将80例肝内胆汁淤积患者按住院号随机分成3个观察亚组及1个对照组,每组20例.在基础治疗相同情况下,500 mg/d亚组予丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸500 mg/d,1000 mg/d亚组予丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸1000 mg/d,2000 mg/d亚组予丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸2000 mg/d,对照组则给予门冬氨酸钾镁,4周为1个疗程.4组均分别检测治疗前、治疗1周、治疗2周和治疗4周后血清总胆红素(TBIL)并进行对比.结果 500 mg/d、1000 mg/d、2000 mg/d亚组治疗1、2、4周后TBIL水平[(198±47)、(132±33)、(81±22)μmol/L,(135±38)、(100±20)、(70±35)μmol/L,(100±51)、(67±23)、(30±12)μmol/L]及对照组治疗2、4周后TBIL水平[(180±33)、(153±33)μmol/L]与治疗前[(268±101)、(272±82)、(262±90)、(256±88)μmol/L]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).各观察亚组治疗1、2、4周后TBIL水平和对照组相应治疗时间比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).各观察亚组之间,治疗1、2、4周后TBIL水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).500、1000、2000 mg/d观察亚组的总有效率分别为85.5%、95.5%、100.0%,对照组为45.0%,各观察亚组与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).治疗过程无明显不良反应.结论 丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸治疗慢性肝内胆汁淤积疗效较理想,没有明显不良反应,在试验剂量范围内,随着剂量的增加,疗效也增加.

Abstract：

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect and side effects of varied dosage of ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate for chronic intra-hepatic cholestasis. Methods Eighty intra-hepatic cholestasis patients were divided into four groups. Under the same basic treatment, patients in the treatment group were treated with ademetionine 1, 4-butanedisulfonate 500 mg/d, 1000 mg/d and 2000 mg/d. Patients in the control group were treated with potassium-magneium aspartate injection with a course for 4 weeks. The changes of litude of serum total bilirubin (TBIL) , serum conjugated bilirubin (SCB) were observed before therapy and 1,2, 4 weeks after therapy. Results After 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks treatment with ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate of different dosage, the degression altitude of TBIL, SCB showed significant differences (P ＜0.01, P ＜0.05). The therapy effective rates of ademetionine 1, 4-butanedisulfonate of different dosage were all higher that those in the control group. There were not significant differences of side effects. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate in the chronic intra-hepatic cholestasis is superior to magneium aspartate.     

Place conditioning with dopamine D1 and D2 agonists injected peripherally or into nucleus accumbens

The conditioned place preference technique was used to assess the affective properties of the direct dopamine D1 agonist, SKF38393, and the direct D2 agonist, LY171555 (quinpirole). A three compartment apparatus was used: the animals' pre-experimental preference for the two choice compartments was equal and, within each experimental group, half the rats received drug pairings in each choice compartment. Intraperitoneal injections of SKF38393 produced conditioned place aversions at all doses tested (1.0–4.0 mg/kg); LY171555 produced weak conditioned place preferences at 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, but no reliable effect at 4.0 mg/kg. Bilateral intra-accumbens microinjections of SKF38393 produced strong preferences at all doses tested (0.5–2.0 µg/side); LY171555 produced strong preferences at two doses (0.5 and 1.0 µg/side) and no effect at a third dose (2.0 µg/side). These results suggest that activation of either D1 or D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens can produce reward, and that D1 receptors (and possibly also D2 receptors) located elsewhere in the brain or in the periphery may mediate aversive effects.