腘静脉肌袢成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全

目的研究下肢腘静脉肌袢成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的临床疗效. 方法 1997年1月～2001年6月,选择经过彩色多谱勒、静脉造影确诊为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的27例(27条)下肢,病程2～32年,平均17.4年.均有浅静脉曲张;其中小腿沉重感25例;肿胀22例;足靴区色素沉着25例;单侧慢性溃疡19例;2例曾行单纯大隐静脉结扎剥脱术.静脉压静息直立时平均为(11.00±0.73) kPa, 活动后平均为(9.14±0.68) kPa.均行腘静脉肌袢成形术,同时行大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥术,有12例行腔镜下交通支结扎. 结果术后27条患肢静脉压活动后平均下降为(5.94±0.82) kPa.与术前活动后平均值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).近期疗效良好,小腿沉重感及肿胀完全或基本消失,溃疡创面在2周内愈合.术后22条患肢获2～6年随访,21条患肢疗效优良,无复发;1例随访3年时因肌袢粘连导致小腿深静脉血栓形成. 结论严格掌握适应证,规范手术操作,腘静脉肌袢成形术治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,可获得满意效果.     

内镜筋膜下交通静脉结扎术治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全51例

目的总结内镜筋膜下交通静脉结扎术 (subfascialendoscopicperforatorsurgery ,SEPS)治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全的临床经验。方法从 1999年 11月至 2 0 0 2年 8月采用SEPS治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全 5 1例 ,共 6 4条肢体。采用临床分级、静脉功能评分、彩色多普勒超声、彩色多普勒剖面流速图、静脉造影、空气体积描记仪等方法在手术前后对患肢状况进行分析。结果术后随访率 90 6 % (5 8 6 4 ) ,随访 3～ 35个月。全组浅静脉曲张未见复发 ,有 4 0条肢体溃疡愈合(97 6 % ) ,愈合时间平均 (32± 5 )d ,手术前后静脉功能综合评分均值分别为 (13 9± 1 7)分vs.(6 4± 0 8)分、手术前后彩超剖面流速图静脉返流量均值分别为 (6 1 2± 7 7)ml svs.(45 6± 5 7)ml s和空气体积描记仪 3项指标术前后均值比较均差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论SEPS对于重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全 ,特别是合并静脉性溃疡者具有良好疗效 ,如同时行浅静脉缝扎和深静脉瓣膜修复成形可取得更好的疗效。     

深静脉瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全的随机对照临床研究

目的探讨深静脉瓣膜修复成形术在下肢慢性静脉功能不全治疗中的作用与疗效。方法30例双下肢慢性静脉功能不全的患者接受静脉系统手术治疗。每例2条肢体各采取不同手术方式并随机分组。1条患肢行股浅静脉外瓣膜复成形术加浅静脉手术(A组);另1条患肢仅行浅静脉手术(B组)。术后1个月和3年,利用彩超、流速剖面图彩超技术、空气体积描记仪(APG)和静脉功能不全评分等方法,比较各例2条肢体的疗效以及2组间疗效。结果全组30例患者60条肢体均为CEAP临床分级(Kistner分级)C2～C4级,经彩超和下肢静脉造影证实深静脉瓣膜功能不全返流均为Ⅲ度。术后1个月和3年随访比较,各例属于A组的患肢在静脉返流度、静脉返流量及各项指标均比属于B组患肢改善明显;A组的静脉返流量、静脉灌注指数均值与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2组的静脉返流度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3年随访时2组的射血分数和剩余容量分数均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);静脉功能不全评分均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论深静脉瓣膜修复成形术可使下肢深静脉返流量明显减少,瓣膜功能明显恢复,与下肢浅静脉手术联合治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全有更好的疗效。     

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原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 (DVI)是外科常见病。常合并交通支静脉功能不全。 1998年 4月至 2 0 0 2年3月 ,我们对 2 4例DVI合并交通静脉功能不全病人实施手术治疗。取得满意疗效。现报告如下。1　临床资料本组男 19例 ,女 5例。共 2 7条肢体。年龄 37～ 5 4岁(平均 46 13岁 )。病程 9～ 2 0年。浅静脉曲张 2 7条 ,足靴区色素沉着 2 7条 ,肢体酸胀感 2 7条 ,胫前区凹陷性水肿2 1条 ,足靴区溃疡 16条。 2 7条肢体均行下肢深静脉顺行造影 (有止血带法 ) [1] ,造影可见股浅静脉扩张 ,“竹节样”形态消失 ,造影剂均从功能不全的交通支静…     

下肢静脉性溃疡的综合性手术治疗

目的探讨下肢静脉性溃疡综合性手术治疗的价值。方法总结38例(43条肢体)下肢静脉曲张合并静脉性溃疡患者手术治疗的临床资料。全部患者术前都行顺行性深静脉造影。所有患肢均行浅静脉手术和溃疡周围曲张浅静脉缝扎术,其中8条患肢加行深静脉瓣膜修补术,17条患肢加行腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉结扎术即SEPS,9条患肢加行深静脉瓣膜修补术和SEPS。结果术后所有患者的症状消失,溃疡愈合,小腿皮肤的湿疹或色素沉着明显减轻。术后6个月随访,有6条患肢出现溃疡复发,加行SEPS治疗后溃疡愈合。术后1～2年随访,均无静脉性溃疡复发。结论下肢静脉性溃疡是深、浅静脉和交通静脉功能不全共同作用的结果。在治疗下肢静脉性溃疡时,应同时纠正每个静脉系统的功能不全,尤其是交通静脉功能不全。     

手术结合中药治疗下肢静脉倒流性疾病103例报告

下肢倒流性疾病主要是指原发性下肢深、浅、交通支静脉瓣膜功能不全所引起的一类疾病。我院自1994年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 3月对 10 3例 12 6条肢体分别施行股浅静脉戴戒、浅静脉剥脱及交通静脉结扎术 ,同时配合内服中药 ,效果良好 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组 10 3例 12 6条肢体 ,男 6 2例 ,女 4 1例。左下肢 5 7例 ,右下肢 2 3例 ,双下肢 2 3例。年龄 2 3～ 79岁 ,平均 5 6岁。病程 2～ 4 8年 ,平均 2 1年。其中原发性浅静脉功能不全者 4 8条肢体 ,单纯小腿交通静脉功能不全者 4条肢体 ,深、浅、交通静脉瓣膜功能不全者 74条…     

下肢原发性静脉返流性疾病综合治疗的探讨

目的 :探讨下肢原发性静脉返流性疾病的综合性外科治疗方法及效果。方法 :对患下肢原发性静脉返流性疾病的 4 5例 57条肢体进行手术治疗。所有肢体均行浅静脉手术 ,2 9例 35条肢体在浅静脉手术的同时行股浅静脉壁环形缩窄术。结果 :有 38例 4 9条肢体随访至今 ( 84 .4 % )。 81 .6 % ( 4 1 / 4 9)的患肢静脉性跛行 ,酸胀 ,疼痛等症状消失 ,1 8.4 % ( 9/ 4 9)的患肢症状明显改善。所有肢体静脉曲张消失。 6条合并溃疡肢体 ,术后 3个月 ,5条肢体溃疡愈合 ,1条明显缩小。全组经彩超复查 ,深静脉瓣膜功能恢复正常。结论 :对重度下肢原发性静脉返流性疾病患者的浅静脉、深静脉系统同时给予外科治疗 ,可大大提高临床疗效。     

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目的 探讨腔镜深筋膜下结扎交通支静脉治疗下肢慢性静脉性溃疡的疗效。方法 手术治疗７例下肢静脉曲张病人,该７例均同时存在浅静脉倒流,交通支静脉功能不全,深静脉功能不全和静脉性溃疡。手术方式为腔镜深筋膜下交通支静脉结扎,大隐静脉高位结并抽剥和小腿曲张的浅静脉经连续环形缝扎术,其中５例同时行股浅静脉瓣膜外修复成形术。结果 术后肢体症状和浅静脉曲张消失,６例静脉性溃疡短期内愈合,１例明显缩小。结论 腔镜深     

刨吸术(TriVex)治疗下肢静脉曲张116例临床分析

目的评价TriVex刨吸术治疗下肢静脉曲张的近期治疗效果.方法对116例下肢静脉曲张患者(178条肢体)的曲张浅静脉进行刨吸切除,对手术时间、手术切口、住院时间、并发症及复发率等进行观察.结果每条肢体进行刨吸切除时间为8～45 min,平均24 min;手术切口2～9个,平均4.6个.27条(15.2%)肢体发生局部血肿,2条肢体(1.12%)术后出现小腿蜂窝组织炎,1条(0.56%)术后1个月出现下肢深静脉血栓.116例中有105例(162条肢体)随访3～24个月,平均12.7月,随访率90.5%,复发1例复发率0.62%.结论TriVex刨吸术是治疗下肢静脉曲张的较理想术式.     

股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全疗效评价

目的　评价股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效和应用价值。方法　 97例 (97侧肢体 )经静脉顺行造影证实为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的患者分为A、B两组 ,A组 79例 ,B组 18例。A组行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术同时行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,B组仅行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱术加交通支结扎术。以CEAP临床分类与临床记分和顺行性下肢静脉造影评价疗效。结果　A、B两组术后临床记分均明显下降 (A组P <0 0 1;B组P <0 0 5 )。A组中C5～C6者手术效果较C2 ～C4者好 ;两组C2 ～C4者比较 ,A组手术效果优于B组。术后A组中 6 7侧患肢行顺行性下肢静脉造影 ,瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 83 5 8% (5 6 /6 7) ,显效率为 4 1 79% (2 8/6 7) ;B组 12侧患肢股浅静脉瓣膜功能恢复有效率为 33 33% ,两组有效率比较 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎加股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,较大隐静脉高位结扎加交通支结扎术更有助于临床症状缓解和瓣膜形态功能的恢复。术前明确诊断为原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者 ,宜行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术。     

下肢深静脉功能不全诊治的实验和临床研究

目的研究治疗不同程度下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全的有效方法。方法①观察以自体大隐静脉片、自体阔筋膜片和人造血管片作深静脉瓣膜包窄术的效果;②分别采用股或静脉瓣修复加包窄术、股或（和）静脉瓣包窄术、股浅静脉瓣修复和包窄加静脉瓣包窄术、自体带瓣腋静脉段静脉移植外加人造血管环包术、股静脉瓣包窄加静脉外代瓣术、静脉外代瓣术,共治疗１２１例（１３３条患肢）;③以静脉插管造影和彩色多普勒超声检查作为诊断和评估疗效的观察指标。结果①以膨体聚四氟乙烯人造血管片作包窄材料的效果最好;②彩超检查与静脉造影比较准确率为９１８６％;③本组患者平均随访３７８年,治愈率９１７３％。结论治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,应根据病情选用不同的手术方法。     

Primary deep venous incompetence in limbs with varicose veins

Deep venous valvular incompetence (DVI) of primary, non-thrombotic origin has received little interest compared with secondary, postthrombotic DVI. In this study both limbs of 308 patients with untreated or surgically treated varicose veins in at least one limb were examined with Doppler ultrasound for signs of deep vein reflux. Ascending venography was used to exclude limbs with secondary DVI and descending venography to assess valve function. Doppler examination disclosed reflux in 3.5% of the "normal" limbs but in none of the limbs without recurrent varicose veins. A high incidence of primary DVI was found in limbs with untreated varicose veins (20.6%, p less than 0.001) and in those with recurrent or residual varicose veins (42.9%, p less than 0.001), compared with that in "normal" limbs. Popliteal vein reflux was observed in 14% and 37% in these two groups and a combination of femoral and popliteal reflux in 4% and 16%. Reflux of grade 2 or more at descending venography was noted in 43 of 78 limbs with Doppler evidence of reflux. Primary DVI is a common condition in patients with varicose veins. Further studies are needed to determine its clinical significance.     

应用股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效评价

目的用CEAP分类记分法 (clinical,etiologic ,anatomic ,andpathophysiologic ,CEAP)评价股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术治疗原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全 (PDVI)的疗效和应用价值。方法将 97例 (97侧肢体 )经顺行性静脉造影证实PDVI的患者分为A组 79侧 ,B组 18侧。A组行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱 交通支结扎术同时行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄术 ,B组仅行大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱 交通支结扎术。以CEAP临床分类与临床记分评价疗效。结果A、B两组术后临床记分均明显下降 (A组由 6 4± 3 7降至 1 7± 1 8,P <0 0 1;B组由 3 8± 3 6降至 1 4± 1 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,A组较B组下降程度更大 (P <0 0 1)。结论从CEAP临床记分结果看 ,股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术有助于PDVI患者临床症状缓解。因此术前明确诊断为PDVI的患者 ,应行股浅静脉瓣膜环形缩窄手术。     

腘静脉外肌袢形成术并发症再探讨

目的　对腘静脉外肌袢形成术后并发症作再度探讨。 方法　将１９８１ 年至１９９７ 年１２月内手术的１ ２８４ 例患者,共１６３２ 条下肢中,发生并发症的患肢１５１ 条,根据临床表现、患肢静脉和淋巴造影检查、多功能周围血管检测仪和动态压力测定等的资料,作全面的临床分析,找出并发症的原因,并提出防治的措施。 结果　早期并发症（ 术后６ 个月以内） 以小腿肿胀和深静脉血栓形成为主,在１２８ 条患肢中各为１８ 条（１１－９％） 和９１ 条（６０－３％ ）;２３ 条患肢发生远期并发症（ 术后６ 个月以上） ,以肌袢过短、粘连（１５ 条,９－９％ ）和腘静脉血栓形成（８ 条,５－３％ ） 为主。 结论　肌袢术后并发症多因适应证和手术操作不当,以及手术本身的某些缺陷而引起。熟练、正规的手术操作和选择良好的肌袢替代物,是提高肌袢术疗效的关键     

腘静脉肌袢代瓣术治疗重度原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全的疗效分析

目的研究腘静脉肌袢代瓣术进行深静脉瓣膜重建对重度原发性下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全(PDVI)的疗效。方法选取106例CEAP分级4级以上患者,随机分为肌袢代瓣联合浅静脉手术组和单纯浅静脉手术组,对比两组术前、术后14 d及术后2年的静脉疾病临床严重度评分(VCSS)。结果两组术后14 d VCSS总分及疼痛、静脉曲张、炎症及溃疡评分均较术前明显下降(P<0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2年VCSS总分[(3.5±1.8)vs.(4.7±3.1),P=0.039]、静脉曲张(P=0.026)与水肿(P=0.021)评分肌袢组较单纯浅静脉组显著下降。结论对CEAP分级4级以上,且合并严重静脉水肿的PDVI患者,肌袢代瓣术联合浅静脉剥脱术远期疗效优于单纯浅静脉手术。     

Effect of external valvuloplasty of the deep vein in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremity

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to verify the efficacy of external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein in the treatment of primary chronic venous insufficiency (PCVI). METHODS: Forty patients with PCVI of the bilateral lower extremities were enrolled at the time of surgical management. All 80 limbs were classified as CEAP C2 to C4, with moderate incompetence of the deep vein. The limbs of each patient were randomized into one of two groups according to the operative method, so that when one limb was randomized to group A, regardless of whether it was the right or left limb, the other limb was assigned to group B. In group A, external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein was combined with surgery of the superficial venous system; in group B, surgery of the superficial venous system alone was performed. The therapeutic effects between the limbs in groups A and B were compared by color duplex scanning, a color Doppler velocity profile, air plethysmography (APG), and a CEAP severity score at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Within each group of limbs, no significant differences were found in the average operative time within each group of limbs. The varicose veins resolved, there were no deep vein thromboses, and the wounds healed well postoperatively in all cases. Leg heaviness was relieved completely in 90% of group A limbs (36/40) and 55% of group B limbs (22/40). Venous valve competence was achieved in 100%, 98.1%, and 90.9% of group A limbs at 1 month, 1 year, and 3 years postoperatively, respectively. The amount of venous reflux, APG indices, and CEAP severity scores were not significantly different between the two groups preoperatively (P > .05). The amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, CEAP severity scores, and muscle pumping indices improved markedly in group A limbs postoperatively compared with group B limbs (P < .01); muscle pumping indices did not improve significantly in group B limbs postoperatively (P > .05). There were significant differences in the amount of venous reflux, reflux indices, and CEAP severity scores between group A and B limbs at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively (P < .01). There were significant differences in all parameters assessed between group A and B limbs 3 years postoperatively (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: External valvuloplasty of the femoral vein combined with surgical repair of the superficial venous system improved the hemodynamic status of the lower limbs, restored valvular function more effectively, and achieved better outcomes than surgical repair of the superficial venous system alone.     

Hemodynamic and clinical impact of ultrasound-derived venous reflux parameters

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess which ultrasound-derived parameter was superior for measuring venous reflux quantitatively and to evaluate the importance of popliteal vein valve reflux. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 244 refluxive limbs in 182 patients who underwent ultrasound scanning, venous pressure measurement, air plethysmography, and clinical classification of severity according to the CEAP score. Reflux time (RT, s), peak reflux velocity (PRV, m/s), time of average rate of reflux (TAF, mL/min), absolute displaced volume retrogradely (ADV, mL) were compared to clinical class, ambulatory venous pressure (% drop), venous filling time (s), and venous filling index (mL/s) using nonparametric statistical tests. A P value of <.05 was considered significant. Limbs were divided into 3 groups: (A) axial great saphenous vein reflux only (n = 68); (B) axial deep reflux including popliteal vein incompetence with or without concomitant gastrocnemius or great or small saphenous vein reflux (all ultrasound reflux parameters of each refluxive vein added at the knee level) (n = 79); and (C) all limbs with popliteal vein reflux (the ultrasound data of the refluxive popliteal vein exclusively was used in comparison regardless of concomitant associated reflux) (n = 103). Limbs were also stratified into limbs with skin changes and ulcer (C-class 4-6) and those without (C-class 1-3) and subsequently compared. RESULTS: No meaningful significant correlation was found between RT and the clinical and hemodynamic results in groups A and B. The PRV and TAF correlated significantly with the hemodynamic parameters. The PRV and TAF and clinical severity trended towards correlation in group A (P =.0554 and P =.0998, respectively), but was significantly correlated in group B. The poor hemodynamic condition in the subset of C-class 4-6 limbs in groups A and B was reflected in a greater PRV, TAF, and ADV in this subset as compared with the limbs in C-class 1-3. RT was not significantly different in the subsets of limbs, further suggesting that RT is not related to hemodynamic or clinical state of the limbs. No meaningful correlations were found in group C. Although the hemodynamic data were significantly poorer in the subset of limbs with C-class 4-6 than in C-class 1-3, the ultrasound-derived parameters were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The duration of valve reflux time (or valve closure time) cannot be used to quantify severity of reflux and is purely a qualitative measurement. The PRV and the rate of reflux appeared to better reflect the magnitude of venous incompetence. In the presence of axial reflux, it appeared logical and physiologically correct to sum up these reflux parameters for each venous segment crossing the knee. The popliteal valve reflux (the "gatekeeper" function) was not in itself an important determinant of venous hemodynamics and clinical severity. Additional reflux in other venous segments must be taken into account.     

Direct popliteal valve substitution by Technique II and its efficacy in deep venous insufficiency of the lower limb

The substitute "valve" operation by Technique II using a silastic tendon designed to produce a valve-like mechanism on the popliteal vein is described. The results achieved in 65 limbs with deep venous insufficiency due to reflux in the deep veins have been assessed by Doppler ultrasound, by measurement of ambulatory venous pressure before and one week after operation and by phlebography twenty seven limbs were followed-up one to three years after operation. The clinical improvement in 60 limbs was associated with reduction in the ambulatory venous pressure, with abolition of popliteal reflux and phlebographic evidence of a functioning substitute "valve".     

Prevalence of deep venous reflux in patients with primary superficial vein incompetence

PURPOSE: This prospective study was designed to determine the prevalence of deep reflux and the conditions under which it may occur in patients with primary superficial venous reflux and absence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). METHODS: We studied 152 limbs in 120 consecutive patients in the standing position who had superficial venous reflux with color flow duplex scanning. Limbs with documented evidence of DVT or post-thrombotic vein wall changes during the examination were studied but not included in the analysis. Limbs were divided into those that had at least reflux in the saphenofemoral, the saphenopopliteal, or the gastropopliteal junction and into those with nonjunctional reflux in the superficial and gastrocnemial veins. Peak velocity and duration of reflux were measured. To examine the recirculation theory, we tested the deep veins by occluding and refluxing saphenous veins 10 cm below the sampling site. RESULTS: Thirteen limbs in 11 patients (9%) were excluded because of previous DVT. Of the remaining 139 limbs, 106 (76%) had junctional reflux. Saphenofemoral junction was involved in 89 limbs (84%), saphenopopliteal junction in 18 (17%), and gastropopliteal junction in 7 (4%). In 33 limbs (24%), reflux was detected in the main trunk or tributaries of the saphenous veins alone with no junctional incompetence. Femoral or popliteal reflux was present in 31 limbs (22%). This reflux was segmental in 27 limbs, and it was limited in the junction in 24 limbs. The mean duration of deep venous reflux was 0.9 seconds, it ranged from 0.6 to 3.7 seconds, and it was significantly shorter than that in the superficial veins (2.6 seconds; P <.0001). In the absence of junctional reflux, the prevalence of deep venous insufficiency (DVI) was significantly lower compared with that in limbs with junctional involvement (2 of 33 vs 29 of 106; P =.038). The mean duration of deep venous reflux in these groups was comparable (0.85 seconds vs 0. 91 seconds; P =.44). Occlusion of the incompetent superficial veins reduced somewhat the duration of the deep venous reflux but did not abolish it (0.88 seconds vs 0.82 seconds; P =.072). The presence of DVI was associated with junctional reflux of high peak velocity and long duration. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of DVI in patients with primary superficial venous reflux and without history of DVT is 22%. However, this reflux is segmental, mainly in the common femoral vein, and is of short duration. It is associated with the presence of junctional incompetence that has a high peak velocity and long duration. These findings may explain why surgical correction of superficial reflux abolishes DVI.