CO2气腹对肝硬化兔肝脏血流的影响

目的:探讨CO2 气腹对肝硬化兔肝脏血流循环及肝功能的影响。方法:制备肝硬化兔模型,于不同的CO2 气腹,用彩色多普勒超声腹腔内检测门静脉、肝动脉和背主动脉的血流速度、管内径和肝动脉阻力指数,监测心率,计算血流量、门静脉淤血指数。检测气腹前后兔肝功能。结果:腹内压升高,肝硬化组和对照组兔背主动脉血流、心率改变差异无显著性;门静脉血流降低,肝硬化组于10mmHg气腹压下减少45. 5% (P<0. 05),同时肝动脉血流增加,肝脏总体循环血流减少,肝功能受损,肝硬化兔改变稍明显,但两组差异无显著性。系统血供(背主动脉血流)与肝脏血流无关联(P>0. 05),门静脉血流与腹内压有相关性(P<0. 05),肝动脉血流与动脉阻力指数呈负相关(P<0. 05)。结论:CO2 气腹对肝硬化兔肝脏血流影响较大,门静脉血流显著降低且肝动脉缓冲效应减弱;肝硬化兔肝功能更易受损。尽管实验中低于10mmHgCO2 气腹对肝硬化兔肝脏血流影响较轻,但肝硬化患者行腹腔镜手术时仍需注意腹内压力和气腹持续时间。     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术CO2气腹对下肢深静脉血流动力学影响的研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术CO2气腹及体位对下肢深静脉血流动力学的影响.方法 2007年8月至2008年6月,通过彩色多普勒对南京军区福州总医院30例腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术病人平卧位气腹前、不同CO2气腹压(6mmHg、8mmHg、10mmHg、12mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa)下及12mmHg CO2气腹建立后,取头低脚高位,测定手术前后股静脉直径、平均血流速度,血流量.结果 与气腹前相比,6mmHg CO2气腹建立后,股静脉血流动力学指标无显著变化,但CO2气腹压增至8mmHg后,随着气腹压的增加出现与压力呈显著正相关的股静脉直径增大、血流速度减慢、血流量减少.术中12mmHg CO2气腹建立后取头低脚高位时与平卧位比较股静脉直径显著减小,平均血流速度、血流量均显著增加,但达不到气腹前水平;至术毕气体排出前,股静脉直径基本恢复到平卧位气腹后水平,而平均血流速度、血流量仍高于平卧位气腹后水平,但显著低于气腹后头低脚高位时;术后气体排出后取平卧位,股静脉直径变小,但与气腹前相比仍显著增粗,而平均血流速度及血流量基本达到气腹形成前的水平.结论 腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术CO2气腹的建立可致与压力呈正相关的下肢静脉血液回流不畅,增加术后静脉血栓的风险,应尽量采用较低气腹压;而其特殊的头低脚高体位有利于血液的回流,可改善CO2气腹所致静脉血液回流不畅,但不能完全抵销其对血液回流的阻滞作用,术中静脉瘀滞客观存在,可增加术后静脉血栓的风险,在围手术期仍应积极采取预防措施.     

硫化氢对肝硬化大鼠门静脉压力及血流动力学改变的影响

目的 探讨硫化氢对大鼠肝硬化形成过程中门静脉压力及血流动力学改变的影响.方法 选用雌雄各半健康SD大鼠60只,随机分为假手术组、胆管结扎法制备肝硬化组、硫氢化钠干预组.6周后,分别测出各组门静脉的直径、门静脉的血流速度、门静脉压力、下腔静脉压力,算出门静脉血流量、充血分数、肝内血管阻力.结果 6周后,肝硬化组、硫氢化钠干预组大鼠门静脉直径增宽,血流速度减慢,压力增高,血流量增加,充血分数及肝内血管阻力均增加,与假手术组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).硫氢化钠干预组与肝硬化组比较,门静脉血流速度增快,门静脉压力、充血分数及肝内血管阻力均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),门静脉直径及血流量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).肝硬化组大鼠肝脏有不可逆性病理改变即假小叶形成,硫氢化钠干预组大鼠肝脏汇管区纤维组织增生,形成不完整的假小叶.结论 硫化氢可明显降低大鼠肝硬化形成过程中门静脉压力,改善肝内微循环,延缓肝硬化的形成.     

CO2气腹对肝硬变大鼠肠黏膜通透性影响的实验研究

目的 探讨CO2气腹对肝硬变大鼠肠道黏膜通透性的影响。方法建立肝硬变大鼠模型。50只大鼠随机分为对照组（n=5），肝硬变组（n=5）及肝硬变气腹组（n=40），肝硬变气腹组根据不同气腹压又分为8mmHg和13mmHg2个亚组，每组20只。各组大鼠（肝硬变气腹组分别在气腹结束后0．5、2、6及12h）取门静脉血检测血清内毒素及D-乳酸含量。结果肝硬变组血清内毒素及D-乳酸含量均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；而肝硬变气腹组不同气腹压及持续不同时间后的血清D-乳酸及内毒素含量则均明显高于肝硬变组（P〈0．05），其中血清内毒素含量随气腹压增高而增高（13mmHg vs 8mmHg，F=5．466，P〈0．05），但血清D-乳酸含量不同气腹压间的差异无统计学意义（F=0．415，P〉0．05）。结论肝硬变大鼠肠黏膜通透性增加，在此基础上建立CO2气腹若增加到一定压力并持续一定时间后，可增加肠黏膜的通透性，且此变化随气腹压力增高而加大，但解除气腹后可逐渐恢复。     

不同体位及CO2气腹压对下肢深静脉血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术的体位及CO2气腹对下肢深静脉血流动力学的影响.方法 采用彩色多普勒测定30例腹腔镜手术患者气腹前的3种体位(平卧位,头低脚高位,头高脚低位)及平卧位时3种CO2气腹压(8 mmHg,12 mmHg,16 mmHg)下的股静脉直径、平均血流速度和血流量.结果 与气腹前平卧位比较.头低脚高位患者股静脉直径显著减小(P<0.05),平均血流速度及血流量均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05);头高脚低位及平卧位气腹建立后股静脉直径均显著增大(P<0.01),平均血流速度及血流量均显著减少(P<0.01,P<0.05).且随着气腹压的增加,股静脉直径逐渐增大,平均血流速度及血流量逐渐减少,各组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 头低脚高位有利于血液的回流,可能降低术后下肢深静脉血栓的风险;头高脚低位及高CO2气腹压均可使血液回流不畅,导致术后下肢深静脉血栓发生的风险可能增加.     

雌激素改善肝硬化门静脉高压症大鼠全身和内脏高动力循环

目的 探讨雌激素（E2）对四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导的肝硬化门静脉高压症（PHT）大鼠全身和内脏高动力循环的影响。方法 Spargue-Dawley雌性大鼠32只,随机分成4组：假手术组、去势+PHT、去势+PHT+E2组、去势+PHT+E2+ICI组。皮下注射CCl4诱导肝硬化PHT,并给予E2和（或）ICI182,780治疗。B超和压力测定测量各组大鼠全身和门静脉血流动力学指标。结果 去势+PHT大鼠较假手术大鼠平均动脉压降低,心率减慢,门静脉压力升高,门静脉血流量和血流指数增加,外周和内脏血管阻力减小。卵巢切除PHT大鼠在用雌激素治疗后门静脉压力降低,外周血管阻力和内脏动脉阻力增加。但用ICI182,780拮抗雌激素作用后,全身和内脏高动力循环再次加重。结论 雌激素能降低CCl4诱导的肝硬化PHT大鼠的门静脉压力、门静脉血流量,增加外周和内脏血管阻力,改善全身和内脏高动力循环。     

不同体位和不同压力的CO2气腹对腹腔镜手术患者下肢深静脉血流动力学的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜手术特殊的体位及CO2气腹对患者下肢深静脉血流动力学的影响。方法2007年11月至2008年9月．通过彩色多普勒测定37例腹腔镜胃癌手术患者气腹前3种体位（平卧位、头低脚高位和头高脚低位）及平卧位气腹建立后的3种CO2气腹压（8、12和16mmHg）时股静脉直径、平均血流速度和血流量。结果与气腹前平卧位比较。头低脚高位患者股静脉直径显著减少（P〈0．05）,平均血流速度及血流量均显著增加（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;头高脚低位及平卧位气腹建立后股静脉直径均显著增大（P〈0．01）．平均血流速度及血流量均显著减少（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,且随着气腹压的增加,股静脉直径逐渐增大,平均血流速度及血流量逐渐减少,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论头低脚高位有利于血液的回流,而头高脚低位及CO2气腹压均可使血液回流不畅．可能影响下肢深静脉血栓的发生。     

CO_2气腹对大鼠胃肠动力和十二指肠组织一氧化氮、丙二醛含量的影响

目的:建立大鼠CO2气腹模型,观察不同气腹压力对大鼠胃肠动力指标及十二指肠组织一氧化氮、丙二醛含量的影响。方法:随机将36只大鼠按不同气腹压力(0 mmHg,10 mmHg,15 mmHg)分为三组,每组均接受2 h气腹时程的处理,观察不同气腹压力下胃排空率及小肠推进比的变化趋势,以及十二指肠组织一氧化氮、丙二醛水平的变化。结果:气腹2 h时,低压组(10 mmHg)较气腹前胃残留率显著升高,小肠推进比显著下降(P<0.05),一氧化氮下降非常明显(P<0.05),丙二醛有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高压组(15 mmHg)各指标变化更为显著(P<0.01)。结论:CO2气腹使胃残留率增加,小肠推进比下降,十二指肠一氧化氮含量减低,丙二醛升高,随着气腹压力的增高,此作用显著增强。     

原发性肝癌肝动脉和门静脉血液动力学变化的临床研究

应用彩色多普勒血流声像仪对４０例原发性肝癌病人的肝固有动脉和门静脉血流进行宣测定，并与１６例肝硬变病人和２０例正常人对比。结果发现：原发性肝癌病人肝固有动脉的血流速度、血流量显著高于正常人和肝硬变病人；门静脉血流量，与肝硬变病人相似，明显高于正常人，但门静脉血流速度低于正常人；肝固有动脉与门静脉供血比例高达１：１．４９，大于正常人和肝硬化病人。     

CO2气腹对慢性肺功能不全兔肺功能影响的实验研究

目的探讨腹腔镜手术中建立的CO2气腹对慢性肺功能不全兔肺功能的影响和损伤机制. 方法依据随机原则,将50只健康雄性日本大耳白兔分为4组,即正常对照组(N0:n=5,免气腹),实验对照组(T0:n=5,免气腹),10 mmHg气腹实验组(T10:n=20, 10 mmHg气腹),15 mmHg气腹实验组(T15:n=20, 15 mmHg气腹).兔肺气肿模型稳定后,建CO2气腹,压力为10 mmHg(1.33 kPa)和15 mmHg(2.00 kPa)2种,作用时间2 h.分别在气腹前后各时点通过脉冲振荡法测4组肺功能(呼吸总阻力、中心阻力、总气道阻力). 结果兔肺气肿模型稳定后呼吸总阻力、中心阻力、总气道阻力升高.与气腹前相比,气腹结束时呼吸总阻力、中心阻力、总气道阻力显著下降(q=17.824, P<0.05;q=69.643, P<0.0.5;q=9.315,P<0.05),气腹后2 h表现为各值升至最高(q=48.631,P<0.05;q=107.842,P<0.05;q=57.213, P<0.05),此后开始降低,气腹后18 h升至比气腹结束时略高状态(q=26.313, P<0.05;q=73.499,P<0.05;q=23.547,P<0.05).15 mmHg(2.00 kPa)压力下变化更为显著. 结论在CO2 气腹条件下,慢性肺功能不全机体易发生血流动力学紊乱和肺通气障碍、顺应性降低,导致肺功能损伤,且气腹压力越高损伤越显著.     

一氧化氮在大鼠肝硬变门静脉高压症形成中的作用及其对血液动力学 …

目的 探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在肝硬变门静脉高压症（ＰＨＴ）形成过程中的作用。方法 采用比色法和鲎试验改良基质显色法,对大鼠肝硬变ＰＨＴ形成过程中,外周血ＮＯ、内毒素浓度和血液动力学的变化进行检测,观察了ＮＯ合成酶抑制剂Ｌ－ＮＭＭＡ对ＰＨＴ大鼠血液动力学的影响。 结果 （１）在大鼠肝硬变ＰＨＴ形成过程的早、中、晚三期,血浆ＮＯ和内毒素水平显著升高。（２）在肝硬变形成各期门静脉阻力（ＰＶＲ）和门静脉压力     

内皮素反义基因治疗门静脉高压症的研究

目的研究内皮素-1反义寡核苷酸（ET1-ASON）在内毒素（LPS）致门静脉高压中的作用.方法应用ET1-ASON预处理后将LPS以1 mg/kg体重腹腔注射大鼠,以正义、错义ET1-ASON和生理盐水作为对照,4 h后检测大鼠PVF、PVP、PVR和IVCP;应用放射免疫法、RT-PCR检测各组门静脉血和肝脏的ET1表达情况.结果ET1-ASON处理组大鼠门静脉血浆和肝脏组织ET1表达减低;PVR和PVP较对照组明显降低,PVF无明显改变.结论ET1-ASON在内毒素致门脉高压中主要通过降低PVR起作用.     

The optimum pneumoperitoneum pressure for laparoscopic surgery in the rat model

Background: There is increasing interest in the rat model of laparoscopic surgery. This study evaluates the cardiorespiratory effects of increasing CO₂ pneumoperitoneum (PP) in the rat. Methods: Nine Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to CO₂ PP at pressures of 2, 5, 10, and 15 mmHg or control (no PP) under anesthesia. Catheters were placed in the femoral artery and the jugular vein to measure heart rate (HR), blood pressure (MAP), and arterial pH, PCO₂, PO₂, and HCO₃. A thermistor probe in the aortic arch measured cardiac output (CO) and blood temperature (BT). Results: CO₂ PP had no effect on CO, MAP, or BT at any pressure. CO₂ PP greater than 5 mmHg caused significant bradycardia and CO₂ PP greater than 10 mmHg caused significant respiratory acidosis. Conclusions: CO₂ PP pressures above 10 mmHg in rat should be avoided when performing laparoscopic surgery in the rat model.     

Influence of pneumoperitoneum and patient positioning on respiratory system compliance

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of pneumoperitoneum (PP) and posture on respiratory compliance and ventilation pressures. DESIGN: Prospective, single blind trial. PATIENTS: 10 female ASA physical status I and II patients scheduled for elective gynecologic laparoscopy. SETTING: University medical center. INTERVENTIONS: Anesthesia was performed as total IV anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol, alfentanil, and atracurium. After induction of anesthesia and orotracheal intubation, the lungs were ventilated to maintain partial pressure of CO(2) (P(ET)CO(2)) of 30 +/- 3 mmHg. Ventilation was kept constant. As gas mixture oxygen and air 1:1 was used without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). MEASUREMENTS: Measurements were taken before and after creation of pneumoperitoneum with an intraabdominal pressure (IAP) of 10 mmHg, of 15 mmHg in 20 degrees head-down tilt, then in 20 degrees head-up tilt, and after deflation of PP. We determined peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean airway pressure (mPaw), P(ET)CO(2), expiratory minute volume (V(E)), heart rate (HR), and systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). Respiratory system compliance (C(eff rs)) was calculated as quotient of tidal volume (V(T)) and PIP. MAIN RESULTS: After creation of PP (IAP 10 mmHg), there was a significant increase of median PIP (3 cmH(2)O), mPaw (1 cm H(2)O) and arterial pressure (BP), (MAP by 7 mmHg), C(eff rs) decreased by 6 mL. cm H(2)O(-1). Increase of IAP to 15 mmHg led to a further increase of PIP (2 cm H(2)O) and mPaw (1 cm H(2)O), and a further decrease of C(eff rs) by 5 mL cm H(2)O(-1); BP decreased (MAP by 5.5 mmHg). Head-up or head down positions showed no significant hemodynamic or pulmonary changes. P(ET)CO(2)increased from 29.5 to 36 mmHg at an IAP of 15 mmHg, but then no further changes were noticed. Five minutes after deflation of pneumoperitoneum all values returned to baseline levels. CONCLUSIONS: Creation of PP at an IAP of 15 mmHg reduced respiratory system compliance, and increased peak inspiratory and mean airway pressures, which quickly returned to normal values after deflation. Head-down or head-up position did not further alter those parameters.     

Effect of dopamine infusion on hemodynamics after hepatic denervation

BACKGROUND:. The effects of dopamine (DA) on systemic hemodynamics are better understood than its effects on hepatic hemodynamics, especially after liver denervation occurring during liver transplantation. Therefore, a porcine model was used to study DA's effects on hemodynamics after hepatic denervation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen pigs underwent laparotomy for catheter and flow probe placement. The experimental group (n = 7) also underwent hepatic denervation. After 1 week, all pigs underwent DA infusion at increasing doses (3-30 mcg/kg/min) while measuring hepatic parameters [portal vein flow (PVF), hepatic artery flow (HAF), total hepatic blood flow (THBF = HAF + PVF), portal and hepatic vein pressures] and systemic parameters [heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP)]. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in HAF from baseline to the 30 mcg/kg/min DA infusion rate (within-subjects P < 0.01), but the differences between the two groups were not significant. PVF and THBF showed large effects (increases) with denervation, but the increase in flow with DA infusion was not present after denervation. Perihepatic pressures were unchanged by denervation or DA. Heart rate differed significantly between the control and denervated animals at baseline, 3, 6, 12 (all P < 0.05), and 30 mcg/kg/min DA (P = 0.10). Control vs denervation MAP at baseline was 100 +/- 4 vs 98 +/- 4 Torr and at 30 mcg/kg/min it was 110 +/- 3 vs 101 +/- 5 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic flows tended to be higher after denervation. HAF showed similar increases with DA in both control and denervation groups. Increases in PVF and THBF with DA infusion were not present after denervation. HR was significantly decreased and MAP tended to be lower after denervation. The HR and MAP response to DA was similar in both groups. Therefore, both denervation and DA infusion have an effect on systemic and hepatic hemodynamics.     

梗阻性黄疸患者全身和门静脉血流动力学变化及消炎痛的调节作用

为探讨梗阻性黄疸和胆囊结石患者全身和门静脉的血流动力学变化及消炎痛的调节作用，作者将73例梗阻性黄疸患者（A组）分为＜60岁非消炎痛组（A1组）、消炎痛术前组（A2组）、消炎痛术后组（A3组）和老年梗阻组（A6组），检测其全身和门静脉血流动力学变化，并与胆囊结石（B组）患者比较。结果：梗阻性黄疸各亚组每搏量、心输出量和心脏指数均显著高于B组（P＜0．01）；平均动脉压、周围血管阻力和门脉血流显著低于B组（P＜0．01）；A2、A3两组与其余各亚组比较，其平均动脉压、周围血管阻力和门脉血流虽有显著改善，但与B组比较仍有极显著性差异（P＜0．01）。提示消炎痛有改善梗阻性黄疸患者循环功能、门脉血流和肝功能的作用。     

Experimental evaluation of the effects of the intraportal administration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate on ischemia/reperfusion in the porcine liver

This study was done to examine the protective effects of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a second messenger of nitric oxide, for ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver, since it is known to induce vasodilatation and to inhibit platelet aggregation. Using an experimental model of porcine liver ischemia, 8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′ monophosphate, a cGMP analog, was continuously administered into the portal vein before ischemia and after reperfusion 30 min for each in the cGMP group (n=6). Saline water was administered in the same way in the control group (n=6). The cardiac output (CO), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), portal venous flow (PVF), hepatic arterial flow (HAF), hepatic tissue blood flow (HTBF), and hepatic tissue cGMP level were determined. Hepatic enzymes and the bile discharge were also assessed as indicators of hepatic function. The hepatic tissue cGMP level was significantly higher, and PVF, HTBF, and the bile discharge were significantly greater in the cGMP group, while there were no remarkable differences between the groups with CO, MAP, HAF, and hepatic enzymes. In conclusion, the continuous supplementation of cGMP into the portal vein was found to be beneficial for preserving both the hepatic circulation and, consequently, the hepatic function of after warm ischemia of porcine liver.     

不同CO_2气腹压力对腹腔镜下治疗胃癌的临床效果的影响

目的考察不同CO_2气腹压力对腹腔镜下治疗胃癌的临床效果的影响。方法选取2015年3月至2016年3月行腹腔镜下胃癌根治术的患者87例进行前瞻性研究。根据患者在腹腔镜手术中CO_2的气腹压力,随机分为低CO_2气腹组(7~9 mm Hg,29例)、中CO_2气腹组(10~12 mm Hg,29例)和高CO_2气腹组(13~15 mm Hg,29例),分别监测患者在气腹前(T0)、气腹后1 h(T1)、气腹后2 h(T2)和气腹停止后1 h(T3)各时间点三组患者的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、酸碱度(pH)、动脉血二氧化碳分压(Pa CO_2)、动脉血氧分压(Pa O_2)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)和尿量。采用SPSS 17.0版软件对所有数据进行分析,术中相关指标及各时间点HR、MAP、pH、Pa CO_2、Pa O_2、Cys-C和尿量的变化,均以均数±标准差(x珋±s)的形式表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用χ2检验;以P0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果与各组T0时间点和低CO_2气腹组相比,中、高CO_2气腹组T1至T3时间点的HR、MAP、Pa CO_2和Cys-C均显著升高,而尿量显著降低,差异具有统计学意义P0.05。结论低CO_2气腹压力对行腹腔镜治疗胃癌患者术中的循环和呼吸系统影响最小,并且可显著减轻气腹压力对肾功能的损伤,临床效果好、可推广应用于临床。     

Effect of insufflation gas and intraabdominal pressure on portal venous flow during pneumoperitoneum in the rat

BACKGROUND: Carbon dioxide, the primary gas used to establish a pneumoperitoneum, causes numerous systemic effects related to cardiovascular function and acid-base balance. Therefore, the use of other gases, such as helium, has been proposed. Furthermore, the pneumoperitoneum itself, with the concomitant elevation of intraabdominal pressure, causes local and systemic effects that have been only partly elucidated. Portal blood flow, which plays an important role in hepatic function and cell-conveyed immune response, is one of the affected parameters. METHODS: An established animal model (rat) of laparoscopic surgery was extended by implanting a periportal flow probe. Hemodynamics in the portal vein were then measured by transit-time ultrasonic flowmetry during increasing intraabdominal pressure (2-12 mmHg) caused by gas insufflation (carbon dioxide vs helium). RESULTS: The installation of the pneumoperitoneum with increasing intraperitoneal pressure led to a significant linear decrease in portal venous flow for both carbon dioxide and helium. At higher pressure levels (8-12 mmHg), portal blood flow was significantly lower (1.5-2.5-fold) during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. An intraabdominal pressure of 8 mmHg caused a decrease to 38.2% of the initial flow (helium, 59.7%); whereas at 12 mmHg, portal flow was decreased to 16% (helium, 40.5%). CONCLUSION: Elevated intraabdominal pressure generated by the pneumoperitoneum results in a reduction of portal venous flow. This effect is significantly stronger during carbon dioxide insufflation. Portal flow reduction may compromise hepatic function and cell-conveyed immune response during laparoscopic surgery.     

Liver histology alterations during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in a porcine model

Background This study aimed to investigate the time course changes in liver histology during carbon dioxide (CO₂) pneumoperitoneum in a large animal model. Methods For this study, 14 white pigs were anesthetized. Liver biopsies performed 0, 1, and 2 h after establishment of CO₂ pneumoperitoneum (at 12 mmHg) and after peritoneal desufflation were sent for histologic examination. Heart rate, mean blood pressure, hepatic artery flow, portal vein flow, and aortic flow were recorded in 10-min increments. Three animals served as control subjects. Results A statistically significant time course increase was observed in portal inflammation, intralobular inflammation, edema, sinusoidal dilation, sinusoidal hyperemia, centrilobular dilation, centrilobular hyperemia, pericentrilobular ischemia, and focal lytic necrosis scores. There were no significant changes in the control group. This eliminated an effect of anesthesia only. The portal vein flow increased as much as 21%, and the hepatic artery flow decreased as much as 31% of baseline, but these differences did not attain statistical significance. Aortic flow remained relatively stable. Conclusion Histomorphologic changes occurred, indicating liver tissue injury during CO₂ pneumoperitoneum at an intraabdominal pressure of 12 mmHg in the porcine model. Portal vein flow increased, and hepatic artery flow decreased, whereas aortic flow remained relatively unaffected in this experiment. Presented in part orally at the 10th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, Berlin, September 2006