α粒子对叙利亚地鼠胚胎细胞H－ras和p53基因的影响

观察了２Ｇｙα粒子（５．３４ＭｅＶ）照射诱发叙利亚地鼠胚胎细胞转化后Ｈ－ｒａｓ和ｐ５３基因的变化．结果表明，转化细胞Ｈ－ｒａｓ基因处于激活和ｐ５３基因失活状态，以逆转录聚合酶链反应和单链构象多态性分析方法进一步分析，证明Ｈ－ｒａｓ基因发生突变和ｐ５３基因部分缺失．本实验结果提示，Ｈ－ｒａｓ基因突变与ｐ５３基因突变的偶联可能是α粒子诱发叙利亚胚胎细胞转化的重要分子机理．     

用裸RNA免疫小鼠产生抗天然HIV-1包膜糖蛋白单克隆抗体

作者介绍了使用西门利克森林病毒（ＳＦＶ）这一新型表达系统产生具有天然构型的１型人类免疫缺陷症病毒（ＨＩＶ－１）包膜（Ｅｎｖ）糖蛋白，以及用裸ＳＦＶ－ｇｐ１６０ＲＮＡ免疫小鼠制备抗Ｅｎｖ单克隆抗体（ＭｃＡｂ）和对１２ＨＺ杂交瘤细胞系进行鉴定的结果。用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）扩增全长ＨＩＶ－１ＨＸＢ２ｅｎｖ基因并将其插入ｐＳＦＶ－１载体的ＢａｍＨＩ位点，构建表达载体ＰＳＦＶ－ｇｐ１６０．纯比后采用电穿孔技术将ＳＦＶ－ｇｐｌ６０ＲＮＡ转染ＢＨＫ－２１细胞。以蛋白印迹法、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及免疫荧光法检测Ｈ…     

VES对人胃癌细胞中细胞周期调控因子蛋白表达的影响

本研究采用免疫细胞化学方法检测了维生素Ｅ琥珀酸酯（ＶＥＳ）处理人胃癌（ＳＧＣ－７９０１）细胞４８小时后某些细胞周期调控因子及细胞凋亡调控基因的蛋白表达。结果表明ＶＥＳ能明显抑制ＳＧＣ－７９０１细胞的ｐ１６、ｐ５３、ｐ２１和ＰＣＮＡ的蛋白表达并均有明显的剂量－效应关系。以ｐ１６的降低作用最为明显，依次顺序为ｐ２１、ｐ５３和ＰＣＮＡ。与此相反，在ＶＥＳ处理后ｃ－ｆｏｓ蛋白表达被明显诱导。上述结果提示在离体试验条件下ＶＥＳ具有潜在的抗癌作用。     

抗人B-淋巴细胞刺激因子噬菌体单链抗体库的构建

目的构建抗人B-淋巴细胞刺激因子噬菌体单链抗体库。方法从B-淋巴细胞刺激因子免疫小鼠的脾细胞中抽提总RNA,经逆转录聚合酶反应合成cDNA,分别扩增小鼠重链可变区基因和轻链可变区基因。通过重叠延伸拼接法将重链可变区基因和轻链可变区基因组装成单链抗体基因,重组于载体pFUSE5,电转化E.coliXL 1-Blue。在辅助噬菌体援救下,构建成噬菌体单链抗体库。采用聚合酶链反应、核苷酸序列测定和酶联免疫分析鉴定单链抗体库的特征。结果本抗体库的噬菌体库容量约1×106,单链抗体基因插入效率为93%,存在序列差异性并含有抗B-淋巴细胞刺激因子单链抗体。结论成功地构建了抗人B-淋巴细胞刺激因子单链噬菌体抗体库,为筛选抗B-淋巴细胞刺激因子单链抗体药物奠定了良好的基础。     

抗人脂蛋白（a）单链抗体基因的克隆和表达

目的 构建鼠抗人脂蛋白「Ｌｐ（ａ）」单链抗体（ＳｃＦｖ）基因。方法 在克隆抗人Ｉｐ（ａ）抗体ＶＨ和ＶＬ基因的基础上,设计并合成了ＰＣＲ引物。两个外测引物分别含有ＥｃｏＲ１和Ｓａｌｉ酶切位点及起始码和终止码序列,４个内侧引物各含部分连接肽基因序列。采用限制性内切酶酶切拼接法,并按ＶＨ－Ｌｉｎｋｅｒ－ＶＬ的结构将轻、重链可变区基因拼接单链抗体基因。结果 拼接成的ＳｃＦｖ长度约为７３０ｂｐ。结论 所构建     

高糖增强兔血管平滑肌细胞对内皮素-1的增殖反应性(英文)

观察高糖对内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）促兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的影响．方法： ＶＳＭＣ分别培养于含正常葡萄糖、高糖或高渗（５．５，２５，葡萄糖 ５．５＋甘露醇 １９．５ ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）的培养基中［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶掺入法检测ＤＮＡ合成速率，蛋白质印迹法检测磷酸化 ｐ４４／４２ ＭＡＰＫ的表达．结果：在 １０至 １０－８ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１浓度范围内， ＥＴ－１以浓度依赖方式增加 ＶＳＭＣ的［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶掺入及磷酸化ｐ４４／４２ ＭＡＰＫ的表达，从 １０－１１到 １０－８ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，培养于高糖的 ＶＳＭＣ对相同浓度 ＥＴ－１的增殖反应性高于正常糖或高渗培养条件下的ＶＳＭＣ（Ｐ＜ ０．０５，或 Ｐ＜ ０．０１），而在后两种条件下，ＶＳＭＣ对ＥＴ－１的增殖反应无显著差别．同样，在高糖条件下，ＥＴ－１诱导的ＶＳＭＣ磷酸化ｐ４４／４２ＭＡＰＫ的表达较正常糖和高渗ＶＳＭＣ增加 ６０％－６５％结论：高糖增强ＶＳＭＣ对ＥＴ－１的增殖反应性，可能与磷酸化的 ｐ４４／４２ ＭＡＰＫ高表达有关     

全人源抗白介素21单链抗体的筛选与鉴定

白介素21是具有免疫调节功能的I型细胞因子,在异常状态下可介导类风湿关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和炎性肠病等多种自身免疫性疾病。为了拮抗白介素21的生物学活性,采用固相亲和筛选的方法,从Griffin1全人源噬菌体单链抗体库中筛选出抗白介素21的单链抗体。经过4轮亲和筛选,可溶性ELISA结果表明65%的噬菌体克隆可与IL-21发生特异性结合,经基因测序挑选出高亲和力的单链抗体FG8,转化至大肠杆菌HB2151中进行可溶性表达,采用镍柱亲和层析对表达的蛋白进行纯化后,SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测单链抗体相对分子质量为30 k。定量ELISA分析显示,单链抗体FG8与白介素21的结合呈浓度依赖性,可进一步研究用于炎症及自身免疫性疾病的诊断及靶向性治疗。     

抗CCR7单链抗体的筛选及初步鉴定

目的从噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗CCR7单链融合抗体,并对其生物学特性进行初步检测。方法PCR检测大肠杆菌中ScFv基因插入率;琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定SfiI和NotI双酶切质粒的结果;分别以乳腺癌细胞及CCR7多肽片段为靶抗原对抗体库进行4轮和3轮筛选富集。将阳性克隆转化E.coliHB2151进行可溶表达。抗体亲和层析纯化后,经Western blot鉴定,通过ELISA法检测可溶性ScFv抗体的免疫活性。免疫细胞化学和放射免疫显像鉴定scFv抗体与乳腺癌细胞结合的特异性。结果ScFv基因插入率为90%(18/20),双酶切鉴定检测到目的条带。经4轮细胞筛选,3轮抗原筛选抗CCR7抗原的噬菌体抗体得到了明显富集,在E.coliHB2151中实现可溶表达。Western blot结果显示获得抗体相对分子质量为34ku左右。免疫细胞化学检测与放射免疫显像均证实单链抗体与表达CCR7的乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-435s特异性结合。结论成功从噬菌体抗体库中筛选获得具有较高特异性的抗CCR7单链抗体。抗体在体内体外均与肿瘤细胞表达特异抗原结合。     

食管癌人源噬菌体单链抗体库的构建与初步筛选

目的构建全人源化食管癌噬菌体单链抗体库,从中筛选Eca-109细胞特异性单链抗体。方法取食管癌病人癌肿周围淋巴结作为B细胞的来源,提取总RNA,用RT-PCR的方法获得抗体可变区基因cDNA文库。首先分别网格筛选确定扩增VH和VL基因片段的引物对,以cDNA为模板扩增VH和VL基因片段,再以它们为模板分别扩增VH-linker与VL-linker,用SOE-PCR技术将后者组装成scFv,再引入酶切位点SfiI和NotI。将scFv基因克隆入噬菌粒载体pCANTAB-5E后电转入EcoliTG1,经抗体表达的辅助噬菌体M13KO7超感染,构建单链抗体库。PCR鉴定阳性重组菌EcoliTG1中scFv的插入率,1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定SfiI和NotI双酶切质粒的结果。从该抗体库中筛选特异性识别Eca109细胞的单链抗体,将阳性克隆菌转化EcoliHB2151进行可溶性表达。抗体亲和层析纯化后经SDS-PAGE、West-ern blot鉴定,通过ELISA法、免疫组化法、免疫细胞化学鉴定其与人食管癌细胞的结合的特异性。结果食管癌周围淋巴结总RNA的提取琼脂糖电泳结果中可见清晰的28S、18S条带;VH基因的大小约为450bp,VL基因为350bp,组装后的scFv基因约为850bp。用pUC18标准质粒测定转化效率达到108cfu.μg-1。scFv的阳性插入率为91.7%(22/24)。在筛选过程中,食管癌噬菌体单链抗体得到富集,收获率逐轮得到提高,第4轮为第1轮的141倍;SDS-PAGE与Western blot结果显示抗体分子量为30ku左右,在Ecoli HB2151中实现了单链抗体的可溶性表达。免疫组织化学结果提示可溶性抗体仅食管癌组织着色,而肝癌、胃癌组织不染色。免疫细胞化学结果表明此可溶性抗体可使食管癌细胞Eca109染色。细胞ELISA测定结果显示可溶性抗体具有较高的特异性,能与Eca109细胞结合,而不与胃癌BGC-823和NHEEC结合。结论从食管癌病人癌肿周围淋巴结成功地构建人源食管癌噬菌体单链抗体库,并从中筛选到食管癌特异性抗体。     

编码3型PIV内蛋白和1型PIV表面糖蛋白的嵌合减毒活疫苗诱导对1和3型PIV的抵抗力

作者曾将 １型副流感病毒（ＰＩＶ１）血凝素－神经氨酸酶和融合蛋白基因替代ＰＩＶ３反基因组ｃＤＮＡ中的相应基因，制备重组嵌合 ＰＩＶ３－ＰＩＶ１病毒，称为 ｒＰＩＶ３－１。 ｒＰＩＶ３－１在细胞中和仓鼠体内的生长特性类似于野型病毒，并具有ＰＩＶ１的主要保护性抗原。 本文报道ｒＰＩＶ３－１的衍生物ｒＰＩＶ３－１．ｃｐ４５Ｌ含有在ｃｐ４５－ＰＩＶ３候选疫苗病毒Ｌ基因中所见的３个导致温度敏感性变化和减毒的氨基酸改变。ｒＰＩＶ３－１．ｃｐ４５Ｌ具有温度敏感性，在 ３８ ℃停止增殖，与含有 ３个相同突变的重组病毒株…     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives as potential anthelmintic agents

The present study describes synthesis of a series of 2-phenyl benzimidazole-1-acetamide derivatives and their evaluation for anthelmintic activity using Indian adult earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. The structure of the title compounds was elucidated by elemental analysis and spectral data. The compounds 4-({[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]acetyl}amino) benzoic acid (3a), N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c), N-benzyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3d), N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3f), 2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3h), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N'-phenylacetohydrazide (3k), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-(4-nitrophenyl) acetamide (3n) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3q) were found better to paralyze worms whereas N-ethyl-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3c), N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetamide (3e), 4-({[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl] acetyl}amino) benzoic acid (3j), 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-ethyl acetamide (31) and 2-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-N-phenyl acetamide (3q) were better to cause death of worms compared to the anthelmintic drug albendazole.     

Isolation of chlorphenoxamine metabolites in human urine and their identification

After the administration of chlorphenoxamine (2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethoxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamine++ +, Systral) (I) the following compounds have been detected in human urine. They were identified as chlorphenoxamine (I), N-demethyl-chlorphenoxamine (II), chlorphenoxamine-N-oxide (III), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-l-phenylethanol (IV), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol (V), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-ethene (VI), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-ethanol (VII), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-ethene (VIII), 2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-ethoxy]-N-methyl-ethanamine (IX) and 2-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl-ethoxy]- N-methylethanamine (X). The compounds IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX and X were also found to be excreted as conjugates. It cannot be excluded that the compounds VI and VIII are artefacts.     

Lignans from the stems of Sambucus williamsii and their effects on osteoblastic UMR106 cells

Three new lignans, sambucunol A (8) ((+)-erythro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyloxypropanyl)-2-hydroxyphenoxy]-1, 3-propanediol), sambucunol B (9) ((+)-threo-1-(4-hydroxyl-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamoyloxy propanyl)-2-hydroxyphenoxy]-1, 3-propanediol) and buddlenol G (10) (2-{4-[2, 3-dihydro-3-hydroxymethyl-7-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamoyloxypropanyl)-2-benzofuranyl]-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy}-1-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -1, 3-propanediol), along with seven known ones, including ( - )-syringaresinol (1), ( - )-pinoresinol (2), 1, 2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-1, 3-propanediol (3), ( - )-erythro-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxy propanyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-1, 3-propanediol (4), ( - )-threo-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[4-(3-hydroxypropanyl)-2-methoxy phenoxy]-1, 3-propanediol (5), ( - )-lariciresinol (6) and ( - )-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (7), were isolated from the 60% ethanol extract of stems of Sambucus williamsii Hance by chromatographic methods. Their structures were established by spectral analysis. The effects of isolated compounds on the osteoblast-like UMR106 cell proliferation and ALP activities were determined. Compounds 2, 7 and 10 showed stimulating effects both on UMR106 cell proliferation and ALP activity. Compounds 1, 3, 6 and 8 stimulated UMR106 cell proliferation, while compounds 4 and 5 induced ALP activity in UMR106 cell.     

Pyrrolnitrin analogues. V. Knorr's pyrrole condensation between N-(4-nitrophenacyl)-3,5-dimethylaniline and ethyl acetoacetate

The reaction between N-(4-nitrophenacyl)-3,5-dimethylaniline and ethyl acetoacetate in boiling ethanol afforded 3-carbethoxy-5-(1-carbethoxyacetonyl)-4,5-dihydro-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrole and in low yield 3-carbethoxy-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Chemical transformation of the former compound into 5-acetonyl-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrole is described. The structure of 3-carbethoxy-5-(1-carbethoxyacetonyl)-4,5-dihydro-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrole has been established by the aid of N.M.R. spectral data. The above reaction, when carried out in boiling ethanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of 3,5-dimethylaniline hydrobromide, led to the formation of 3-carbethoxy-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrole and 4,6-dimethyl-2-(4-nitrophenyl)indole, the former formed in a very good yield. Some pyrrolnitrin analogues have been prepared starting from 3-carbethoxy-1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-methyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)pyrrole.     

Stereoselective glucuronidation of 5-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin by human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B15: effects of UGT-UGT interactions.

5-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (4'-HPPH), a major metabolite of phenytoin in human, is exclusively metabolized to a glucuronide. 4'-HPPH has a chiral center. (S)-4'-HPPH is a predominant form produced from phenytoin in humans, and (R)-4'-HPPH is an extremely toxic form with respect to gingival hyperplasia. In the present study, we investigated stereoselective 4'-HPPH O-glucuronide formation in human liver microsomes. Human liver microsomes predominantly formed (S)-4'-HPPH O-glucuronide rather than (R)-4'-HPPH O-glucuronide from racemic 4'-HPPH. Among human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B15 showed 4'-HPPH O-glucuronide formation. Interestingly, UGT1A1 stereoselectively formed (R)-4'-HPPH O-glucuronide, whereas UGT1A9 and UGT2B15 stereoselectively formed (S)-4'-HPPH O-glucuronide from racemic 4'-HPPH. By using UGT1A double-expression systems in HEK293 cells that we previously established, the effects of UGT-UGT interactions on 4'-HPPH O-glucuronide formation were investigated. It was demonstrated that coexpression of UGT1A4 increased the V(max) values of (S)- and (R)-4'-HPPH O-glucuronide formation catalyzed by UGT1A1 but decreased the V(max) values of (S)- and (R)-4'-HPPH O-glucuronide formation catalyzed by UGT1A9. Coexpression of UGT1A6 increased the S(50) values and decreased the V(max) values of (S)- and (R)-4'-HPPH glucuronide formation catalyzed by UGT1A1 and UGT1A9. However, the interaction did not alter the stereoselectivity. In conclusion, we found that 4'-HPPH O-glucuronide formation in human liver microsomes is catalyzed by UGT1A1, UGT1A9, and UGT2B15 in a stereoselective manner, being modulated by interaction with other UGT1A isoforms.     

中药白头翁地上部分的三萜皂苷成分

为了研究白头翁地上部分的三萜皂苷成分，采用不同色谱技术对白头翁地上部分乙醇提取物的正丁醇部位进行分离纯化，并用波谱和化学方法鉴定化合物的结构。从正丁醇部位中共分离得到7个三萜皂苷类化合物，其结构分别被鉴定为2β-羟基常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷(1)、3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷(2)、3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖齐墩果酸28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷(3)、3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)［β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→4)］-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷(4)、3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷(5)、常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡糖酯苷(6)及常春藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L相似文献   

具有抗过敏活性的7－羟基－2－（1H－四氮唑－5－基）色酮的合成

具有抗过敏活性的７－羟基－２－（１Ｈ－四氮唑－５－基）色酮的合成李国青，李展，卢玉华（中国医学科学院药用植物研究所，北京１０００９４）许多色酮类化合物具有抗过敏活性，如治疗过敏性支气管哮喘等。色甘酸二钠是使用最广泛的平喘药物之一，但其缺点是口服无效［...     

Über die Methylierung von 4-Hydroxy-2-chinolon

Methylation of 4-Hydroxy-2-quinolone The reaction of 4-hydroxy-2-quinolone (1a) with methyl iodide/potassium hydroxide in boiling acetone gave a mixture of 1-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone (1d) , 1,3-dimethyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone (1e) , and 1,3,3-trimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (2) . As by-product 2,4-dimethoxyquinoline (3) was identified. Under the same conditions 4-methoxy-2-quinolone (1c) yielded 1d, 1e, 2 and 3 , while 1-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-quinolone (1b) gave 1d, 1e and 2 .     

Quantitation of catechol estrogens and their N-acetylcysteine conjugates in urine of rats and hamsters

A method for the analysis of N-acetylcysteine conjugates of catechol estrogens [catechol estrogen mercapturates (CE SRs)], which are likely to be urinary markers of estrogen-induced tumors, was established in this study. The characteristics of the method that was established were (1) cleanup of urine using the immunoaffinity column of CE SRs, (2) detection of catechol estrogens (CEs) and CE SRs by electrochemical detection, which provided the high specificity, and (3) stability of CE SRs through the cleanup. Using this method, the simultaneous quantitation of 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol (2-OHE(2)), 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol (4-OHE(2)), 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE(1)), 4-hydroxyestrone (4-OHE(1)), 2-hydroxyestrone 1-N-acetylcysteine thioether (2-OHE(1) 1SR), 2-hydroxyestrone 4-N-acetylcysteine thioether (2-OHE(1) 4SR), and 4-hydroxyestrone 2-N-acetylcysteine thioether (4-OHE(1) 2SR) in the range of 1-15 ng was performed. We first demonstrated the presence of CE SRs, 2-OHE(1) 1SR and 2-OHE(1) 4SR, in urine from rats treated intraperitoneally with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In female rats, the amount of 2-OHE(1) 1SR was several-fold greater than that of 2-OHE(1) 4SR, while the presence of 4-OHE(1) 2SR was not confirmed. The level of CEs and CE SRs in male rats was approximately (1)/(2)-(1)/(20) of that in female rats. The excretion rate following administration of 2-OHE(1) at 2 mg/kg and that following the administration of 4-OHE(1) at 2 mg/kg were different in female rats. In addition, 4-OHE(1) 2SR was present in the urine of male Syrian hamsters treated intraperitoneally with E(2), whereas it was absent in rats.     

Diaryl dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamides with significant in vivo antiobesity activity related to CB1 receptor antagonism: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling in the homology model

A number of analogues of diaryl dihydropyrazole-3-carboxamides have been synthesized. Their activities were evaluated for appetite suppression and body weight reduction in animal models. Depending on the chemical modification of the selected dihydropyrazole scaffold, the lead compounds--the bisulfate salt of (+/-)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid morpholin-4-ylamide 26 and the bisulfate salt of (-)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid morpholin-4-ylamide 30--showed significant body weight reduction in vivo, which is attributed to their CB1 antagonistic activity and exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. The molecular modeling studies also showed interactions of two isomers of (+/-)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid morpholin-4-ylamide 9 with CB1 receptor in the homology model similar to those of N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrazole-carboxamide (rimonabant) 1 and 4S-(-)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N'-[(4-chlorophenyl)-sulfonyl]-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine (SLV-319) 2.