替罗非班对发病6～12h急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊PCI中无再流的作用

目的:探讨血小板Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班对发病6～12 h的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后无再流的影响. 方法:将症状发生至急诊PCI 6～12 h的STEMI患者随机分为替罗非班组(50例)和对照组(50例).记录两组基础临床情况、PCI后无再流、心力衰竭、住院期间及术后180d主要心脏不良事件(MACE),包括死亡再梗死再次靶血管重建的发生率.结果:两组梗死相关动脉(IRA)PCI后TIMI 3级血流发生无显著差异.与对照组相比,替罗非班组PCI前IRA TIMI 3级血流、术后梗死区心肌灌注分级(TMP)3级明显增加,无再流发生率降低(P<0.05).心力衰竭减少27.4%,住院期间MACE发生率相似,但于术后180 d降低10.85%(P<0.05). 结论:急诊PCI联合替罗非班治疗发病6～12 h的STEMI患者,可进一步减少无再流发生,提高心肌灌注,并改善临床预后.     

盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗围术期的应用

目的观察血小板糖蛋白(glycoprotein,GP)Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)围术期的疗效及安全性。方法AMI患者经急诊冠脉造影示TIMI 0~1级,预计行PCI者90例按就诊顺序分为替罗非班组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。替罗非班组PCI术前开始应用盐酸替罗非班,持续泵入至术后36~48 h。对照组同常规PCI。观察两组冠脉复流3、0 d再梗死及死亡情况,并监测术前、术后血小板活化度。结果替罗非班组急诊PCI术后无慢复流、无复流现象发生,TIMI 3级血流发生率100%;对照组急诊PCI术后TIMI 0~2级,即无复流及慢复流发生率11.10%(5/45),TIMI 3级血流发生率88.90%(40/45),两组比较差异有统计学意义。观察30 d盐酸替罗非班组无再梗死及死亡;对照组再梗死及死亡发生率6.66%(3/45),两组比较差异有统计学意义。盐酸替罗非班可明显降低血小板活化度,不增加出血并发症。结论在AMI急诊PCI围术期应用盐酸替罗非班既可开通冠脉,又可改善冠脉血流,减少术后再梗死,达到真正意义上挽救心肌的目的。     

冠脉内应用半量替罗非班在老年急性心肌梗死急诊PCI中的疗效及安全性

目的 探讨冠脉内应用半量血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/ Ⅲa受体拮抗剂盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中的效果及安全性。方法 2012.1—2015.1入院的125例行急诊PCI的老年(>70岁)STEMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组62例和对照组63例,替罗非班组冠脉内注射小剂量盐酸替罗非班(5μg/kg),继而以0.075μg/(kg.min)由微量泵持续静脉泵入24小时,对照组不予应用。对比分析两组PCI术后IRA TIMI血流分级,校正的TIMI计帧数(CTFC)及心肌灌注分级(TMP),PCI术后30d主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血并发症。结果 PCI术后IRA TIMI 3级比例替罗非班组高于对照组(91.94% vs 79.37 %, P<0.05),CTFC亦显示替罗非班组低于对照组(22.79±5.75vs 31.36±4.72, P<0.05);心肌灌注分级TMP2级以上的比例替罗非班组高于对照组(74.19% vs 55.56%, P<0.05);出血并发症两组无显著性差异,MACE发生率替罗非班组低于对照组(6.45% vs 19.05%, P<0.05)。结论：老年STEMI患者急诊PCI术前冠脉内应用半量盐酸替罗非班可以迅速抑制血小板聚集,增加IRA TIMI血流分级,改善心肌灌注,减少无复流发生,而且不增加出血并发症,减少了MACE事件发生。     

早期使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的临床疗效

目的评价急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEAMI)患者早期应用替罗非班的临床疗效。方法 154例接受急诊PCI治疗的STEAMI患者,随机分为替罗非班组66例和对照组88例。对照组未使用替罗非班,替罗非班组在急诊室即给予静脉应用替罗非班。比较两组治疗后梗死相关动脉(IRA)TIMI血流分级及血流速度、校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)、术后心肌灌注分级(TMPG)及住院期间出血和主要心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果与对照组相比,术后替罗非班组中IRA的TIMI 3级复流出现率明显增高,血流速度明显增快,CTFC减小,TMPG 3级获得率高;两组以上观察指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组MACE和出血发生情况无统计学差异((P均>0.05))。结论 STEAMI患者急诊行PCI早期使用替罗非班能显著提高IRA的前向血流,改善术后心肌灌注。     

冠状动脉使用替罗非班对STEMI患者急诊PCI术后的影响

目的:探讨冠状动脉(冠脉)使用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者在急诊冠脉介入治疗(PCI)术后TIMI血流、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及肌钙蛋白(TnT)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)的影响。方法:将164例入选的行急诊PCI的STEMI患者随机分为冠脉使用替罗非班组(冠脉组,84例)和静脉使用替罗非班组(静脉组,80例),在急诊PCI术前及完成后测定梗死相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流,在发病12、24h采静脉血查CK-MB及TnT。观察PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落情况,观察PCI术后3d出血事件。随访30d记录MACE。结果:与静脉组比较,冠脉组明显改善PCI术后IRA的TIMI血流[(2.95±0.17)∶(2.84±0.22),P0.05],明显降低12、24h时的CK-MB与TnT水平(均P0.05),明显增加PCI术后2h心电图ST段回落70%的例数(P0.05)。两组术后出血事件及30dMACE没有显著差异。结论:对于行急诊PCI的STEMI患者,与静脉使用替罗非班比较,冠脉使用替罗非班可有效改善心肌灌注,减小心肌梗死面积。     

冠状动脉内注射替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死罪犯血管自发再通患者的疗效分析

目的:研究冠状动脉(冠脉)内注射替罗非班治疗在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)病变血管再通患者急诊PCI应用中的临床疗效。方法:选取火箭军总医院2012-1-2016-01收治的STEMI患者,经冠脉造影证实病变血管再通并行急诊PCI患者191例,分为替罗非班组(108例)及对照组(83例)。替罗非班组患者在常规PCI操作基础上,给予冠脉内注射替罗非班10μg/kg。比较两组患者病变相关血管(IRA)的TIMI血流分级和手术成功率,进一步随访观察2组患者30d及12个月心血管不良事件发生率(MACE)及出血事件,并通过超声心动图评估心脏功能及结构。结果:对于IRA再通的STEMI患者,冠脉内注射替罗非班可以显著促进PCI术后IRA血流恢复,减少术后早期及晚期心力衰竭的发生,不增加出血事件,减少平均住院天数。心脏超声结果发现,冠脉内注射替罗非班显著提高患者远期心脏功能。结论:对于IRA自发再通的STEMI患者,直接冠脉内注射替罗非班能够提高心肌再灌注,增加心脏功能,改善患者预后,安全可行。     

盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死急诊冠脉介入治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨盐酸替罗非班在老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）急诊冠脉介入治疗（PCI）的疗效及安全性。方法选择老年急性STEMI患者70例,按就诊顺序分为盐酸替罗非班组、对照组各35例。盐酸替罗非班组行PCI术前应用盐酸替罗非班[0.15μg/（kg.min）],持续泵入至术后36 h,对照组行常规PCI术。分别观察两组患者冠脉复流、出血事件及术后30 d内主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的发生情况。结果盐酸替罗非班组急诊PCI术后TIMI 3级血流发生率100%;对照组TIMI 3级血流发生率82.9%,两组比较P〈0.05;术后30 d两组MACE发生情况无明显差异;盐酸替罗非班不增加出血事件。结论老年急性STEMI急诊PCI联合应用盐酸替罗非班安全有效。     

STEMI介入治疗患者急诊提前应用替罗非班的效果及安全性

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前应用替罗非班的疗效及安全性。方法:选择2012年12月至2013年12月我院STEMI接受急诊PCI联合应用替罗非班的患者147例,按照随机数字表法分为急诊替罗非班组(76例,在急诊PCI前开始应用替罗非班)和常规替罗非班组(71例,常规术后使用替罗非班)。比较术前、术后梗死相关血管血流情况、临床出血并发症及术后30d内心血管事件发生率。结果:与常规替罗非班组比较,急诊替罗非班组术前TIMI3级(10.0%比22.4%)与TIMI2级+TIMI3级(23.9%比39.5%)血流比例明显升高(P均0.05);两组术后TIMI3级血流比例、Blush3级和TIMI计帧数获得率均无显著差异(P均0.05);临床出血并发症及术后30d内心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急诊提前应用替罗非班可提高ST段抬高心肌梗死患者PCI前梗死相关血管前向血流。     

替罗非班应用时机对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的影响

目的观察早期应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)急诊PCI效果的影响。方法将发病12 h急诊PCI的STEMI患者240例随机分为早期组(冠状动脉造影前1～3 h应用替罗非班)和即刻组(冠状动脉造影后即刻应用替罗非班),每组120例。观察2组PCI前后TIMI血流分级和梗死区心肌灌注(TMP)分级,PCI后30 d主要不良心血管事件(MACE)情况。结果与即刻组比较,早期组PCI前TIMI 3级血流和TMP 3级比例明显升高(30.8% vs 10.8%,33.3% vs 12.5%,P0.05);早期组PCI后TMP 3级明显升高(77.5% vs 51.7%,P0.05)。早期组发生MACE 3例,即刻组4例(2.5% vs 3.3%,P0.05)。结论对STEMI急诊PCI的患者,早期应用替罗非班能改善梗死相关血管的血流及心肌灌注。     

替罗非班联合急诊冠脉介入术治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的 探讨早期应用替罗非班联合急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者的疗效.方法 初发ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(STEMI)拟行直接PCI术病人131例,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组(n=32),阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(n=99).分析PCI术后心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流、TIMI血流灌注分级(TMPG)分级和ST段回落,评价PCI术后心肌微循环再灌注.观察住院及随防期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)及出血等并发症.结果 与阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组相比,阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组梗死相关动脉(IRA)狭窄程度较轻[(68.7±11.0)%vs (86.5±7.8)%,P＜0.05].PCI术后TIMI3级血流阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(96.8% vs 78.8%,P＜0.05),TMPG3级阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于B组(62.5% vs 32.3%,P＜0.01).治疗期间轻度血小板减少和出血阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组高于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(9.4% vs 1.0%,P＜0.05).随访30 d,两组死亡率无差异,但MACE发生率阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组低于阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组(6.3% vs 29.3%,P＜0.01),进一步分析严重心绞痛阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+替罗非班组较阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组显著降低(6.3%vs 25.3%,P＜0.05).结论 阿司匹林和氯吡格雷基础上早期应用替罗非班,减少STEMI再灌注后无再流或慢血流的发生,改善心肌微循环再灌注及病人预后.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。